地下水回补环境污染风险研究进展

贾永锋; 尚长健; 廉新颖; 臧永歌; 冯帆; 席北斗; 姜永海

doi:10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2023.07.01

地下水回补环境污染风险研究进展

doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2023.07.01

贾永锋^{1, 2,},
尚长健^{1, 2},
廉新颖^{1, 2},
臧永歌^{1, 2},
冯帆^{1, 2},
席北斗^{1, 2},
姜永海^{1, 2, ,}

1.
中国环境科学研究院，环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室，北京　100012
2.
中国环境科学研究院，国家环境保护地下水污染模拟与控制重点实验室，北京　100012

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目(No.2019YFC1806204)；国家自然科学基金项目(No.41907178)

详细信息

作者简介:
贾永锋(1988-)，男，安徽舒城人，副研究员，博士，主要从事地下水环境研究，jia_yongfeng@163.com

通讯作者:
姜永海(1975-)，男，黑龙江齐齐哈尔人，研究员，博士，博导，主要从事地下水污染修复治理研究，jiangyhcraes@hotmail.com

中图分类号: X523；P641
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- 文章访问数: 278
- HTML全文浏览量: 61
- PDF下载量: 92
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-01-01
- 修回日期: 2023-06-13
- 网络出版日期: 2023-07-03

Environmental Pollution Risks Related to Managed Aquifer Recharge: A Review

JIA Yongfeng^{1, 2
,},
SHANG Changjian^{1, 2},
LIAN Xinying^{1, 2},
ZANG Yongge^{1, 2},
FENG Fan^{1, 2},
XI Beidou^{1, 2},
JIANG Yonghai^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
2.
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China

Funds: National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2019YFC1806204); National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.41907178)

摘要

摘要: 地下水回补是缓解水资源危机保障水资源利用弹性的有效方式. 科学认识多水源多路径回补潜在的环境污染风险是地下水安全可持续回补的关键. 地下水回补过程对污染物具有降解作用，但也存在直接与次生污染的双重风险. 直接污染来源于回补水及回补场地地表污染源，主要污染组分为氮磷营养盐、有机碳、盐分、有机污染物/新污染物、病原菌等，次生污染一是来源于回补后含水层氧化还原、溶解沉淀、吸附解吸等条件变化导致沉积物矿物背景组分的释放，二是水位抬升导致包气带残留污染的淋溶释放，常见的污染指标有As、Mn、硝酸盐等. 对于回补水质标准的限定，以及地表污染源的管理是防范直接污染的主要措施，而对于水源的预处理，场地地球化学条件与水源组分的合理匹配，回补水位阈值的科学调控是防止地下水次生污染的关键. 未来应进一步增强新污染物及非常规毒理性组分在入渗过程中的迁移转化特征研究、含水层矿物成分与回补水源耦合作用的长期效应研究以及多组分协同去除效应的优化回补工艺等研究，以保障不同回补条件下的地下水环境安全.
- 地下水回补 /
- 新污染物 /
- 次生污染 /
- 氧化还原 /
- 风险评估
Abstract: Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) is an effective way to alleviate the water resource crisis and is of great significance for improving the flexibility of water use. A scientific understanding of the environmental risks that multi-water sources and multi-pathways of MAR can bring is the key to ensure the sustainable MAR. Managed Aquifer Recharge has a significant degradation effect on pollutants, but it also has dual risks of direct and secondary pollution. The direct pollution mainly comes from the recharge water and the surface pollution sources of the recharge sites. The main pollution components are nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients, organic carbon, salt, organic pollutants/emerging pollutants, pathogenic bacteria, etc. The first source of secondary pollution is the release of background components of aquifer sediments due to changes in conditions such as redox, dissolution/precipitation, and adsorption/desorption after recharge. The other is the leaching of residual pollution in the vadose zone caused by the rising groundwater table. The common pollution indicators are As, Mn, nitrate. The main measures to prevent direct pollution are the limitation of water quality standards for MAR and the management of surface pollution sources. For the pretreatment of water source, the reasonable matching of site geochemical conditions and water source components, and the scientific regulation of groundwater table threshold are the keys to prevent secondary pollution of MAR. In future research, it is necessary to further enhance the research on the migration and transformation mechanism of emerging pollutants and unconventional toxic components during recharge process, the long-term coupling effect of mineral components in aquifers and recharge water sources, and the optimization of recharge processes for multi component synergistic removal effects in order to ensure the safety of groundwater environment under different recharge conditions.
- managed aquifer recharge /
- emerging pollutants /
- secondary pollution /
- redox condition /
- risk assessment

HTML全文

图 1 不同地下水回补方式示意^[15]

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of different MAR ways^[15]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 地下水回补后影响区域示意^[16]

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of affected area after MAR^[16]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 地下水回补过程中不同类型污染风险示意

注：a表示直接污染型，即回补水等来源的地表污染组分穿透包气带直接污染地下水. b表示次生污染型，一是含水层氧化还原、溶解沉淀、吸附解吸等环境条件改变造成沉积物中组分的释放；二是水位抬升导致包气带污染物被淋溶释放造成地下水污染.

Figure 3. Schematic diagram of different types of groundwater pollution risk during MAR

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 回补水源中Ca、Mg离子强度差异导致地下水中As的解吸释放^[60]

Figure 4. Groundwater arsenic release caused by desorption due to the varied Ca and Mg content in recharge water during MAR^[60]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 自然和河岸过滤系统剖面地球化学变化示意以及有机、无机碳含量的变化^[17]

注：(a)(b)(c)图中蓝色代表氧化条件以及相应出现的溶解氧和被氧化的铁锰；箭头代表自然状态的降水入渗及河岸过滤的水位波动造成地下氧化还原条件的发生，伴随着离开河岸方向有机碳(DOC)的消耗，无机碳(DIC)含量上升.

Figure 5. Proﬁle of geochemical changes along a natural and bank ﬁltration ﬂow path as well as variation trend of DOC and DIC^[17]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 地下水回补次生污染风险识别与诊断技术框架

Figure 6. Technical framework for identification and diagnosis of secondary pollution risk of MAR

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 地下水回补过程中主要污染组分特征

Table 1. The Occurrence of Main Groundwater Pollutants during MAR

污染组分类型	主要污染方式	国内外案例
盐分	直接/次生污染型	再生水回补区域易出现，再生水盐分输入地下水中^[4]；中国石家庄滹沱河回补区由于河道残留垃圾等导致地下水出现盐分污染^[25]；易出现在干旱半干旱地区，回补后地下水位抬升过高会导致蒸发浓缩作用增强，出现盐渍化现象
N、P营养元素及有机碳	直接/次生污染型	中国北京潮白河河道回补区氮污染^[26]；美国科罗拉多州河道回补场地人为源磷污染^[7]；澳大利亚珀斯市深度处理再生水回补场地含水层沉积物磷释放污染^[27]
重(类)金属组分(砷、铁和锰、其他微量元素)	次生污染型	美国佛罗里达州再生水回补场地As释放^[13,28]；以色列、荷兰、加拿大等国家回补场地Mn释放现象^[17,29-30]
氟	次生污染型	英国韦塞克斯回补工程F释放污染^[31]；澳大利亚珀斯市深度处理再生水回补场地氟释放污染^[27,32]
有机污染物(微量有机污染源、抗生素、个人护理用品等)	直接污染型	我国15个再生水回补场地，地下水中共检出20种抗生素及13种抗性基因^[33]；西澳大利亚地区，回补地下水发现多种抗生素^[34]；荷兰Lek河RBF回补，地下水15种有机污染物长期存在^[35]
病原微生物	直接污染型	欧洲3个再生水利用场地(西班牙Sabadell市、意大利Nardo镇、比利时Veurne地区)，地下水中贾第鞭毛虫、隐孢子虫等病原微生物具有高检出率^[36]
注：直接污染型表示回补水源及回补场地来源的地表污染物；次生污染型，一是来源于含水层沉积物中的微量元素组分，多为重(类)金属类、氟等，回补后地下氧化还原、溶解平衡、蒸发浓缩等环境条件改变导致相关组分释放进入地下水或在地下水中富集；二是来源于包气带中残留的污染物，在回补水入渗包气带或地下水位上升后被淋溶或浸泡释放.

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