生物活性物质改善水环境中重金属对生物的不利影响及其机制

李云霞; 滕苗苗; 周凌峰; 孙嘉祺; 赵李辉; 赵文甜; 吴丰昌

doi:10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2023.03.01

生物活性物质改善水环境中重金属对生物的不利影响及其机制

doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2023.03.01

李云霞^{1, 2,},
滕苗苗^2, ,,
周凌峰²,
孙嘉祺^{1, 2},
赵李辉²,
赵文甜³,
吴丰昌^{1, 2, ,}

1.
北京科技大学能源与环境工程学院，北京　100083
2.
中国环境科学研究院，环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室，北京　100012
3.
中国农业大学理学院，北京　100193

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目(No.2021YFC3201000)；国家自然科学基金项目(No.42207335)

详细信息

作者简介:
李云霞（1998-），女，河南周口人，liyunxia98027@163.com

通讯作者:
②滕苗苗(1990-)，女，山东兖州人，助理研究员，博士，主要从事环境污染物的毒理学研究和风险评估研究，tengmiao0603@163.com

①吴丰昌(1964-)，男，浙江衢州人，中国工程院院士，研究员，博士，主要从事湖泊污染控制理论技术与应用及水质基准与风险评估研究，wufengchang@vip.skleg.cn

中图分类号: X171
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-08-01
- 修回日期: 2023-02-13

Bioactive Substances Ameliorate Adverse Effects of Heavy Metals on Organisms in Aquatic Environments and Its Mechanism

LI Yunxia^{1, 2
,},
TENG Miaomiao^{2
, ,},
ZHOU Lingfeng²,
SUN Jiaqi^{1, 2},
ZHAO Lihui²,
ZHAO Wentian³,
WU Fengchang^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
3.
College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China

Funds: National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2021YFC3201000)；National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.42207335)

摘要

摘要: 重金属具有高毒性和不可降解等特点，对水生生物的生长、繁殖等产生危害，进而影响水生态系统的平衡. 最近研究表明，自然环境中存在多种生物活性物质，或通过人工添加的方式改善重金属对生物的不利影响. 这些研究对认识水环境中的自然净化、生态修复与水生态健康评估具有重要价值，但目前对生物活性物质改善作用的总结和深入机理研究还较少. 因此，本文调查并总结了多种生物活性物质对水生生物重金属胁迫的改善作用，研究其可能的改善机制. 对水生植物而言，生物活性物质主要通过调节植物抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽(AsA-GSH)循环、叶黄素循环以及维持植物光合色素平衡来改善重金属毒性；对于水生动物，生物活性物质主要通过缓解氧化应激、螯合重金属离子和维持肠道健康来减轻重金属毒性. 因此，本文能为预防和改善水环境中重金属对生物的不利影响提供支持，并为进一步研究重金属的自然修复技术、污染控制及水质改善等方面提供科学依据，对水产养殖中生物的日常管理、生态系统的风险评估具有重要的指导价值.
- 重金属 /
- 生物活性物质 /
- 改善 /
- 水生生物 /
- 氧化应激
Abstract: Heavy metals are highly toxic and non-degradable, which pose a great threat to the growth and reproduction of aquatic organisms and then affect the balance of aquatic ecosystems. Recent studies show that there are many bioactive substances in the natural environment, and the adverse effects of heavy metals on organisms can be ameliorated by artificial addition. These studies are of great value for understanding the natural purification, ecological restoration and water ecological health assessment in the water environment, but at present, there are few summaries and in-depth mechanism studies on the amelioration of bioactive substances. Therefore, this study investigates and summarizes the amelioration effects of bioactive substances on heavy metal stress of aquatic organisms, and studies their possible amelioration mechanisms. For aquatic plants, bioactive substances mainly ameliorate the toxicity of heavy metals by regulating the ascorbic acid-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle and xanthophyll cycle, and maintaining the balance of photosynthetic pigments in plants. For aquatic animals, bioactive substances mainly reduce the toxicity of heavy metals by alleviating oxidative stress, chelating heavy metal ions and maintaining intestinal health. This study can provide support for preventing and ameliorating the adverse effects of heavy metals on organisms in aquatic environments, and provide scientific basis for further research on the natural remediation technology, pollution control and water quality improvement, which has important guiding value for daily management of organisms in aquaculture and risk assessment of ecosystems.
- heavy metals /
- bioactive substances /
- ameliorate /
- aquatic organisms /
- oxidative stress

HTML全文

图 1 生物活性物质对重金属诱导的水生植物毒性的改善机制

注：红点代表重金属，绿点代表生物活性物质. 红色和绿色箭头分别代表重金属和生物活性物质引起的相关指标的升高或降低. 实线和虚线分别代表重金属和生物活性物质引起的一系列作用.

Figure 1. Ameliorated mechanisms of bioactive substances on the toxicity of aquatic plants induced by heavy metals

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图 2 生物活性物质对重金属引起水生动物氧化应激的改善机制

注：红点代表重金属，绿点代表生物活性物质. 红色、绿色箭头分别代表重金属和生物活性物质引起的相关指标的升高或降低，黑色箭头代表相关指标的动态变化. 红色闪电代表危害，绿色盾牌代表改善、防御.

Figure 2. Ameliorated mechanisms of bioactive substances on oxidative stress of aquatic animals caused by heavy metals

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图 3 生物活性物质对重金属的螯合机制

注：蓝色圆球代表重金属. 水滴代表生物活性物质. 红色和绿色箭头分别代表重金属和生物活性物质引起的相关指标的变化.

Figure 3. Chelating mechanism of bioactive substances to heavy metals

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图 4 益生菌对重金属引起水生动物肠道损伤的改善机制

注：红点代表重金属. 红色和绿色箭头分别代表重金属和益生菌引起相关指标的变化；黑色箭头代表相关指标的动态变化. 红色和绿色细菌分别代表有害菌和有益菌.

Figure 4. Ameliorated mechanisms of probiotics on intestinal injury of aquatic animals caused by heavy metals

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表 1 生物活性物质对重金属毒性的改善效应

Table 1. Amelioration of bioactive substances on toxic effects of heavy metals

污染物	污染物剂量(暴露方法和持续时间)	物种	生物活性物质	生物活性物质剂量(暴露方法和持续时间)	改善效应	数据来源
Pb	0.112 mg/L(水体，24 h)	草鱼肾细胞	VC	10.56、14.08、17.6、21.12、24.64 mg/L(水体，24 h)	增强细胞活力	文献[23]
	7.34 mg/L(水体，70 d)	尼罗罗非鱼	VE	200 mg/kg(饮食，70 d)	调节与氧化应激相关酶的表达	文献[24]
	7.34 mg/L(水体，70 d)	尼罗罗非鱼	Se	4 mg/kg(饮食，70 d)	调节与氧化应激相关酶的表达	文献[24]
	1 mg/L(水体，28 d)	尼罗罗非鱼	植物乳杆菌CCFM8661	10⁸ CFU/g(饮食，28 d)	改善氧化应激，恢复消化酶的活性，逆转先天免疫参数的改变，减少外周血红细胞核的异常	文献[25]
	1 mg/L(水体，42 d)	鲤鱼	罗伊氏乳酸杆菌P16	10⁸ CFU/g(饮食，42 d)	降低死亡率和组织积累，提高生长性能，改善氧化应激，逆转血液生化参数的改变，改善先天免疫参数,恢复肠道酶活性，逆转肠道微生物群的变化	文献[26]
	10 mg/kg(饮食，7 d)	日本沼虾	牛磺酸	15 000 mg/kg(饮食，7 d)	改善氧化应激	文献[27]
	1 mg/L(水体，1-5 d)	斑马鱼	绿原酸及其类似物	35.431 mg/L绿原酸、新绿原酸以及17.716 mg/L隐绿原酸(水体，1~5 d)	改善氧化应激、自噬以及发育神经毒性	文献[28]
Cd	5 mg/L(水体，45 d)	尼罗罗非鱼	VC	500 mg/kg(饮食，45 d)	调节肝脏抗氧化基因的转录，抑制病理损伤	文献[29]
	5 mg/L(水体，28 d)	尼罗罗非鱼	Se	1 mg/kg(饮食，28 d)	促进生长性能，提高免疫和抗氧化能力，抑制病理损伤	文献[30]
	1 mg/L(水体，28 d)	尼罗罗非鱼	植物乳杆菌CCFM8610	10⁸ CFU/g(饮食，28 d)	促进生长性能，缓解组织氧化应激，逆转血液生化参数的变化，调节肠道微生物区系	文献[31]
	2.24 mg/kg(腹腔注射，4 d)	草鱼	VE	20 mg/kg(腹腔注射，4、8、12、16 d)	降低Cd含量，减轻组织损伤，降低凋亡百分比和恢复免疫相关基因的转录表达	文献[32]
	2.24 mg/kg(腹腔注射，4 d)	草鱼	MT	2.1 mg/kg(腹腔注射，4、8、12、16 d)	降低Cd含量，减轻组织损伤，降低凋亡百分比和恢复免疫相关基因的转录表达	文献[32]
	0.336、1.12 mg/L(水体，2、7、14 d)	斑马鱼	聚天冬氨酸	25 mg/L(水体，2、7、14 d)	降低肝脏和脑中的Cd含量，改善氧化应激和细胞凋亡，减轻神经毒性	文献[33]
	40 mg/kg(饮食，30 d)	虹鳟鱼	Se	10、40 mg/kg(饮食，30 d)	降低Cd含量，改善氧化应激和形态计量学损伤	文献[34]
	0.05、0.1、0.5 mg/L(水体，14 d)	华溪蟹	Zn	0.1、1 mg/L(水体，14 d)	改善睾丸氧化应激和抗氧化状态来减轻生殖毒性	文献[8]

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续表 1
污染物	污染物剂量(暴露方法和持续时间)	物种	生物活性物质	生物活性物质剂量(暴露方法和持续时间)	改善效应	数据来源
Cd	1、2 mg/L(水体，28 d)	异育银鲫	蜡样芽胞杆菌	10⁸ CFU/g(饮食，28 d)	减少血液中的Cd积累，调节血液生化参数和免疫相关基因表达	文献[35]
	0.5 mg/L(水体，56 d)	鲤鱼	凝结芽孢杆菌SCC-19	10⁷、10⁸、10⁹ CFU/g(饮食，56 d)	改善氧化应激，改变肠道微生物群多样性和组成，降低病原体的丰度，并增加有益菌的丰度	文献[36]
	0.5 mg/L(水体，60 d)	鲤鱼	凝结芽孢杆菌SCC-19	10⁸ CFU/g(饮食，60 d)	提高生长性能，减少组织积累，恢复非特异性免疫和抗氧化能力	文献[37]
	300 mg/kg(饮食，42 d)	褐点石斑鱼	葡萄籽原花青素	400、800 mg/kg(饮食，42 d)	提高生长性能、钙磷水平、消化酶活性和肠道抗氧化能力	文献[38]
	10 mg/L(水体，5 d)	菹草	钕	5、10、15、20 mg/L(水体，5 d)	提高水生植物体内的光合色素含量、保护酶系统和维持体内矿质元素含量的平衡	文献[39]
	10 mg/L(水体，5 d)	伊乐藻	钕	5、10、15、20 mg/L(水体，5 d)	提高水生植物体内的光合色素含量、保护酶系统和维持体内矿质元素含量的平衡	文献[39]
Cr	5.2、7.8 mg/L(水体，4 d)	念珠藻鱼腥藻	吲哚-3乙酸	0.057 mg/L(水体，4 d)	降低Cr积累和活性氧水平，调节色素系统、光合作用、提高抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽循环的效率	文献[6]
	5.2、7.8 mg/L(水体，4 d)	念珠藻鱼腥藻	激动素	0.002 mg/L(水体，4 d)	降低Cr积累和活性氧水平，调节色素系统、光合作用、提高抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽循环的效率	文献[6]
	120、240 mg/kg(饮食，28 d)	草鱼	沙葱黄酮	40 mg/kg(饮食，28 d	降低Cr的积累，降低组织中的丙二醛含量和炎症蛋白的表达，增加紧密连接蛋白的表达	文献[40]
Cu	0.038、0.077 mg/L(水体，56 d)	矛尾复鰕虎鱼	Fe	0.063 mg/L(水体，56 d)	减轻脂肪沉积	文献[41]
	0.7 mg/L(水体，4 d)	草鱼	谷氨酸	8 000 mg/kg(饮食，56 d)	减轻Cu诱导的肠细胞氧化损伤	文献[42]
	0.32 mg/L(水体，70 d)	黄颡鱼	Zn	3.2mg/L(水体，70 d)	促进脂噬，减轻脂质积累	文献[43]
Hg	0.05 mg/L(水体，21 d)	尼罗罗非鱼	β-胡萝卜素	0、40、100 mg/kg(饮食，21 d)	降低免疫抑制应激反应	文献[44]
Fe	9.5 mg/L(水体，56 d)	斑点叉尾鮰	VC	143、573 mg/kg(饮食，56 d)	改善氧化应激，改善组织病理学变化	文献[45]
Ag	1.5 mg/L(水体，10 d)	斑马鱼	VE	100、200、400 mg/kg(饮食，10 d)	减轻细胞损伤，改善氧化应激和免疫抑制	文献[46]
Al	2.73 mg/L(水体，28 d)	罗非鱼	植物乳杆菌CCFM639	10⁸ CFU/g(饮食，28 d)	降低死亡率和组织积累，恢复相关生化参数的变化，减轻肝脏改善氧化应激和组织病理学变化	文献[47]

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