鄱阳湖入湖河流氮磷水质控制限值研究

王子为; 林佳宁; 张远; 王慧; 钱昶; 陈焰; 夏瑞; 王强; 张晓娇

doi:10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2020.03.45

鄱阳湖入湖河流氮磷水质控制限值研究

doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2020.03.45

王子为^1,,
林佳宁^2, ,,
张远²,
王慧²,
钱昶²,
陈焰²,
夏瑞²,
王强²,
张晓娇²

1.
辽宁大学环境学院, 辽宁沈阳 110036
2.
中国环境科学研究院水环境研究所水生态保护修复研究室, 北京 100012

基金项目:

家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项 2018ZX07601-001-02

家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项 2017ZX07301-001-01

家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项 2018ZX07601-003

详细信息

作者简介:
王子为(1996-), 男, 辽宁阜新人, WWziwei@163.com

通讯作者:
林佳宁(1988-), 女, 山东烟台人, 副研究员, 博士, 主要从事水生态保护技术研究, linjn@craes.org.cn

中图分类号: X524
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-02-04
- 修回日期: 2020-03-28
- 刊出日期: 2020-05-25

Water Quality Limits of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in the Inflow Rivers of Poyang Lake

1.
College of Environmental Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
2.
Water Ecological Protection and Restoration Laboratory, Research Institute of Water Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China

Funds:

National Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment, China 2018ZX07601-001-02

National Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment, China 2017ZX07301-001-01

National Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment, China 2018ZX07601-003

摘要

摘要: 鄱阳湖近年氮磷营养物浓度逐步升高，入湖河流是鄱阳湖氮磷输入的重要途径.采用BATHTUB模型建立了鄱阳湖入湖河流与湖区ρ（TP）、ρ（TN）的响应关系，模拟了入湖河流执行GB 3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》中不同氮磷标准限值对湖区水质的影响，发现当入湖河流ρ（TP）执行河流Ⅲ类标准限值或超过Ⅲ类标准限值时，对应湖区ρ（TP）超标；入湖河流执行Ⅲ类及以上湖泊水质标准限值时，湖区水质可以达到Ⅲ类保护目标，但对入湖河流存在一定的过保护现象.因此，以满足现行湖泊水质达标为情景，以湖泊ρ（TP）、ρ（TN）各类别标准限值为目标，试算了入湖河流氮磷控制限值，提出了鄱阳湖入湖河流的氮磷控制限值建议方案，其中鄱阳湖湖体水质目标为Ⅲ类时，入湖河流ρ（TP）、ρ（TN）控制限值分别为0.075和1.20 mg/L，此时入湖河流氮磷控制限值方案既能保证湖泊水质达标，又不会造成对河流的水质控制过于严格.研究显示，基于湖泊水环境质量达标情况试算的入湖河流氮磷所需控制限值，建议可作为解决入湖氮磷污染控制问题的参考.
- 鄱阳湖 /
- 入湖河流 /
- BATHTUB模型 /
- TN /
- TP /
- 控制限值
Abstract: In recent years, the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in Poyang Lake has gradually increased, and river nutrient input is an important way for nitrogen and phosphorus in Poyang Lake. The BATHTUB model was used to simulate the relationship between TP and TN in the rivers and lake, and the effects of different nutrient standard limits on the water quality of the rivers entering lake. The study found that when ρ(TP) in rivers into Poyang Lake implemented or exceeded Class Ⅲ (Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water(GB 3838-2002) of standard river limits), ρ(TP) in Poyang lake would exceed the standard. When the nutrient in rivers entering Poyang Lake implemented the standard values of lakes of Class Ⅲ and above, it could meet the standards, but there was a certain over-protection phenomenon. Therefore, in order to meet the current lake water quality standards, taking the different standard limits of TP and TN in lake as targets, calculate nutrient control limits for rivers entering lakes, and recommendations for the water quality control limits of the rivers entering Poyang Lake are proposed. The TP and TN control limits of the rivers entering the lake should be 0.075 and 1.20 mg/L respectively if the water quality target of Poyang Lake is Class Ⅲ, which can ensure that the water quality of the lake meets the standards and avoid that the control limits of the rivers are too strict. Studies have shown that the calculated control limits of nitrogen and phosphorus in lakes can be suggested as a reference for solving the problems of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution control in lakes, based on lake water environmental quality standards.
- Poyang Lake /
- inflow river /
- BATHTUB model /
- TN /
- TP /
- control values

HTML全文

图 1 鄱阳湖流域监测点位示意

注：1—吴城修河；2—吴城赣江；3—昌邑；4—塔城；5—梅港；6—赵家湾；7—焦石坝；8—吴城：9—三山；10—老爷庙；11—都昌；12—蚌湖；13—金溪咀刘家；14—南湖村；15—南矶山；16—伍湖分场；17—白沙洲；18—康山；19—莲湖；20—梅溪咀；21—余干.下同.

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of monitoring points in Poyang Lake Basin

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图 2 BATHTUB模型验证期效果

Figure 2. Calibration effect of BATHTUB model

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图 3 鄱阳湖及入湖河流ρ(TP)和ρ(TN)空间分布

Figure 3. The spatial distribution of ρ(TP) and ρ(TN) of Poyang Lake and incoming rivers

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表 1 BATHTUB模型参数

Table 1. BATHTUB model parameters

项目	参数名称
全局	降雨量、蒸发量、水位变化、大气沉降外部负荷
分段	湖区表面积、平均深度、混合层深度、非藻类浊度以及监测水体中ρ(TP)、ρ(TN)、ρ(Chla)、SD
支流	支流流量、监测水体中ρ(TP)和ρ(TN)

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表 2 BATHTUB模型模块选择及系数校正

Table 2. Coefficient correction and the selection of modules in BATHTUB model

参数	模型	因子系数
ρ(TP)	01 Second-order Available-P	0.3
ρ(TN)	01 Second-order Available-N	0.3
ρ(Chla)	02 P, N, Low-Turbidity	0.2
SD	01 Chla & Turbidity	1.0

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表 3 入湖河流执行现行河流标准限值时湖区ρ(TP)模拟结果

Table 3. Simulation results of ρ(TP) in lake area under river standard limits

入湖河流		鄱阳湖湖区
执行河流标准	ρ(TP)/ (mg/L)	模拟ρ(TP)/ (mg/L)	湖泊水质级别
Ⅴ类	0.4	0.160	Ⅴ类
Ⅳ类	0.3	0.136	Ⅴ类
Ⅲ类	0.2	0.104	Ⅴ类
Ⅱ类	0.1	0.065	Ⅳ类
Ⅰ类	0.02	0.018	Ⅱ类
注：Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类、Ⅲ类、Ⅳ类、Ⅴ类均为GB 3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》水质等级.下同.

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表 4 入湖河流执行现行湖泊标准限值时湖区ρ(TP)、ρ(TN)模拟结果

Table 4. Simulation results of ρ(TP) and ρ(TN) in lake area under lake standard limits

入湖河流		鄱阳湖湖区		入湖河流		鄱阳湖湖区
执行湖泊标准	ρ(TP)/ (mg/L)	模拟ρ(TP)/ (mg/L)	湖泊水质类别	执行湖泊标准	ρ(TN)/ (mg/L)	模拟ρ(TN)/ (mg/L)	湖泊水质类别
Ⅴ类	0.2	0.105	Ⅳ类	Ⅴ类	2.0	1.45	Ⅳ类
Ⅳ类	0.1	0.065	Ⅳ类	Ⅳ类	1.5	1.15	Ⅳ类
Ⅲ类	0.05	0.038	Ⅲ类	Ⅲ类	1.0	0.82	Ⅲ类
Ⅱ类	0.025	0.021	Ⅱ类	Ⅱ类	0.5	0.46	Ⅱ类
Ⅰ类	0.01	0.010	Ⅰ类	Ⅰ类	0.2	0.20	Ⅰ类

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表 5 依据湖泊不同保护类别试算的入湖河流ρ(TP)、ρ(TN)模拟结果

Table 5. Simulation results of ρ(TP) and ρ(TN) of inflow lakes based on different protection categories of lakes

鄱阳湖湖区		入湖河流	鄱阳湖湖区		入湖河流
湖泊水质级别	ρ(TP)/(mg/L)	试算的ρ(TP)控制限值/(mg/L)	湖泊水质级别	ρ(TN)/(mg/L)	试算的ρ(TN)控制限值/(mg/L)
Ⅴ类	0.2	0.40	Ⅴ类	2.0	3.10
Ⅳ类	0.1	0.20	Ⅳ类	1.5	2.10
Ⅲ类	0.05	0.075	Ⅲ类	1.0	1.20
Ⅱ类	0.025	0.03	Ⅱ类	0.5	0.55
Ⅰ类	0.01	0.02	Ⅰ类	0.2	0.21

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