Species Sensitivity and Application in Ecotoxicology and Water Quality Criterion for Gobiocypris rarus
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摘要: 物种敏感性分析是水质基准及生态毒理学研究的关键环节，稀有鮈鲫（Gobiocypris rarus）作为我国鲤科鱼类的代表性受试鱼种，其对环境污染物的敏感性受到了国内外广泛关注.通过搜集稀有鮈鲫急性毒性数据，使用物种敏感度分布法比较分析稀有鮈鲫对15种典型环境污染物的敏感性，主要包括重金属（Zn2+、Cu2+、Cr6+、Hg2+）、VOCs（三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯、甲苯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯）、苯胺类有机物（对氯苯胺、3，4-二氯苯胺）、含氯消毒剂（三氯异氰尿酸）和农药类有机物（毒死蜱、丁草胺、乙草胺、三唑酮），并对稀有鮈鲫在水质基准和生态毒理学研究中作为本土受试生物的适用性进行了讨论.结果表明：稀有鮈鲫对各类环境污染物的敏感性普遍较高（平均累积概率为46%），尤其对重金属和农药类有机物反应灵敏，其中对农药类有机物最为敏感（平均累积概率为26%），表明稀有鮈鲫可作为潜在的水质基准研究的受试生物和水质监测指示生物.在鱼类敏感性排序中，鲤科鱼类对各类环境污染物较为敏感，其中小型鲤科鱼类——稀有鮈鲫在鱼类敏感性排序中位置稳定，对大多数污染物的敏感性超过斑马鱼、黑头呆鱼、日本青鳉等国际标准试验鱼种，并且具有本土性、易人工繁育、生物背景清晰等优点，表明稀有鮈鲫是现阶段我国水质基准及生态毒理学研究的潜在本土受试生物.Abstract: Species sensitivity analysis plays a key role in the study of water quality criteria (WQC) and ecological toxicology. As a representative fish species of Cyprinidae in China, the sensitivity of Gobiocypris rarus to environmental pollutants has attracted wide attention in China and abroad. Species sensitivity of G. rarus to 15 typical environmental pollutants, including heavy metals ((zinc(Ⅱ), copper(Ⅱ), chromium(Ⅵ) and mercury(Ⅱ)), volatile organic compounds (trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, toluene and dibutyl phthalate), aniline organic compounds (p-chloroaniline and 3, 4-dichloroaniline), chlorine disinfectant (trichloroisocyanuric acid), and pesticides (chlorpyrifos, butachlor, acetochlor and triadimefon) was compared and analyzed based on acute toxicity data from published literatures. The applicability of G. rarus as native testing organism in the study of WQC and ecological toxicology was discussed. The results showed that:G. rarus was generally sensitive to various environmental pollutants (average cumulative probability, 46%), especially to heavy metals and pesticides, and it was more sensitive to pesticides (average cumulative probability, 26%). G. rarus could be used as a potential testing organism for WQC and an indicator organism of water quality monitoring. Cyprinidae fish was sensitive to various environmental pollutants in total fish sensitivity distribution. As a small cyprinidae fish, G. rarus had a stable position in total fish sensitivity rank, and it was more sensitive than some international standard testing fishes such as Danio rerio, Pimephales promelas and Oryzias latipes to most pollutants. The nativity, easy artificial breeding and clear biological background of G. rarus indicated that it could be used as a potential native testing organism in the study of ecological toxicology and WQC in China.
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图 1 稀有鮈鲫对不同污染物的敏感性排序
Figure 1. Sensitivity distribution of G. rarus to different pollutants
表 1 稀有鮈鲫对不同污染物敏感性排序
Table 1. Sensitivity distribution of G. rarus to different pollutants
污染物 全部物种敏感性 鱼类敏感性 排序 累积概率/% 排序物种数 排序 累积概率/% 排序物种数 Zn2+ 110 50 220 42 45 93 Cu2+ 133 38 349 35 26 132 Cr6+ 107 78 137 34 62 54 Hg2+ 34 23 147 4 8 49 三氯乙烯 1 6 17 1 20 4 四氯乙烯 11 79 13 7 78 8 甲苯 18 67 26 9 60 14 邻苯二甲酸二丁酯 12 80 14 8 80 9 对氯苯胺 6 60 9 5 63 7 3, 4-二氯苯胺 10 59 16 3 43 6 三氯异氰尿酸 6 50 11 5 45 10 毒死蜱 63 47 133 6 14 41 丁草胺 10 26 37 10 50 19 乙草胺 2 17 11 2 40 4 三唑酮 3 13 23 3 19 15 
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