Problems and Countermeasures on the Sustainable Development of Environment and Economy for Yangtze River Conservation
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摘要: 实现长江大保护环境与经济可持续发展对打好长江保护修复攻坚战、持续推动长江经济带实现高水平保护和高质量发展具有重要意义.为了系统研究长江大保护的环境与经济可持续性，探索以生态优先、绿色发展为导向的高质量发展新路子，在查阅分析文献资料和对政府相关部门和企业开展实地调研访谈的基础上，梳理长江经济带11省市大保护工作的基本情况，分析环境与经济可持续发展面临的问题与挑战，并提出有针对性的对策建议.结果表明：①当前长江大保护各项工作稳步高效推进，取得了阶段性进展和成效.②长江大保护面临生态环境保护系统性不足、资金缺口大且渠道窄、运营效率低、政策支持力度不足等问题.③建议长江经济带在规划、管理、模式等方面系统推进，拓宽长江大保护资金渠道，增强规模化运营效益，加大对长江大保护的政策支持和倾斜.研究显示，长江大保护虽已取得初步成效，但环境与经济可持续发展形势依然严峻，需要在生态环境系统保护、投融资、项目建设运营、政策支持等方面进一步加强.Abstract: The environmental and economic sustainability of Yangtze River conservation is of great significance for the conservation and restoration of the Yangtze River and to continue to promote high-level protection as well as high-quality development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB). With the aim to systematically investigate the environmental and economic sustainability of Yangtze River conservation, and explore ways of ecological priority and green development, this paper summarizes the protection progress in 11 provinces along the YREB, analyzes the problems and challenges of the environmental and economic sustainability, and puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions based on literature review and field research. The results show that: (1) The periodical progress of Yangtze River conservation has been achieved at present, all related work has been pushed forward steadily and efficiently. (2) The conservation and restoration of the Yangtze River faces challenges such as lack of integrity, large funding gaps, excessively narrow channels, inefficient operation, and defective supporting policy. (3) Some corresponding recommendations are proposed, including systematically promoting the planning, management and pattern of the conservation, broadening the sources of funds, strengthening operational economies of scale, and improving policy support for environmental projects. In conclusion, despite some phased results of Yangtze River conservation have been achieved, the situation of environmental and economic sustainability remains grim, and further efforts are in great need to improve the systematic protection of ecology and environment, investment and financing, project construction and operation, policy support, etc.
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图 1 2008—2017年长江经济带环境污染治理、城市环境基础设施建设、工业污染源治理的投资总额
Figure 1. Total investment in environmental pollution control, urban environmental infrastructure construction and industrial pollution source control in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2008 to 2017
图 2 长江经济带黑臭水体治理情况
注：数据来源于全国城市黑臭水体整治监管平台(http://www.hcstzz.com)，数据截至2019年11月14日.
Figure 2. Urban black odor water governance in the Yangtze River Economic Belt
图 3 长江经济带某市污水处理厂网总体情况
注：一级A、一级B分别表示GB 18918—2002 《城镇污水处理厂排放标准》一级A、一级B标准，其中一级B标准计划提标改造.
Figure 3. Overall situation of sewage plants and pipeline network within a city of the Yangtze River Economic Belt
表 1 长江大保护相关重大政策
Table 1. Major policies related to Yangtze River conservation
发布时间 政策文件名称 发文字号 2014-06-09 国务院办公厅关于印发推进长江危险化学品运输安全保障体系建设工作方案的通知 国办函[2014]54号 2014-09-12 国务院关于依托黄金水道推动长江经济带发展的指导意见 国发[2014]39号 2015-03-26 国务院关于长江中游城市群发展规划的批复 国函[2015]62号 2016-03-25 中共中央政治局审议通过《长江经济带发展规划纲要》 — 2016-05-22 国务院关于长江三角洲城市群发展规划的批复 国函[2016]87号 2017-07-13 原环境保护部、国家发展和改革委员会、水利部关于印发《长江经济带生态环境保护规划》的通知 环规财[2017]88号 2018-01-30 财政部、原环境保护部、国家发展和改革委员会、水利部关于印发《中央财政促进长江经济带生态保护修复奖励政策实施方案》的通知 财建[2018]6号 2018-10-26 国家发展和改革委员会、生态环境部、农业农村部等印发《关于加快推进长江经济带农业面源污染治理的指导意见》的通知 发改农经[2018]1542号 2018-12-31 生态环境部、国家发展和改革委员会关于印发《长江保护修复攻坚战行动计划》的通知 环水体[2018]181号 2018-11-05 生态环境部办公厅关于印发《长江流域水环境质量监测预警办法(试行)》的通知 环办监测[2018]36号 2019-12-01 中共中央、国务院印发《长江三角洲区域一体化发展规划纲要》 — 
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