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长江流域水生态环境安全主要问题、形势与对策

刘录三 黄国鲜 王璠 储昭升 李海生

刘录三, 黄国鲜, 王璠, 储昭升, 李海生. 长江流域水生态环境安全主要问题、形势与对策[J]. 环境科学研究, 2020, 33(5): 1081-1090. doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2020.04.30
引用本文: 刘录三, 黄国鲜, 王璠, 储昭升, 李海生. 长江流域水生态环境安全主要问题、形势与对策[J]. 环境科学研究, 2020, 33(5): 1081-1090. doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2020.04.30
LIU Lusan, HUANG Guoxian, WANG Fan, CHU Zhaosheng, LI Haisheng. Main Problems, Situation and Countermeasures of Water Eco-Environment Security in the Yangtze River Basin[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2020, 33(5): 1081-1090. doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2020.04.30
Citation: LIU Lusan, HUANG Guoxian, WANG Fan, CHU Zhaosheng, LI Haisheng. Main Problems, Situation and Countermeasures of Water Eco-Environment Security in the Yangtze River Basin[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2020, 33(5): 1081-1090. doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2020.04.30

长江流域水生态环境安全主要问题、形势与对策

doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2020.04.30
基金项目: 

长江生态环境保护修复联合研究项目(第一期) No.2019-LHYJ-01

详细信息
    作者简介:

    刘录三(1975-), 男, 山东莒县人, 研究员, 博士, 主要从事水生态监测与修复研究, liuls@craes.org.cn

    通讯作者:

    李海生(1964-), 男, 河北玉田人, 研究员, 博士, 主要从事能源与环境政策、环境影响评价等研究, lihs@craes.org.cn

  • 中图分类号: X32

Main Problems, Situation and Countermeasures of Water Eco-Environment Security in the Yangtze River Basin

Funds: 

Joint Research Project for the Yangtze River Conservation (Phase Ⅰ), China No.2019-LHYJ-01

  • 摘要: 为进一步深化长江流域水生态环境保护的系统性、整体性科学认识,围绕长江水生态环境安全的主要问题及形势进行了剖析,提出了进一步加强长江流域水生态环境安全保障的对策建议.研究表明:在水环境质量方面,磷污染成为制约水质改善的主要影响因素,农业源排放量占比高,但工业源入河对水体的影响更直接,水库群运行带来的水沙条件变化对磷污染沿程演变有明显影响;在水生态健康方面,长江水生生物资源衰退、湖库富营养化格局发生改变、湿地生态功能退化问题突出;在水环境风险方面,化工围江、航运污染风险引起广泛关注.当前长江流域面临着源头区水资源战略储备减少、区域经济发展与生态环境保护双重压力仍较大、水环境质量仍存问题隐患、水生态系统退化态势未得到根本遏制等复杂且严峻的形势,未来长江水生态环境安全保障仍有诸多挑战.建议统筹长江全流域“一盘棋”,推进区域绿色协调发展,强化磷污染点面源综合管控,着力提升水生态健康水平,同时加快水环境风险隐患排查整治,强化科技创新有效供给.

     

  • 图  1  长江干流主要水文控制站的径流、泥沙和总磷通量

    Figure  1.  The Runoff, sediment and total phosphorus fluxes of the main hydrological control stations on the mainstream of the Yangtze River

    图  2  长江经济带11省市和青海省总磷排放量及其来源组成

    Figure  2.  TP discharges and its source composition from 11 provinces (or municipalities) and Qinghai Province in the Yangtze River Economic Belt

    图  3  长江经济带158家省级以上化工园区分布

    Figure  3.  Distribution of 158 chemical industrial parks above the provincial level in the Yangtze River Economic Belt

    图  4  长江经济带COD、氨氮、总氮、总磷、废水排放量库兹涅茨曲线

    注:蓝色竖线为云南省所处位置;绿色竖线为贵州省所处位置;红色为长江经济带上游地区所处位置.

    Figure  4.  The Kuznets curve of COD, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and wastewater discharge in the Yangtze River Economic Belt

    图  5  湖泊总磷浓度削减与藻类生物量变化“四阶段”关系示意

    注:图中红圈范围对应典型湖泊所处阶段.

    Figure  5.  The indication of the 'four stages' relationship between total phosphorus concentration reduction and algae biomass change in lakes

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  • 收稿日期:  2020-04-18
  • 修回日期:  2020-04-25
  • 刊出日期:  2020-05-25

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