Variation of Disinfection By-Product Precursors during Anaerobic-Anoxic-Oxic-Membrane-Bioreactor (AAO-MBR) Process in the Sewage Treatment Plant
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摘要: 为探究DBPs（消毒副产物）前体物在污水处理过程中的变化情况，采用超滤膜和XAD大孔吸附树脂将AAO-MBR工艺沿程出水中DOM（溶解性有机物）进行分离，并利用3D-EEM（三维荧光光谱）对分离前后水样进行表征，同时测定DBPFP（消毒副产物生成势）.结果表明：①沉砂池出水具有较低的C-DBPFP（含碳消毒副产物生成势）；经过AAO和MBR后，由于微生物代谢作用生成的疏水性SMPs（微生物代谢产物）类物质（为主要的C-DBPs前体物质）包含较多不饱和键，导致C-DBPFP增加.②沉砂池出水的N-DBPFP（含氮消毒副产物生成势）较低，但经过AAO后生成的小分子物质（为主要的N-DBPs前体物）导致N-DBPFP增加；经过MBR后由于SRT（污泥停留时间）和污泥浓度的增加造成小分子物质减少，致使N-DBPFP降低.③市政污水经过AAO后，C-DBPs和N-DBPs前体物分别增加了90.9%和7.3%；而MBR具有较高的DOC去除率（74.4%），去除了56.8%的C-DBPs前体物和78.1%的N-DBPs前体物.研究显示，AAO-MBR工艺对市政污水中C-DBPs和N-DBPs前体物有较好地去除效果.Abstract: In order to investigate the change of disinfection by-product (DBP) precursors during the sewage treatment process, dissolved organic matter (DOM) of the effluents during the AAO-MBR process was separated with ultrafiltration membrane and XAD adsorption resin, then characterized with 3D-EEM spectra. The DBPFP of effluents and their separated fractions were further evaluated in this study. The results showed that C-DBPFP of the grit chamber effluent was low, the AAO and MBR processes could increase C-DBPFP significantly. SMPs produced by microbial metabolism during the AAO and MBR processes was the major C-DBP precursors. The grit chamber effluent also displayed low N-DBPFP. The AAO process led to the increase in N-DBPFP mainly due to the production of small molecule SMPs. The MBR process could result in the decrease in N-DBPFP comparing to the AAO process, by reducing small molecule SMPs with long SRT and high sludge concentration. In all, the AAO process would obviously enhance C-DBP and N-DBP precursors by 90.9% and 7.3%, respectively. However, the MBR process could remove 74.4% DOC, resulting in 56.8% C-DBP precursor and 78.1% N-DBP precursor removal. Therefore, AAO-MBR had a respectable removal effect on C and N-DBPs precursors in the municipal sewage.
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图 1 AAO出水和MBR出水各组分的3D-EEM光谱
Figure 1. Excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy of each fractions for AAO effluent and MBR effluent
图 4 不同分子量组分和亲疏水性组分对C-DBPFP的贡献率
Figure 4. MW fractions and Polarity fractions contributions for C-DBPFP
图 5 不同分子量组分和亲疏水性组分对N-DBPFP的贡献率
Figure 5. MW fractions and Polarity fractions contributions for N-DBPFP
表 1 水质参数
Table 1. The water quality parameters
出水类别 ρ(DOC)/
(mg/L)ρ(DTN)/
(mg/L)ρ(NH4+-N)/
(mg/L)ρ(NO3--N)/
(mg/L)ρ(NO2--N)/
(mg/L)pH UV254/cm 沉砂池出水 63.27±3.27 25.00±3.21 17.90±2.11 1.08±0.28 0.01±0.01 7.18±0.12 0.17±0.02 AAO出水 46.85±2.23 7.95±1.57 1.92±0.52 5.88±0.71 0.06±0.01 7.21±0.21 0.25±0.03 MBR出水 13.01±1.67 10.95±1.39 0.50±0.13 6.82±0.57 0.01±0.01 7.31±0.13 0.15±0.02 
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表 2 分离前后组分的水质指标
Table 2. Characteristics of the wastewater samples and each fractions
出水类别 参数 分离前原水 分子量组分 亲疏水性组分 ＞100 ku 30~100 ku 10~30 ku 5~10 ku 1~5 ku ＜1 ku HPI HPO TPI 沉砂池出水 ρ(DOC)/(mg/L) 64.13 18.08 11.88 9.24 8.38 6.35 10.21 44.97 13.91 3.15 占比/% — 28.19 18.52 14.41 13.07 9.90 15.92 72.50 22.42 5.08 AAO出水 ρ(DOC)/(mg/L) 47.78 3.87 4.02 2.14 7.64 9.25 18.31 25.53 28.97 5.20 占比/% — 8.56 8.89 4.73 16.89 20.45 40.48 42.76 48.53 8.71 MBR出水 ρ(DOC)/(mg/L) 12.21 2.17 0.89 1.32 1.01 2.42 2.54 10.60 11.90 2.72 占比/% — 20.97 8.60 12.75 9.76 23.38 24.54 42.03 47.18 10.79
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表 3 水样出水3D-EEM的FRI参数、标准体积(φ)和体积占比(P)
Table 3. FRI parameters for operationally defined 3D-EEM regions and volumetric (φ) and percentage (P) values for 3D-EEM analysis of the wastewater samples
FRI参数 φi, n/105 Pi, n/% EEM区域 激发-发射面积/nm2 MFi 沉砂池出水 AAO出水 MBR出水 沉砂出水 AAO出水 MBR出水 Ⅰ 5 000 0.157 28.93 31.22 87.26 67.67 65.46 47.97 Ⅱ 6 250 0.210 2.17 2.84 8.96 6.34 5.96 5.95 Ⅲ 2 500 0.083 10.39 12.53 49.72 24.30 26.29 33.03 Ⅳ 16 675 0.550 0.72 1.09 4.60 1.67 2.30 3.05 合计 30 175 1.000 42.75 47.68 150.53 100.00 100.00 100.00
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