Risk and Control Strategy of Internal Phosphorus Release from Sediments in Huayang Lakes
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摘要: 为研究沉积物内源磷释放对浅水湖泊水体总磷的影响，以华阳河湖群为对象，根据不同季节全湖水质监测数据，分析总磷的空间和季节性分布特征；结合沉积物间隙水磷浓度数据，采用浓度梯度扩散模型估算湖泊沉积物内源磷静态释放量；基于2019年在线水质监测站连续数据，分析典型沉积物再悬浮过程内源磷释放对水体总磷贡献及估算其年累积释放量.结果表明：①华阳河湖群现场监测总磷浓度变化范围为0.014~0.297 mg/L，龙感湖与黄大湖总磷浓度空间变幅大于泊湖；②典型再悬浮过程中内源磷动态释放对水体总磷的贡献可达75%，华阳河湖群内源磷的年释放量在1.129×104~1.684×104 t之间；③静态的内源磷年释放量为12.92 t，仅占动态释放量0.1%.研究显示：华阳河湖群总磷浓度时空差异较大，内源磷释放对总磷短期波动具有重要作用，静态释放量对全年内源磷释放量的贡献几乎可以忽略；严格控制入湖营养盐通量的同时，恢复草型湖泊生态系统以控制内源释放已成为解决华阳河湖群水环境问题的重要管理决策方向.Abstract: In order to investigate the effect of internal phosphorus release on total phosphorus concentration in shallow lakes, this article takes Huayang Lakes as the research object, the spatial and seasonal distribution characteristics of total phosphorus were analyzed according to the monitoring data of the whole lakes in different seasons. The amount of static internal phosphorus release in lake sediment was estimated by the concentration gradient diffusion model with phosphorous concentration in pore water and in sediment. The contribution of internal phosphorous release to total phosphorous and annual cumulative release during sediment resuspension process was analyzed based on the time series data on-line water quality monitoring station in 2019. The results showed: (1) The spatial temporal monitored total phosphorus concentration of the Huayang Lakes carried in a range of 0.014-0.297 mg/L, and the spatial variation of total phosphorus concentration in Longgan Lake and Huangda Lake was higher than that in Po Lake. (2) The contribution of dynamic internal release of total phosphorus could reach 75% in a typical resuspension process, and the annual internal phosphorus release in Huayang Lakes was about 1.129×104-1.684×104 t. (3) The static release was about 12.92 t/a, accounting for only 0.1% of the dynamic internal release. This study revealed that the spatial temporal total phosphorus concentration in Huayang Lakes changed remarkably, internal phosphorus release was significance for short-term sequence variation of total phosphorus, and the contribution of static internal phosphorus was limited. Strictly controlling the nutrient flux from rivers into lakes and restoring macrophytic lake ecosystem have become the important measures for solving the water environmental problems of Huayang Lakes.
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图 1 华阳河湖群流域监测点位置
注：L1~L7为龙感湖监测点，H1~H11为黄大湖监测点，P1~P4为泊湖监测点.
Figure 1. Location map of monitoring points in Huayang Lakes
图 2 华阳河湖群总磷浓度季节性分布特征
Figure 2. Seasonal distribution of total phosphorus in Huayang Lakes
图 3 华阳河湖群风速、风向、浊度与总磷浓度随时间变化
注：Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ表示4个典型再悬浮过程.
Figure 3. Temporal variety of wind speed, wind direction, turbidity and total phosphorus in Huayang Lakes
图 4 华阳河湖群风速、风向及风速与总磷浓度的关系
Figure 4. Wind speed, wind direction and correlation between wind speed and total phophorus in Huayang Lakes
图 5 典型再悬浮过程总磷浓度及再悬浮磷对总磷贡献随时间变化
Figure 5. Temporal variety of total phosphorus and contribution of internal phosphorous release during typical resuspension process
图 6 单位面积沉积物内源磷动态释放量及占比
Figure 6. Annual internal phosphorus release per unit area from sediment
表 1 黄大湖、龙感湖、泊湖沉积物-水界面磷扩散速率及日释放通量
Table 1. Phosphorus diffusion rate and daily release flux at the sediment-water interface of Huangda Lake, Longgan Lake and Po Lake
区域 底泥面积/km2 磷扩散速率/[mg/(d·m2)] 日释放通量/t 黄大湖 299.2 0.064 8±0.041 2 0.019 3±0.012 3 龙感湖 420.2 0.025 3±0.028 1 0.008 0±0.008 9 泊湖 180.4 0.045 3±0.041 2 0.008 1±0.004 7 合计 899.8 0.135 4±0.110 5 0.035 4±0.025 9 
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