Water Eco-Environment Protection Framework in the Yangtze River Basin during the 14th Five-Year Plan Period
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摘要: 长江横贯我国东中西部，是我国第一大河，全球第三大河.保护好长江生态环境既是维护区域生态环境安全的基本要求，也是体现国家综合经济实力和扩大全球影响力的必然需求.党的十八大以来，长江流域生态环境保护修复工作成效显著，但在部分区域、领域依然存在突出生态环境问题和治理短板.“十四五”期间，长江流域水生态环境保护工作应以习近平生态文明思想为指引，坚持问题导向、分类施策，坚持源头预防、“三水共治”，在巩固以往好经验、好做法的基础上，认清生态环境保护中长期战略形势，把握好不同区域之间的差异性，以解决人民群众身边的突出水生态环境问题为重点，做好长江流域水生态环境保护顶层设计，推进生态环境治理能力和治理体系现代化，为长江经济带高质量发展打下坚实基础.Abstract: The Yangtze River is the largest river in China and the third largest river in the world. Protecting the ecological environment of the Yangtze River is not only a basic requirement for maintaining regional ecological environment security, but also an inevitable requirement for reflecting the country's comprehensive economic strength and expanding the global influence. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, remarkable achievements have been made in the protection and restoration of the ecological environment in the Yangtze River Basin, but there are still outstanding problems and weak governance in some regions. During the 14th Five-Year Plan Period, the water ecological environment protection work in the Yangtze River Basin should always adhere to the guideline of Xi Jinping's Ecological Civilization Thought, adhere to the problem-oriented, classified policy, adhere to the source prevention and three water co-governance. On the basis of consolidating the past good experience and good practices, we should recognize the medium and long term strategic situation of ecological and environmental protection and grasp the differences between different regions. With the focus on solving the prominent water ecological and environmental problems around the people, we will carry out the top-level design of water ecological and environmental protection in the Yangtze River Basin, promote the modernization of the ecological and environmental governance system and governance capacity, and lay a solid foundation for the high-quality development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.
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图 1 长江水生态环境保护中长期战略路线
Figure 1. Middle and long-term strategic route for water ecological environmental protection of the Yangtze River
表 1 2018年长江经济带各省市相关情况统计
Table 1. Statistics on the relevant situation of the provinces (cities) of the Yangtze River Economic Belt in 2018
省市名称 年末常住
人口1)/
(104人)GDP1)/
(108元)城镇化率1)/
%水库2)/
座水电站2)/
座重要江河湖泊
水功能区水质
达标率3)/%国控断面水环境
质量状况4)县级集中式饮用水水源地环境
保护专项行动问题整治情况6)Ⅰ~Ⅲ类5)
比例/%劣Ⅴ类5)/
%问题数量/
个整治完成
比例/%贵州省 3 600 14 806.5 47.5 2 379 1 443 86.3 96.4 0.0 102 100.0 云南省 4 830 17 881.1 47.8 6 051 1 939 85.4 79.0 10.0 341 100.0 四川省 8 341 40 678.1 52.3 8 148 4 607 92.1 88.5 1.1 99 100.0 重庆市 3 102 20 363.2 65.5 2 996 1 506 86.2 90.5 0.0 116 100.0 湖南省 6 899 36 425.8 56.0 14 121 4 467 95.9 90.0 1.7 163 100.0 湖北省 5 917 39 366.6 60.3 64 59 1 839 91.9 85.1 1.8 83 98.8 江西省 4 648 21 984.8 56.0 10 819 3 692 99.4 92.0 0.0 231 100.0 安徽省 6 324 30 006.8 54.7 5 826 808 80.4 75.2 1.9 76 98.7 浙江省 5 737 56 197.2 68.9 4 334 1 419 93.1 93.2 0.0 182 99.5 江苏省 8 051 92 595.4 69.6 1 079 39 81.6 68.3 1.0 191 99.5 上海市 2 424 32 679.9 88.1 4 0 67.3 90.0 0.0 0 100.0 合计 59 873 402 985.2 59.5 62 216 21 759 — 79.2 1.9 1 584 99.7 注：1)来源于国家统计局《中国统计年鉴2019》；2)来源于各省市第一次水利普查公报；3)来源于水利部2017年度实行最严格水资源管理制度的考核结果；4)来源于中国环境监测总站2018年监测数据；5)参照GB 3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》; 6)来源于生态环境部网站信息公开内容. 
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