VOCs Emission Characteristics and Control Strategy for Edible Soybean Oil Production Industry
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摘要: 国外对挥发性有机物(volatile organic compounds,VOCs)的减排经验表明,食用植物油加工行业作为主要溶剂使用源,需要对其排放的VOCs进行管控,为研究国内该行业的VOCs排放特征及管控对策,依据第二次全国污染源普查数据,选择了大豆油加工行业中的两家典型企业,对主要排放环节的排放强度及组分构成进行采样分析,结合最大增量反应活性法(maximum incremental reactivity,MIR)核算了行业的臭氧生成潜势(ozone formation potential,OFP). 结果表明:所选两家大豆油加工企业浸出工艺段、精炼工艺段及其配套污水处理厂均存在高浓度VOCs排放节点,各采样点位VOCs浓度范围为42.3~5 134.3 mg/m3,两家企业VOCs浓度最高的采样点位均出现在浸出工艺段的石蜡油吸收塔排气筒;浸出工艺段各采样点位的检出组分主要为正己烷、3-甲基戊烷、甲基环戊烷、2-丁烯醛,精炼工艺段检出组分中己烷及其同分异构体和2-丁烯醛同样占比较高,同时还检出了戊烷、乙烷、乙烯、1-丁烯、丙烯醛、苯和甲苯等组分;浸出工艺段和“浸出+精炼”企业精炼工艺段的OFP值分别为2.64和4.31 g/g,2-丁烯醛是首要活性组分. 目前国内食用植物油加工行业具有较大的VOCs减排潜力,建议根据行业排放特征明确行业污染防治的技术路线,出台大气排放标准,引导企业加强对自身VOCs排放的控制.
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关键词:
- 大豆油加工业 /
- 挥发性有机物(VOCs) /
- 排放特征 /
- 臭氧生成潜势(OFP)
Abstract: Foreign experience in reducing the emissions of volatile organic compounds shows that the edible vegetable oil processing industry, as the main user of the solvents, needs to control the emissions of VOCs. In order to grasp the domestic VOCs emission characteristics and control strategies in edible vegetable oil processing industry, two typical enterprises in soybean oil processing industry were selected based on the data of the second national survey of pollution sources. The VOCs emission points of typical enterprises were identified, and the emission intensity and composition of the main emission points were sampled and analyzed. Combined with the Maximum Incremental Reactivity method, the ozone generation potential of the industry was calculated. The results show that there are high concentration VOCs emission nodes in the crude oil leaching process section, refining process section and supporting sewage treatment plant of the two representative enterprises. From the perspective of emission intensity, the VOCs emission concentration of each sampling node of the two companies is in the range of 42.3-5134.3 mg/m3. The highest point of VOCs concentration is the extraction process of paraffin oil absorption tower exhaust cylinder, and the concentration levels are 5134.3 and 673.2 mg/m3, respectively. The detected components at each sampling point in the extract process segment are mainly for n-hexane, 3-methyl pentane, 2-methyl cyclopentane, crotonaldehyde species. The oil refining process segment has relatively high hexane and its isomers and above 2-crotonaldehyde same proportion is higher, and also has pentane, ethane, ethylene, 1-butylene, acrolein, benzene and toluene and other species. The ozone formation potential of the extract process section and refining process sections of the ‘extract + refining’ enterprise is 2.64 and 4.31 g/g, respectively, and 2-butenal is the primary active species. At present, domestic soybean oil processing enterprises still have great potential in reducing VOCs emissions. It is recommended to clarify the technical routes and emission standards of industry pollution prevention and control according to the emission characteristics, guide enterprises to control their own VOCs emissions, and promote industry emission reduction. -
表 1 样品采集具体信息
Table 1. Specific information of sampling
企业 采样点位序号 工艺环节 排放环节 采样点位 VOCs控制措施 A A-1 浸出工艺段 设备和管道组件泄漏 车间环境 — A-2 冷凝+石蜡油回收尾气 石蜡油吸收塔排气筒 冷凝+石蜡油回收 A-3 精炼工艺段 脱色尾气 脱色管道环境 — A-4 脱臭尾气 脱臭管道环境 — A-5 冷凝废水液面逸散 冷凝废水液面 — A-6 污水处理厂 液面逸散 排气筒 活性炭吸附 B B-1 浸出工艺段 设备和管道组件泄漏 车间环境 微负压收集 B-2 冷凝+石蜡油回收尾气 石蜡油吸收塔排气筒 冷凝+石蜡油回收 B-3 精炼工艺段 脱臭和脱色尾气 排气筒 — B-4 污水处理厂 液面逸散 废水总进口液面 — 表 2 各采样点位主要VOCs组分
Table 2. Main VOCs components of each sample
采样点位序号 主要VOCs组分 A-1 正己烷(31%)、3-甲基戊烷(24%)、2-丁烯醛(17%)、甲基环戊烷(17%)、甲基乙基酮(5%)、2-甲基戊烷(3%)、戊烷(1%) A-2 3-甲基戊烷(29%)、正己烷(24%)、2-丁烯醛(14%)、甲基环戊烷(14%)、甲基乙基酮(7%)、2-甲基戊烷(5%)、戊烷(2%) A-3 2-丁烯醛(16%)、甲基环戊烷(16%)、1-丁烯(14%)、戊烷(13%)、乙烯(11%)、正己烷(6%)、正戊烯(5%)、乙烷(3%) A-4 戊烷(24%)、2-丁烯醛(12%)、甲基环戊烷(12%)、1-丁烯(10%)、丙烯醛(5%)、正戊烯(5%)、乙烯(5%)、苯(4%)、乙烷(4%) A-5 丙烯醛(17%)、2-丁烯醛(11%)、甲基环戊烷(11%)、戊烷(10%)、苯(6%)、甲苯(6%)、正戊烯(5%)、1-丁烯(4%)、正己烷(3%) A-6 丙酮(15%)、2-丁烯醛(14%)、甲基环戊烷(14%)、甲位蒎烯(12%)、苯甲醛(12%)、乙醇(9%)、正己烷(4%)、3-甲基戊烷(3%) B-1 正己烷(37%)、3-甲基戊烷(23%)、2-丁烯醛(14%)、甲基环戊烷(14%)、甲基乙基酮(5%)、2-甲基戊烷(4%)、环戊烷(1%) B-2 正己烷(29%)、3-甲基戊烷(29%)、2-丁烯醛(12%)、甲基环戊烷(12%)、甲基乙基酮(7%)、2-甲基戊烷(5%)、环戊烷(2%) B-3 2-丁烯醛(30%)、甲基环戊烷(30%)、正己烷(10%)、戊烷(7%)、苯(6%)、3-甲基戊烷(4%)、甲苯(2%)、丙烯醛(2%) B-4 2-丁烯醛(22%)、甲基环戊烷(22%)、正己烷(13%)、乙醇(10%)、3-甲基戊烷(5%)、苯(4%)、戊烷(3%)、苯甲醛(3%) 注:括号内数值为各VOCs物种浓度占总VOCs浓度的比例. 表 3 浸出工艺段与“浸出+精炼”企业精炼工艺段源成分谱
Table 3. VOCs emission profile of the extract process section and the refining process section of the ‘extract + refining’ enterprise
VOCs组分 质量分数/% VOCs组分 质量分数/% 浸出工艺段 精炼工艺段 浸出工艺段 精炼工艺段 乙烷 0.22 0.03 苯乙烯 ND ND 丙烷 0.04 0.03 萘 ND ND 丁烷 0.03 0.04 氯甲烷 0.01 ND 异丁烷 0.17 ND 氯乙烷 0.01 ND 2,2-二甲基丁烷 0.00 ND 二氯甲烷 ND ND 2,3-二甲基丁烷 0.58 0.05 1,1-二氯乙烷 0.00 ND 戊烷 0.95 7.46 1,2-二氯乙烷 0.01 0.02 异戊烷 0.04 0.34 1,2-二氯丙烷 ND ND 2-甲基戊烷 4.35 0.21 氯仿 0.00 ND 3-甲基戊烷 26.28 3.87 1,1,1-三氯乙烷 0.00 ND 2,3-二甲基戊烷 0.07 0.51 1,1,2-三氯乙烷 ND ND 2,4-二甲基戊烷 0.73 1.52 四氯化碳 0.00 ND 2,2,4-三甲基戊烷 0.00 ND 1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷 ND 0.23 2,3,4-三甲基戊烷 ND 0.01 氯乙烯 0.00 ND 环戊烷 0.72 0.08 1,1-二氯乙烯 0.00 ND 甲基环戊烷 14.29 30.29 顺-1,2-二氯乙烯 0.00 ND 正己烷 30.47 10.43 反-1,2-二氯乙烯 0.00 ND 3-甲基庚烷 ND 0.01 顺-1,3-二氯丙烯 ND ND 3-甲基己烷 0.00 0.01 反-1,3-二氯丙烯 ND ND 环己烷 0.07 0.16 三氯乙烯 ND ND 甲基环己烷 ND 0.01 四氯乙烯 ND ND 庚烷 ND 0.28 氯苯 ND ND 2-甲基庚烷 ND 0.04 1,3-二氯苯 ND ND 2-甲基己烷 0.00 0.06 1,4-二氯苯 ND ND 辛烷 ND 0.46 1,2-二氯苯 ND ND 壬烷 ND 0.02 1,2,4-三氯苯 ND ND 续表 3 VOCs组分 质量分数/% VOCs组分 质量分数/% 浸出工艺段 精炼工艺段 浸出工艺段 精炼工艺段 癸烷 ND ND 苄基氯 ND ND 十一烷 ND ND 溴甲烷 0.00 ND 十二烷 ND ND 1,2-二溴乙烷 ND ND 乙炔 0.01 ND 溴仿 ND ND 乙烯 0.02 0.12 一溴二氯甲烷 0.00 0.06 丙烯 0.00 0.09 二溴一氯甲烷 ND ND 1-丁烯 0.01 0.55 三氯一氟甲烷 0.00 ND 1,3-丁二烯 ND ND 三氯三氟乙烷 0.00 ND 反-2-丁烯 0.00 ND 二氯二氟甲烷 0.00 ND 顺-2-丁烯 0.00 0.00 二氯四氟乙烷 0.00 ND 正戊烯 0.01 1.06 六氯-1,3-丁二烯 0.00 ND 反-2-戊烯 0.02 0.58 甲基乙基酮 6.06 ND 顺-2-戊烯 0.00 0.17 甲基丁基酮 ND ND 异戊二烯 0.00 0.09 1,4-二氧六环 0.00 0.06 正己烯 0.01 1.44 丁醛 ND ND 乙位蒎稀 0.00 0.01 戊醛 0.00 0.09 甲位蒎稀 ND ND 正己醛 ND 0.01 苯 0.01 5.51 丙烯醛 0.00 0.84 甲苯 ND 2.03 甲基丙烯醛 0.09 ND 间/对二甲苯 ND 0.29 苯甲醛 ND ND 邻二甲苯 ND 0.02 2-丁烯醛 14.29 30.29 乙苯 ND 0.37 丙酮 0.01 ND 丙基苯 ND 0.12 甲基异丁基酮 0.00 0.02 异丙苯 ND 0.00 甲基丙烯酸甲酯 ND ND 间乙基甲苯 ND ND 乙酸乙酯 0.16 0.01 对乙基甲苯 ND ND 乙酸乙烯酯 ND ND 邻乙基甲苯 ND ND 乙醇 0.25 ND 间二乙基苯 ND ND 异丙醇 ND ND 对二乙基苯 ND ND 甲基叔丁基醚 0.00 ND 1,2,3-三甲基苯 ND ND 二硫化碳 0.00 ND 1,2,4-三甲基苯 ND ND 四氢呋喃 ND ND 1,3,5-三甲基苯 ND ND 注:ND表示低于检出限. -
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