村镇建设生态安全评估专题【编者按】:
国家重点研发计划课题“村镇建设生态安全评估与绿色生态建设模式研究”由生态环境部南京环境科学研究所牵头实施, 旨在阐明村镇建设自然生态安全边界及其对产业发展的影响机制、构建基于主导生态功能保护的绿色宜居村镇建设和可持续发展模式、研发重要生态功能区村镇承载力提升方案.本次选择大娄山区水源涵.养与生物多样性保护重要区、黑河中下游防风固沙重要区、长三角大城市群人居保障功能区等, 开展区域生态安全对村镇建设的约束影响和“绿水青山就是金山银山”研究, 提升村镇建设生态空间布局与主导生态功能保护的支撑理论和协同水平.现将部分成果集中发表, 以期为相关研究提供参考.
Spatiotemporal Changes of Vegetation in Chishui River Basin Based on Topographic Position Index
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摘要: 地形因子和植被覆盖是区域灾害评价的关键指标，也是山区型村镇建设生态安全评估的重要内容.为探析山区型村镇建设的生态约束条件，以赤水河流域为研究对象，基于1998—2018年SPOT_VGT NDVI数据，利用地形位置指数（Topographic Position Index，TPI）和坡度位置指数方法，研究了赤水河流域植被生长季NDVI时空变化及地形分异特征.结果表明：①赤水河流域内，1998—2018年植被生长季平均NDVI呈缓慢上升趋势，斜率为0.004 7；NDVI>0.60的集中连片区域主要分布在古蔺县北部、赤水市大部和习水县西北部，占赤水河流域总面积的8.42%；Sen's slope在0.009~0.015区间时，赤水河流域植被生长增强趋势最明显，主要集中分布在赤水河中上游、二道河以及下游的大同河干流地区.②TPI在-39.4~34.3区间的面积最多，为6 221.63 km2，占赤水河流域总面积的34.05%；将赤水河流域坡度类型划分为山脊、上坡、中坡、平坡、下坡、山谷6个坡度位置类型，其中，中坡面积（7 792.02 km2）最大，占流域总面积的42.64%，表明TPI数值较小且坡度大于5°的区域是赤水河流域地形主体.③赤水河流域植被在山脊的平均NDVI最高，为0.747，且山脊平均Sen's slope最高，为0.007 2；山谷平均NDVI最低，为0.709.研究显示，赤水河流域植被分布在118.5~486.9的TPI区间或分布在山脊处时整体生长较好，且生长增强趋势最明显.Abstract: Terrain factors and vegetation coverage are the key indicators for regional disaster assessment, and are important factors for ecological security assessment of mountainous villages and towns. In order to analyze the ecological constraints of the construction of mountainous villages and towns, in this study, the Chishui River Basin was used as an example to analyze the ecological constraints for the construction of mountainous villages and villages, and the topographical variation characteristics of the vegetation was investigated using the 1998-2018 SPOT_VGT NDVI product data, the Topographic Position Index (TPI), and slope position method. The results show that: (1) From 1998 to 2018, the average NDVI value of vegetation growth season showed a slow upward trend with a slope of 0.0047; while the concentrated contiguous areas with NDVI greater than 0.60 were mainly distributed in the northern part of Gulin County, most of Chishui City and northwestern part of Xishui County, accounting for 8.42% of the total area of the Chishui River Basin. When the Sen's slope value was in the range of 0.009 to 0.015, the vegetation in Chishui River Basin had the highest growth trend; these areas were mainly located in the middle and upper reaches of the Chishui River, the mainstream of the Erdao River, and the mainstream of the downstream Datong River. (2) TPI had the largest area in the range of -39.4 to 34.3, which was 6221.63 km2, accounting for 34.05% of the total basin area. The slope types of the Chishui River Basin were divided into six slope position types: ridge, upslope, mid-slope, flat slope, downslope, and valley. Among them, the area of middle slope (7792.02 km2) was the largest, accounting for 42.64% of the total area of the basin, indicating that the slope position area with a smaller TPI value and a slope greater than 5° was the main terrain of the Chishui River Basin. (3) In the Chishui River Basin, the highest average NDVI value of the ridge was 0.747 with the highest average Sen's slope value, up to 0.0072; the average NDVI value of the valley slope position is the lowest, 0.709. Studies show that the vegetation in the Chishui River Basin grows better when distributed in the TPI range of 118.5-486.9 or at the position of the ridge slope, and the growth trend is the strongest.
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Key words:
- Chishui River Basin /
- Topographic Position Index /
- slope position /
- vegetation
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图 1 赤水河流域地形特征和大娄山区位置
Figure 1. The topographical features of the Chishui River Basin and its positional relationship with the Dalou Mountains area
图 2 1998—2018年赤水河流域植被NDVI年际变化及其空间分布
Figure 2. Interannual variation and spatial distribution of vegetation NDVI in Chishui River Basin from 1998 to 2018
图 3 1998—2018年赤水河流域植被Sen′s slope和趋势显著性分级
Figure 3. Sen′s slope and classification of trend significance for vegetation in Chishui River Basin from 1998 to 2018
图 4 赤水河流域TPI和坡度位置空间分布
Figure 4. Spatial distribution of TPI and slope position in Chishui River Basin
表 1 基于TPI的坡度位置划分
Table 1. Division of slope position based on TPI
坡度位置 划分方法 山脊 SD≤TPI 上坡 0.5SD≤TPI <SD 中坡 -0.5SD≤TPI<0.5SD, slope>5° 平坡 -0.5SD≤TPI<0.5SD, slope≤5° 下坡 -SD≤TPI<-0.5SD 山谷 TPI<-SD 注：SD为TPI计算结果的标准差，slope表示绝对数值坡度. 
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表 2 基于TPI的赤水河流域植被生长季NDVI地形分异特征
Table 2. Topographic variation of vegetation NDVI in growing season at Chishui River Basin based on TPI
TPI 面积/km2 面积占比/% 平均NDVI 平均Sen′s slope -407.8~-127.1 1 504.67 8.24 0.723 0.007 3 -127.1~-39.4 4 223.04 23.11 0.715 0.007 1 -39.4~34.3 6 221.63 34.05 0.722 0.007 1 34.3~118.5 4 593.14 25.14 0.736 0.007 2 118.5~486.9 1 728.31 9.46 0.762 0.007 3
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表 3 基于坡度位置的赤水河流域植被生长季NDVI地形分异特征
Table 3. Topographic variation of vegetation NDVI in growing season at Chishui River Basin based on slope position
坡度位置 面积/km2 面积占比/% 平均NDVI 平均Sen′s slope 山脊 1 932.32 10.57 0.747 0.007 2 上坡 3 063.06 16.76 0.737 0.007 1 中坡 7 792.02 42.64 0.725 0.007 1 平坡 551.12 3.02 0.723 0.006 6 下坡 2 928.32 16.03 0.715 0.007 0 山谷 2 006.31 10.98 0.709 0.007 0
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