山东省植物源挥发性有机物排放特征

赵丹青; 伦小秀; 王强; 吴鞠; 王璇; 冯如帆

doi:10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2023.05.06

山东省植物源挥发性有机物排放特征

doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2023.05.06

北京林业大学环境科学与工程学院，北京　100083

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(No.42077454)；大气重污染成因与治理攻关项目(No.DQGG202126)

详细信息

作者简介:
赵丹青（1997-），女，山东临沂人，zhaodanqing@bjfu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
伦小秀(1975-)，女，山东潍坊人，教授，博士，博导，主要从事大气污染控制研究，lunxiaoxiu@bjfu.edu.cn

中图分类号: X610
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-02-12
- 修回日期: 2023-05-08

Emission Characteristics of Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds in Shandong Province

College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China

Funds: National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.42077454); National Research Program for Key Issues in Air Pollution Control, China (No.DQGG202126)

摘要

摘要: 山东省夏季主要大气污染物为臭氧(O₃)，植物源挥发性有机物(BVOCs)作为O₃生成的重要前体物，其排放量的准确计算将在大气污染防治中起到重要作用. 本文对山东省9个优势树种降雨前后的BVOCs排放速率和相关气象因子进行实地监测，采用G95光温模型-遥感叶生物量校正法，结合树种蓄积量信息，计算得到山东省BVOCs排放总量. 结果表明：①山东省2021年BVOCs总排放量为256 837.21 t，排放物质以异戊二烯(25.75%)和含氧VOCs(36.61%)为主，单萜烯(18.20%)、倍半萜烯(5.83%)和其他VOCs(13.61%)相对较少. ②森林和农田是主要的BVOCs排放源，排放量占比分别为58.81%和32.07%. ③BVOCs排放量较大的4个城市分别为临沂市(11.92%)、潍坊市(9.81%)、济南市(9.53%)和烟台市(9.09%). ④针叶树种侧柏(Platycladus orientalis)、赤松(Pinus densiflora)，阔叶树种白蜡(Fraxinus chinensis)、刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia)、杨树(Populus tomentosa)、栎树(Quercus mongolica)、柳树(Salix babylonica)7个树种BVOCs排放速率在降雨后均显著降低，降幅在20.71%~93.94%之间. 研究显示，山东省夏季BVOCs排放量较高，具有明显的季节性特征；降雨可不同程度地降低植被BVOCs排放量，夏季O₃污染高发期可通过人工降雨或洒水降低O₃前体物浓度，削减O₃生成.
- 植物源挥发性有机物(BVOCs) /
- 排放量 /
- 山东省 /
- 降雨影响
Abstract: Ozone (O₃) is the main air pollutant in Shandong Province in summer. As an important precursor of O₃ formation, accurate calculation of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) emissions will play an important role in the prevention and control of air pollution. In this study, the BVOCs emission rate and related meteorological factors of 9 dominant trees in Shandong Province before and after precipitation were monitored. G95 light-temperature model-remote sensing leaf biomass correction method was used in combination with tree stock information. The total amount of BVOCs emissions in Shandong Province was calculated. The results showed that: (1) The total emission of BVOCs in Shandong Province in 2021 was 256,837.21 t, the main emissions were isoprene (25.75%) and oxygen containing VOCs (36.61%). Monoterpene (18.20%), sesquiterpene (5.83%) and other VOCs (13.61%) were relatively low. (2) Forests and farmland were the main sources of BVOCs emissions, accounting for 58.81% and 32.07%, respectively. (3) The four cities with the largest BVOCs emissions were Linyi (11.92%), Weifang (9.81%), Jinan (9.53%) and Yantai (9.09%). (4) The BVOCs emission rates of coniferous species Platycladus orientalis, Pinus densiflora, broad-leaved species (Fraxinus chinensis), Robinia pseudoacacia, poplar (Populus tomentosa), oak (Quercus Linn) and willow (Salix babylonica) decreased significantly after precipitation (20.71%-93.94%). The study shows that the BVOCs emissions in summer in Shandong Province are high, with obvious seasonal characteristics. Rainfall can reduce the vegetation BVOCs emissions to varying degrees. The concentration of O₃ precursors can be reduced by artificial rainfall or watering in the peak period of O₃ pollution in summer.
- biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) /
- emission amount /
- Shandong Province /
- influence of precipitation

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图 1 动态顶空采样装置

Figure 1. Dynamic headspace sampling installation diagram

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图 2 山东省11种优势树种BVOCs排放的林龄占比

Figure 2. The age distribution of BVOCs emission from 11 dominant tree species in Shandong Province

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图 3 森林和农田BVOCs排放量的月变化情况

Figure 3. The monthly variation of BVOCs emissions from forest and farmland

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图 4 降雨前后山东省优势树种BVOCs排放速率

Figure 4. BVOCs emission rate of dominant tree species in Shandong Province before and after precipitation

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表 1 采样环境条件

Table 1. Environment condition during sampling period

项目		采样日期	采样时段	空气湿度/%	温度/℃	PAR/[μmol/(m²∙s)]	土壤湿度/%	降雨量/mm
侧柏	雨前	2022-07-20	10:00—11:00	34.47	35.3	185.40	39.9	—
侧柏	雨后	2022-07-08	10:00—11:00	63.20	27.2	441.00	59.2	28.5
白蜡	雨前	2022-08-10	10:00—11:00	32.60	31.9	210.67	29.3	—
白蜡	雨后	2022-08-22	10:00—11:00	49.60	32.2	473.30	58.4	22.8
刺槐	雨前	2022-08-10	14:00—15:00	49.60	31.9	210.67	27.3	—
刺槐	雨后	2022-08-23	14:45—15:45	54.20	26.3	151.57	56.5	19.1
黑松	雨前	2022-08-11	10:00—11:00	63.67	31.2	1 136.78	60.9	—
黑松	雨后	2022-08-16	10:00—11:00	59.29	30.8	699.00	65.5	9.8
杨树	雨前	2022-08-03	11:00—12:00	15.40	33.4	1 048.56	38.9	—
杨树	雨后	2022-08-15	14:00—15:00	66.43	25.6	236.67	61.3	9.8
赤松	雨前	2022-10-22	10:00—11:00	46.30	20.3	881.00	45.3	—
赤松	雨后	2022-10-22	11:00—12:00	72.43	24.5	486.67	63.9	18.7
栎树	雨前	2022-07-15	15:09—16:09	17.37	32.1	863.89	32.7	—
栎树	雨后	2022-08-17	14:45—15:45	68.70	26.6	136.23	55.9	16.9
油松	雨前	2022-08-12	14:00—15:00	16.70	22.6	182.27	28.9	—
油松	雨后	2022-08-18	14:00—15:00	68.45	22.1	1 491.33	58.7	16.9
柳树	雨前	2022-09-26	10:05—11:05	17.80	29.2	195.00	30.7	—
柳树	雨后	2022-10-17	10:00—11:00	59.90	19.6	207.67	60.5	15.7

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表 2 山东省BVOCs排放清单

Table 2. BVOCs emission inventory of Shandong Province

植被类型	植被类型	排放量/t
植被类型	植被类型	异戊二烯	单萜烯	倍半萜烯	含氧VOCs	其他VOCs	合计
阔叶树种	杨树	38 458.08	4 103.71	6 337.92	23 059.24	7 543.32	79 502.26
	其他软阔	10 542.32	894.54	7.03	10.72	894.54	12 349.15
	刺槐	4 076.15	243.18	0.00	2 407.07	188.89	6 915.29
	栎类	2 278.19	146.04	1 212.37	1 350.29	315.48	5 302.37
	其他硬阔	1 990.56	118.76	0.00	1 175.48	92.24	3 377.04
	山杨	2 469.09	18.47	0.47	23.67	70.84	2 582.53
	柳树	735.32	139.62	22.04	152.41	425.09	1 474.48
	泡桐	350.75	145.56	129.75	249.01	382.32	1 257.39
	板栗	16.79	1 096.22	2.04	21.62	115.80	1 252.47
	榆树	7.94	48.65	19.26	23.58	48.65	148.08
	核桃	66.01	0.00	4.58	0.00	57.25	127.84
	水曲柳	102.35	4.96	0.01	0.14	14.05	121.52
	银杏	12.94	50.83	0.15	0.23	22.83	86.97
	白蜡树	0.00	9.02	5.20	43.98	13.55	71.75
	柿树	8.28	21.46	0.40	0.06	6.07	36.28
	桉树	13.38	2.03	0.07	0.66	1.02	17.16
	楝树	0.48	0.09	0.01	11.09	1.33	13.00
	黄波罗	0.28	9.56	0.02	0.18	0.00	10.04
	椴树	3.41	3.38	0.03	0.33	0.30	7.46
	杜仲	3.65	0.55	0.01	0.02	0.69	4.93
	枫香	3.22	0.98	0.01	0.11	0.03	4.34
	胡桃楸	0.00	1.50	0.00	0.18	0.05	1.74
	漆树	0.32	0.03	0.00	0.00	0.03	0.38
	樟木	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.36	0.00	0.37
	白桦	0.05	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.05	0.10
	厚朴	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.03	0.00	0.04
	栓皮栎	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.02

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续表
植被类型	植被类型	排放量/t
植被类型	植被类型	异戊二烯	单萜烯	倍半萜烯	含氧VOCs	其他VOCs	合计
针叶树种	黑松	0.00	15 192.38	1 890.56	3 225.68	487.49	20 796.11
	柏木	0.00	5 118.29	2 796.61	1 896.60	598.20	10 409.71
	赤松	0.00	2 584.47	311.15	265.19	38.18	3 198.98
	油松	0.00	1 405.07	57.27	134.50	16.54	1 613.38
	其他松类	92.81	73.93	12.46	1.71	73.93	254.85
	樟子松	0.81	6.80	1.35	8.51	27.36	44.82
	其他杉类	7.84	27.44	0.51	3.20	0.39	39.38
	水杉	0.48	5.83	2.69	1.61	4.03	14.63
	火炬松	0.04	0.68	0.44	1.99	3.41	6.57
	华山松	0.04	3.15	0.20	0.31	1.53	5.24
	乔松	0.00	0.42	0.15	0.07	0.05	0.68
	高山松	0.00	0.18	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.19
	落叶松	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01
农田	玉米	401.12	6 539.92	965.13	23 842.94	7 468.83	39 217.93
	小麦	272.38	4 796.68	707.87	17 487.52	5 477.99	28 742.45
	花生	66.42	1 066.23	157.35	3 887.23	1 217.68	6 394.91
	豆类	25.91	414.93	61.23	1 512.73	473.86	2 488.67
	棉花	20.10	342.18	50.50	1 247.51	390.78	2 051.07
	薯类	17.69	290.90	42.93	1 060.55	332.22	1 744.29
	谷类	18.01	282.04	41.62	1 028.24	322.10	1 692.00
	油菜	0.50	7.73	1.14	28.19	8.83	46.39
灌木		3 866.11	1 508.92	130.37	8 802.40	6 811.26	21 119.06
草地		213.35	7.99	2.88	1 071.14	995.52	2 290.87
合计		66 143.18	46 735.35	14 975.78	94 038.28	34 944.61	256 837.21

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表 3 山东省各地级市2021年BVOCs排放量

Table 3. BVOCs emissions from prefecture-level cities in Shandong Province in 2021

城市	排放量/t
城市	异戊二烯	单萜烯	倍半萜烯	含氧VOCs	其他VOCs	合计
济南市	6 634.64	4 297.38	1 636.67	8 047.31	3 694.85	24 488.13
青岛市	4 682.99	5 546.51	1 065.52	6 039.20	2 067.16	19 544.77
淄博市	3 960.88	2 614.99	926.09	4 590.72	1 998.02	14 169.22
枣庄市	1 236.03	1 212.84	543.29	2 623.53	944.35	6 605.89
东营市	1 059.16	561.00	146.84	2 012.53	800.28	4 598.99
烟台市	5 733.53	5 840.07	1 286.65	7 072.93	3 354.12	23 356.41
潍坊市	7 965.00	3 316.18	1 670.75	8 852.89	3 085.06	25 208.22
济宁市	3 910.60	1 939.57	861.40	6 702.99	2 264.51	15 863.45
泰安市	3 767.92	3 218.44	986.34	4 669.17	1 488.03	14 267.98
威海市	2 300.46	3 556.42	603.94	2 224.00	786.49	9 487.97
日照市	3 529.27	1 731.33	667.90	3 212.59	1 239.03	10 500.16
临沂市	8 640.40	5 956.16	2 088.35	10 107.19	3 426.06	30 618.21
德州市	3 650.07	1 981.07	758.77	7 735.12	2 525.22	16 835.75
聊城市	2 719.37	1 477.39	550.05	5 748.92	1 879.06	12 505.41
滨州市	2 602.21	1 166.09	411.43	4 468.77	1 487.04	10 231.73
菏泽市	3 537.30	2 311.92	768.92	8 859.28	2 909.82	18 554.90

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表 4 山东省BVOCs排放量估算研究比较

Table 4. Comparison of studies on estimation of BVOCs emissions in Shandong Province

研究范围	研究时段	研究方法	植被数据	标准排放因子	BVOCs排放总量/(10³ t/a)	数据来源
山东省	2021年	森林蓄积量	43树种	实测、国内外观测数据	256.84	该研究
山东省	2016年	森林蓄积量	16树种	国内外观测数据	198.00	文献[36]
山东省	2010年	MEGAN 2.04	遥感	模型自带	194.30	文献[37]
山东省	2018年	MEGAN 2.1	遥感 (仅分植被类型)	等级制，无详细树种	325.60	文献[38]
全国	2005—2016年	MEGAN 3.0	遥感	模型自带	169.17(2005—2016年山东省年均排放量)	文献[39]
全国	2002年	森林蓄积量	抽样调查	国内外观测数据	411.70(山东省)	文献[40]

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表 5 各树种BVOCs排放速率与环境因子的相关系数

Table 5. Correlation coefficient between BVOCs emission rate of each tree species and environmental factors

环境因子	BVOCs排放速率
环境因子	栎树	杨树	柳树	白蜡	槐树	赤松	油松	黑松	柏树
光照	0.833^**	0.754^*	−0.878^**	−0.878^**	0.878^**	0.058	0.941^***	−0.657	−0.543
温度	0.878^**	0.812^**	0.878^**	−0.878^**	0.926^***	0.293	−0.698	−0.679	1.000^***
土壤湿度	−0.878^**	−0.878^**	−0.878^**	−0.878^**	−0.878^**	0.293	−0.878^**	−0.683	−0.878^**
空气湿度	−0.878^**	−0.928^***	−0.878^**	−0.880^**	−0.880^**	−0.293	0.880^**	0.213	−0.878^**
注：*、、*分别代表1%、5%、10%的显著性水平.

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