Correlation Characterization of PM2.5 and O3 Pollution in a Typical City in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region
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摘要: 近年来，PM2.5-O3复合污染已经成为我国空气污染的主要特征，为深入探究京津冀地区复合污染的防控特性，本文以衡水市为例，基于2021年5月—2022年9月衡水市大气环境监测超级站的观测资料，根据污染物浓度对研究日进行分类，并重点探究不同污染类型及不同光化学水平下PM2.5与O3的关联性特征. 结果表明：①在2021年5月—2022年9月衡水市污染类型中，清洁日(低浓度PM2.5-低浓度O3)占比最大，达48.3%. ②日均PM2.5/CO(二者浓度之比，下同)的季节性变化趋势呈冬季(0.09)>春季(0.08)>秋季(0.06)>夏季(0.04)的特征，春季大气氧化性较强. ③随着光化学活性水平的提高，PM2.5浓度、PM2.5/CO以及PM2.5中二次气溶胶的比例均有所增加. ④PM2.5与O3协同增长时段主要发生在风速为1.3~1.8 m/s、温度为25.8~32.1 ℃、相对湿度为34.3%~60.5%的气象条件下，集中发生在轻度光化学活性水平(52.9%)情况下，说明低风速、高温和低湿情况有利于PM2.5-O3复合污染的发生，轻度光化学活性水平下可促进PM2.5中二次气溶胶的生成. 研究显示，O3促进PM2.5中二次组分的生成，而气象条件也是导致PM2.5-O3复合污染的重要因素之一.Abstract: In recent years, PM2.5-O3 pollution has become a major feature of air pollution in China. This study took Hengshui City as an example to investigate the prevention and control characteristics of composite pollution in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region. Based on the observation data of Hengshui Atmospheric Environment Monitoring Super Station from May 2021 to September 2022, the study days were classified according to pollutant concentration, and the correlation between PM2.5 and O3 under different pollution types and photochemical levels was explored. The results showed that: (1) From May 2021 to September 2022, Hengshui City had the largest proportion of clean days (low PM2.5-low O3) (48.3%). (2) The daily average ratio of PM2.5/CO in Hengshui showed a seasonal trend of winter (0.09) > spring (0.08) > autumn (0.06) > summer (0.04), with strong oxidation in spring. (3) PM2.5 concentration, PM2.5/CO, and the proportion of secondary aerosols in PM2.5 increased with increasing level of photochemical activity. (4) The synergistic growth periods mainly occurred when wind speed was 1.3-1.8 m/s, temperature was 25.8-32.1 ℃, and relative humidity was 34.3%-60.5%. The largest proportion of hours with synergistic growth events occurred at mild photochemical activity (52.9%). This indicated that low wind speed, high temperature, and low humidity were favorable for the occurrence of PM2.5-O3 composite pollution. The formation of secondary aerosols in PM2.5 could be enhanced at lower levels of photochemical activity. This study indicated that O3 promoted the formation of secondary components in PM2.5, and meteorological conditions were also one of the important factors leading to PM2.5-O3 composite pollution.
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Key words:
- PM2.5 /
- O3 /
- photochemical activity /
- synergistic growth
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图 1 2021年5月—2022年9月衡水市PM2.5-O3污染类型天数月分布情况
Figure 1. Monthly distribution of PM2.5-O3 pollution type days in Hengshui City from May 2021 to September 2022
图 2 2021年6月及2022年5月、6月、9月衡水市PM2.5和O3浓度的时间序列及日廓线变化情况
Figure 2. Time series plots and daily profile changes of PM2.5 and O3 in Hengshui City in June 2021 and May, June and September 2022
图 3 2021年6月和2022年5月、6月、9月及2021年5月—2022年9月衡水市出现同向增长事件的PM2.5和O3小时浓度散点图
Figure 3. Scatterplots of daily hourly PM2.5 and O3 concentrations in Hengshui City for June 2021, May, June and September 2022 and May 2021 to September 2022 for days with same direction growth
图 4 2021年5月—2022年9月衡水市PM2.5/CO月分布情况及季节性变化趋势
Figure 4. Monthly average PM2.5/CO distribution and seasonal variation in Hengshui City from May 2021 to September 2022
图 5 2022年4—9月衡水市不同光化学反应活性下PM2.5、O3浓度以及PM2.5/CO的日变化情况
Figure 5. Daily average changes in PM2.5, O3 and PM2.5/CO at different photochemical reactivity in Hengshui City from April to September 2022
图 6 2022年4—9月衡水市不同光化学活性水平的天数分布以及不同月份和不同光化学活性水平下的协同增长小时数分布
Figure 6. Distribution of days with different photochemical activity and distribution of hours of synergistic growth in different months and at different levels of photochemical activity in Hengshui City from April to September 2022
图 7 衡水市4—9月PM2.5-O3协同增长时段的气象条件
Figure 7. Weather conditions during the synergistic growth period from April to September in Hengshui City
图 8 衡水市4—9月PM2.5中一次和二次气溶胶浓度占比及不同光化学活性水平下的分布情况
Figure 8. Percentage of primary and secondary aerosol concentrations in PM2.5 and their distribution at different photochemical activity levels in Hengshui City from April to September
表 1 日大气光化学活性水平划分标准
Table 1. Classification criteria for daily atmospheric photochemical activity levels
日大气光化学活性水平 分类依据 低光化学活性水平 O3,max<100 μg/m3 轻度光化学活动水平 100 μg/m3≤O3,max<160 μg/m3 中度光化学活动水平 160 μg/m3≤O3,max<200 μg/m3 高度光化学活性水平 O3,max≥200 μg/m3 
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表 2 2021年5月—2022年9月衡水市PM2.5与O3污染类型统计结果
Table 2. Statistical table of PM2.5 and O3 pollution types in Hengshui City from May 2021 to September 2022
污染类型 出现天数/d 出现频率/% 清洁日 250 48.3 污染日Ⅰ 70 13.5 污染日Ⅱ 45 8.7 污染日Ⅲ 153 29.5
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表 3 2021年6月及2022年5月、6月、9月衡水市PM2.5与O3同向增长时间统计结果
Table 3. Statistical table of the same direction growth time of PM2.5 and O3 in Hengshui City in June 2021 and May, June and September 2022
日期 同向增长时段 2021年6月6日、7日、16日、30日 14:00—17:00 2022年5月2日、3日、4日、5日、6日、9日、29日、31日 07:00—11:00 2022年6月7日、8日、11日、21日 12:00—19:00 2022年9月1日、4日、18日 07:00—12:00
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