石油烃在非均质包气带中的吸附作用及迁移规律

薛镇坤; 左锐; 王金生; 陈敏华; 孟利; 靳超

doi:10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2019.09.05

石油烃在非均质包气带中的吸附作用及迁移规律

doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2019.09.05

薛镇坤^{1, 2,},
左锐^{1, 2, ,},
王金生^{1, 2},
陈敏华^{1, 2},
孟利^{1, 2},
靳超^{1, 2}

1.
北京师范大学水科学研究院, 北京 100875
2.
地下水污染控制与修复教育部工程研究中心, 北京 100875

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 41877181

国家自然科学基金项目 41831283

详细信息

作者简介:
薛镇坤(1995-), 男, 江苏南通人, xzkbjsf@163.com

通讯作者:
左锐(1981-), 男, 安徽枞阳人, 教授级高级工程师, 博士, 博导, 主要从事地下水污染与控制研究, zr@bnu.edu.cn

中图分类号: X53;X172
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-04-25
- 修回日期: 2019-08-29
- 刊出日期: 2020-04-25

Migration of Petroleum Pollutants in Strong Heterogeneous Vadose Zones

XUE Zhenkun^{1, 2
,},
ZUO Rui^{1, 2
, ,},
WANG Jinsheng^{1, 2},
CHEN Minhua^{1, 2},
MENG Li^{1, 2},
JIN Chao^{1, 2}

1.
College of Water Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
2.
Engineering Research Center of Ground Ministry of Education, Beijing 100875, China

Funds:

National Natural Science Foundation of China 41877181

National Natural Science Foundation of China 41831283

摘要

摘要: 为深入分析强非均质性污染场地中石油烃的运移规律，探究石油烃类污染物在场地中的吸附、迁移及其影响因素，选取潮白河上游为典型研究区，受冲洪积扇条件控制，区域内包气带非均质性强，地下水埋深较大.采集污染场地包气带介质样品，分别装填原状土（0~20 mm）、细颗粒（< 2 mm）和粗颗粒（>4 mm）3种介质迁移柱，通过土柱淋滤试验表征石油烃在典型介质中的迁移特性；通过静态吸附试验和微生物降解试验识别石油烃迁移过程的关键影响因素，揭示多要素作用条件下的石油烃迁移规律.结果表明：原状土、细颗粒和粗颗粒这3种介质迁移柱出水中石油烃浓度均呈先下降、后波动上升、最终趋于稳定的趋势.3种介质对石油烃的吸附过程均呈现快吸附和慢吸附两个阶段，快吸附阶段发生在试验0~15 h内，完成了吸附的70%~80%；慢吸附阶段持续时间较长，吸附总量缓慢增加.固液比、温度和pH等要素对3种介质石油烃吸附性能的影响相对较小.微生物降解是慢吸附阶段石油烃浓度呈波动上升的主要原因，且在整个石油烃垂向迁移过程中，吸附作用对石油烃去除的贡献率为80%，微生物降解的贡献率为20%.研究显示，相对于微生物作用而言，强非均匀介质在石油烃类污染场地的污染物吸附和迁移过程中起关键控制作用.
- 土壤石油烃 /
- 包气带 /
- 迁移 /
- 吸附作用 /
- 微生物降解
Abstract: In order to analyze the migration and explore the adsorption, migration and influencing factors of petroleum hydrocarbons in strongly heterogeneous contaminated sites, the upper Chaobai River was selected as a typical research area. Under the control of an alluvial fan, the research area was characterized by strong heterogeneity and deep-groundwater depth. Samples were collected from the vadose zone and a migration column was filled with undisturbed fine and coarse particles. The transport characteristics of petroleum pollutants in typical media were characterized by column leaching experiments. Static adsorption and microbial degradation experiments were carried out to study the important influencing factors of petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants and to reveal the migration under the action of multiple factors in these three media. The migration of petroleum hydrocarbons in the three media decreased initially, fluctuated and then tended to stability. The adsorption process could be divided into a rapid adsorption stage (0-15 h, with 70%-80% adsorption) and a slow adsorption stage with a slow total adsorption. The solid-liquid ratio, temperature and pH had a relatively small effect on the adsorption of petroleum hydrocarbons. Microbial degradation was the main reason for the fluctuation in the slow adsorption stage. In the petroleum hydrocarbon migration process, the contribution from medium adsorption was 80% and microbial degradation was 20%. The results showed that strongly heterogeneous medium rather than microbiological deterioration played a key role in the adsorption and migration of petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants at the site.
- soil petroleum hydrocarbon /
- vadose zone /
- migration /
- soil interception /
- micro-biological degradation

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图 1 研究区实际地层剖面

Figure 1. Stratigraphic image of the study area

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图 2 不同介质各时段出水石油烃浓度与去除率

Figure 2. Effluent concentration and Removal rate of petroleum hydrocarbons in different media

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图 3 柱Ⅰ中石油烃浓度变化规律

Figure 3. Variation law of petroleum hydrocarbon concentration in column Ⅰ

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图 5 柱Ⅲ中石油烃浓度变化规律

Figure 5. Variation law of petroleum hydrocarbon concentration in column Ⅲ

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图 4 柱Ⅱ中石油烃浓度变化规律

Figure 4. Variation law of petroleum hydrocarbon concentration in column Ⅱ

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图 6 3种典型介质吸附动力学曲线

Figure 6. Adsorption kinetics curve of three typical media

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图 7 3种典型介质的热力学吸附曲线

注：温度为15 ℃.

Figure 7. Thermodynamic adsorption curve of three typical media

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图 8 固液比、温度和pH对吸附性的影响

Figure 8. Effect of solid-to-liquid ratio, temperature and pH on adsorption

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图 9 有无灭菌条件下石油烃穿透曲线

Figure 9. Breakthrough curve of petroleum hydrocarbons in both cases

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表 1 淋滤试验土柱及填充介质参数

Table 1. Parameter list of soil column and packing medium for leaching experiment

土柱名称	介质类型	粒度/mm	含量/%	备注
Ⅰ	细颗粒	< 2	100	原状土过分选筛，介质粒径小于2 mm
		< 2	35	过大孔筛，剔除植物根系和难以填充的大颗粒砾石
Ⅱ	原状土	2~20	45
		20	10
Ⅲ	粗颗粒	4~20	33.3	经筛选，取4~20 mm介质与>20 mm介质按1:2比例混合后填充
Ⅲ	粗颗粒	>20	66.7	经筛选，取4~20 mm介质与>20 mm介质按1:2比例混合后填充

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表 2 吸附要素试验条件

Table 2. Settings of adsorption experiment conditions

影响因素	溶液体积/mL	初始质量浓度/(mg/L)	振荡温度/℃	吸附介质质量/g	振荡时间/h	pH
固液比	40	12.712	15	0.2、0.4、1.0、2.0、4.0	24	7
温度	40	12.712	5、15、25、35、45	1.0	24	7
pH	40	12.712	15	1.0	24	3、5、7、9、11

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表 3 微生物降解试验用柱及填充介质参数

Table 3. Parameter list of soil column and packing medium for microbial degradation experiment

土柱编号	柱长/cm	内径/cm	厚度	处理方法	迁移作用
柱A	25	6	8 mm有机玻璃	灭菌(加入HgCl₂)	吸附
柱B	25	6	8 mm有机玻璃	不灭菌	吸附-微生物降解

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表 4 热力学试验数据拟合参数

Table 4. Thermodynamic experimental data fitting parameters

介质	Langmuir等温吸附模型			Freundlich等温吸附模型
介质	K_L/(L/g)	C_m/(mg/L)	R²	K_f	1/n	R²
细颗粒	0.026 02	1.427 44	0.979 99	0.038 36	0.883 68	0.973 87
原状土	0.041 01	0.767 64	0.992 29	0.034 14	0.813 01	0.986 78
粗颗粒	0.030 16	0.66 120	0.983 93	0.021 27	0.855 26	0.979 38
注：K_L为Langmuir等温吸附常数，L/g；K_f为Freundlich等温吸附常数；C _m为吸附平衡时溶液中的石油烃浓度，mg/L；1/n为Freundlich常数；R为相关系数.

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