基于生物可给性的农用地土壤重金属复合污染非致癌健康风险评估

李慧; 韩雅静; 朱晓辉; 党垚; 董辰寅; 蔡立梅; 向明灯; 于云江

doi:10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2023.02.20

基于生物可给性的农用地土壤重金属复合污染非致癌健康风险评估

doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2023.02.20

李慧^{1, 2,},
韩雅静²,
朱晓辉^2, ,,
党垚²,
董辰寅²,
蔡立梅¹,
向明灯²,
于云江^2, ,

1.
长江大学资源与环境学院，湖北武汉　430100
2.
生态环境部华南环境科学研究所，国家环境保护环境污染健康风险评价重点实验室，广东广州　510530

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目(No.2021YFC1808904，2019YFC1803403)

详细信息

作者简介:
李慧（1997-），女，河北保定人，lihui2421@126.com

通讯作者:
①朱晓辉(1989-)，男，广东韶关人，工程师，硕士，主要从事污染物环境行为及健康风险评估研究，zhuxiaohui@scies.org

②于云江(1964-)，男，内蒙古鄂尔多斯人，研究员，博士，博导，主要从事环境与健康研究，yuyunjiang@scies.org

中图分类号: X8
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-08-23
- 修回日期: 2023-02-06

Non-Carcinogenic Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals Combined Exposure from Soil of Agricultural Land Based on Bioavailability

LI Hui^{1, 2
,},
HAN Yajing²,
ZHU Xiaohui^{2
, ,},
DANG Yao²,
DONG Chenyin²,
CAI Limei¹,
XIANG Mingdeng²,
YU Yunjiang^{2
, ,}

1.
College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China
2.
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510530, China

Funds: National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2021YFC1808904, 2019YFC1803403)

摘要

摘要: 为科学评估农用地土壤重金属复合暴露对儿童的非致癌健康风险，以华南某生态观光园类农用地为研究对象，对其表层土壤中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb、Ni、Zn、Hg的含量进行检测，采用单项污染指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法评估其污染程度，并引入二元证据权重(binary weight of evidence, BINWOE)法和重金属生物可给性对儿童非致癌健康风险进行修正. 结果表明：①研究区表层土壤中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb、Ni、Zn、Hg的含量分别为1.72~19.40、0.07~19.00、4.00~52.00、4.00~42.00、36.60~1.07×10⁴、8.00~23.00、62.00~1.52×10³、0.01~0.49 mg/kg，8种重金属的传统非致癌健康风险值的范围为0.65~78.80，其中部分点位As、Cd、Cr及Pb的儿童非致癌风险处于不可接受水平(HQ>1). ②4种重金属(As、Cd、Cr、Pb)引入BINWOE法修正的儿童非致癌健康风险值是传统方法的0.67~3.31倍. ③基于重金属生物可给性的儿童非致癌健康风险值(0.70~75.00)是基于重金属总量的儿童非致癌健康风险值(1.72~116.10)的0.38~0.92倍. 研究显示，对存在多种重金属污染的农用地开展儿童非致癌健康风险评估时，需考虑重金属间的相互作用及生物可给性，以避免直接套用传统风险评估方法低估(高估)污染土壤对儿童的实际健康风险.
- 农用地 /
- 重金属 /
- 土壤 /
- 非致癌健康风险 /
- 生物可给性
Abstract: In order to scientifically evaluate the non-carcinogenic health risk of children exposed to heavy metals in agricultural land soil, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn and Hg in the agricultural land surface soil of an ecological tourism park in South China were analysed. The methods of the single pollution index and the Nemero comprehensive pollution index were used to evaluate soil contamination of heavy metals. Besides, the binary weight of evidence (BINWOE) and the bioavailability of heavy metals were further performed to modify the non-carcinogenic health risk of children. The results indicated that: (1) The contents of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn and Hg in the surface soil of the study area were 1.72-19.40, 0.07-19.00, 4.00-52.00, 4.00-42.00, 36.60-1.07×10⁴, 8.00-23.00, 62.00-1.52×10³, and 0.01-0.49 mg/kg, respectively. The traditional non-carcinogenic health risk of 8 heavy metals ranged from 0.65 to 78.80, while the non-carcinogenic risks of children with As, Cd, Cr and Pb at some sampling points were at unacceptable levels (HQ>1). (2) The non-carcinogenic health risk value of 4 heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Pb) in childrenbased on BINWOE method was 0.67-3.31 times that of traditional methods. (3) The non-carcinogenic health risks of children assessed based on the bioavailability of heavy metals (0.70-75.00) were 0.38-0.92 times as high as those assessed (1.72-116.10) based on the total amount of heavy metals. Our study demonstrates that it is necessary to take the bioavailability and the interaction between heavy metals into consideration when evaluating the non-carcinogenic health risks of children exposed to multiple heavy metals in agricultural land, thus avoiding the underestimation/overestimation of the actual health risks of contaminated soil to children by traditional risk assessment methods.
- agricultural land /
- heavy metal /
- soil /
- non-carcinogenic health risk /
- bioavailability

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图 1 研究区表层土壤采样点分布示意

Figure 1. Distribution of surface soil sampling points in the study area

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图 2 研究区不同采样点表层土壤中重金属含量

Figure 2. Heavy metal content in surface soil at different sampling points in the study area

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图 3 基于重金属总量的儿童非致癌健康风险值

Figure 3. Non-carcinogenic health risks in children based on total heavy metals

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图 4 基于生物可给性的儿童非致癌健康风险值

Figure 4. The non-carcinogenic health risks in children based on the bioavailability)

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表 1 土壤样品分析的质量控制结果

Table 1. Quality control results of soil samples analysis

重金属	相对标准偏差	回收率	GBW07404或GBW07456
重金属	相对标准偏差	回收率	实测值	标准值
pH	0.02%~0.09%	—	8.63¹⁾	8.61±0.07¹⁾
As	2.00%~6.00%	90.0%~100.0%	12.80²⁾	13.30±1.10²⁾
Cd	0.00%~22.00%	94.0%~106.0%	0.57²⁾	0.59±0.04²⁾
Cr	0.00%~17.00%	83.2%~119.0%	79.00²⁾	75.00±6.00²⁾
Cu	0.00%~14.00%	89.7%~105.0%	38.00²⁾	40.00±3.00²⁾
Pb	2.00%~12.00%	91.4%~98.4%	54.00²⁾	58.00±5.00²⁾
Zn	0.70%~9.00%	90.4%~116.0%	204.00²⁾	210±13.00²⁾
Hg	0.00%~6.00%	88.0%~102.0%	0.11²⁾	0.12±0.01²⁾
注：1)无量纲；2)单位为mg/kg.

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表 2 研究区表层土壤中重金属的描述性结果

Table 2. Descriptive results of heavy metals in surface soil of the study area

重金属	范围/(mg/kg)	平均值/(mg/kg)	标准差/(mg/kg)	对照组含量/(mg/kg)			风险筛选值/(mg/kg)^[36]		超标率/%
重金属	范围/(mg/kg)	平均值/(mg/kg)	标准差/(mg/kg)	DZ1	DZ2	DZ3	pH≤5.5	5.5˂pH≤6.5	超标率/%
As	1.72~19.40	7.12	4.98	5.26	4.63	4.50	40	40	0.00
Cd	0.07~19.00	5.10	6.65	0.08	0.10	0.15	0.30	0.30	86.00
Cr	4.00~52.00	27.84	12.78	63.00	45.00	24.00	150	150	0.00
Cu	4.00~42.00	16.90	8.80	15.00	9.00	9.00	50	50	0.00
Pb	36.60~1.07×10⁴	632.75	2 258.66	47.10	43.00	49.30	70	90	53.30
Ni	8.00~23.00	17.52	3.46	27.00	14.00	16.00	60	70	0.00
Zn	62.00~1.52×10³	686.48	556.09	73.00	88.00	82.00	200	200	66.67
Hg	0.01~0.49	0.20	0.13	0.17	0.33	0.25	1.30	1.80	0.00

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表 3 研究区表层土壤中重金属污染程度占比

Table 3. The proportion of heavy metal pollution in the surface soil of the study area %

评价等级	单项污染指数评价结果								内梅罗综合污染指数评价结果
评价等级	As	Cd	Cr	Cu	Pb	Ni	Zn	Hg	内梅罗综合污染指数评价结果
无污染	100.00	21.31	100.00	98.36	52.46	100.00	31.15	90.16	14.29
轻微污染	—	6.56	—	—	32.79	—	24.59	9.84	4.76
轻度污染	—	8.20	—	—	1.64	—	3.28	—	4.76
中度污染	—	19.67	—	1.64	3.28	—	18.03	—	9.52
重度污染	—	44.26	—		9.83	—	22.95	—	66.67

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表 4 表层土壤中重金属儿童非致癌健康风险值

Table 4. Non-carcinogenic health risk for children posed form heavy metals in surface soils

采样点	HQ							HI
采样点	As	Cd	Cr	Cu	Pb	Zn	Hg	HI
BT1	0.14	0.08	ND	0.01	0.41	0.01	1.82×10⁻⁶	0.65
BT2	0.41	4.64	0.92	0.10	72.61	0.12	9.63×10⁻⁶	78.80
BT3	0.48	0.49	0.52	0.06	1.32	0.11	1.34×10⁻⁵	2.98
BT4	0.43	0.47	0.27	0.03	0.61	0.12	7.91×10⁻⁶	1.93
BT5	0.30	0.23	0.24	0.02	0.65	0.01	4.51×10⁻⁶	1.47
BT6	0.33	0.40	0.54	0.03	0.59	0.03	9.70×10⁻⁶	1.92
BT7	0.41	0.57	0.65	0.03	0.46	0.02	5.30×10⁻⁶	2.14
BT8	0.34	0.44	0.35	0.03	0.56	0.07	6.68×10⁻⁶	1.80
BT9	0.31	0.42	0.62	0.03	0.54	0.02	7.43×10⁻⁶	1.94
BT10	0.40	0.59	0.71	0.04	0.83	0.11	1.68×10⁻⁶	2.67
BT11	0.37	2.64	0.84	0.05	0.78	0.09	8.12×10⁻⁶	4.77
BT12	1.41	4.30	0.87	0.06	0.77	0.11	1.00×10⁻⁵	7.52
BT13	0.83	4.35	0.00	0.04	0.56	0.05	3.48×10⁻⁶	5.84
BT14	1.28	4.32	0.95	0.04	0.54	0.05	3.61×10⁻⁶	7.18
BT15	1.16	0.03	1.19	0.04	0.27	0.01	3.13×10⁻⁶	2.70
BT16	1.58	0.02	1.19	0.04	0.25	0.01	1.65×10⁻⁶	3.08
BT17	0.37	0.59	1.41	0.05	0.59	0.12	1.63×10⁻⁶	3.13
BT18	0.19	0.16	0.11	0.01	0.55	0.01	4.13×10⁻⁶	1.03
ST1	0.54	0.02	0.95	0.03	0.29	0.01	4.16×10⁻⁶	1.84
ST2	0.33	0.32	0.92	0.04	0.62	0.01	2.06×10⁻⁶	2.24
ST3	0.56	1.08	1.09	0.09	6.39	0.10	8.02×10⁻⁶	9.29
注：ND表示该点位无儿童非致癌健康风险值.

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表 5 经口暴露途径下As、Cr、Cd和Pb在神经系统、肾脏、血液和睾丸中二元证据权重因子(B)的赋值结果

Table 5. Assignment of binary evidence weighting factors (B) of As、Cr, Cd and Pb in the neurological, renal, hematological, and testicular toxicity under oral exposure pathway

相互作用	神经系统	肾脏	血液	睾丸
协同作用	0.50 (Pb + As)0.50 (As + Pb)0.75 (Cr + As)		0.75 (Cr + As)	0.71 (Pb + Cd)0.71 (Cd + Pb)
拮抗作用	−0.50 (As + Cr)	−0.50 (Pb + As)−0.50 (As + Pb)−0.50 (Cr + As)−0.50 (As + Cr)	−0.50 (Pb + As)−0.50 (As + Pb)−0.50 (As + Cr)	−0.50 (As + Cr)

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表 6 不同地区土壤中重金属生物可给性的统计结果

Table 6. Statistical results of heavy metal bioavailability in soil in different regions

国家或地区	As	Cd	Pb	Cr	数据来源
美国	17.00%～32.00%	22.00%～89.00%	3.00%～59.00%	—	文献[21]
中国东莞市	10.00%～25.00%	—	—	—	文献[50]
法国北部地区	—	52.50%	17.20%	2.60%	文献[51]
中国八省份¹⁾	1.10%～22.20%	4.60%～67.50%	0.30%～23.50%	0.30%～49.50%	文献[52]
中国北京市	0.41%～0.77%	—	11.37%～39.03%	12.21%～16.67%	文献[53]
中国西北地区	—	26.32%～64.32%	41.81%～46.41%	2.37%～17.48%	文献[54]
中国北京市	—	—	—	17.51%	文献[55]
中国浙江省	—	10.19%～23.10%	0.60%～2.69%	—	文献[56]
加纳	1.30%～40.00%	4.20%～67.00%	4.10%～57.00%	—	文献[57]
中国广西壮族自治区	0.04%～0.07%	0.01%～0.03%	2.91%～9.40%	0.04%～0.06%	文献[58]
中国大连市、湖南省、广西壮族自治区	10.77%～51.46%	—	—	—	文献[59]
中国大连市、湖南省、广西壮族自治区	—	—	54.50%	—	文献[60]
注：1)中国八省份表示广西壮族自治区、湖南省、内蒙古自治区、江西省、辽宁省、浙江省、陕西省和贵州省.

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