滇池宝象河流域氮磷流失空间格局解析

严长安; 杜展鹏; 姚波; 雷英; 王凯; 陈静敏; 蒋洪强

doi:10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2020.11.07

滇池宝象河流域氮磷流失空间格局解析

doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2020.11.07

严长安^1,,
杜展鹏¹,
姚波¹,
雷英¹,
王凯¹,
陈静敏¹,
蒋洪强^2, ,

1.
昆明市生态环境科学研究院, 昆明市环境系统模拟与风险评估重点实验室, 云南昆明 650032
2.
生态环境部环境规划院, 国家环境保护环境规划与政策模拟重点实验室, 北京 100012

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 41761093

详细信息

作者简介:
严长安(1986-), 男, 江苏盐城人, 副研究员, 博士, 主要从事环境规划与管理、环境系统模拟研究, ycaandy88@163.com

通讯作者:
蒋洪强(1975-), 男, 重庆人, 研究员, 博士, 主要从事环境规划与政策模拟研究, jianghq@caep.org.cn

中图分类号: X52
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-08-11
- 修回日期: 2020-11-05
- 刊出日期: 2020-12-25

Spatial Pattern Analysis of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Losses in Baoxiang River Watershed of Dianchi Lake

1.
Kunming Key Laboratory of Environmental System Simulation and Risk Assessment, Kunming Institute of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Kunming 650032, China
2.
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Planning and Policy Simulation, Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China

Funds:

National Natural Science Foundation of China 41761093

摘要

摘要: 有效控制氮磷流失量是水质持续改善的关键因素，定量解析流域氮磷流失量对于氮磷污染精准控制至关重要.宝象河作为滇池流域最主要的入湖河流之一，对滇池水质的影响极为重要.该研究基于第二次全国污染源普查数据，建立了宝象河流域高分辨率的氮磷排放清单，通过构建宝象河LODEST模型估算流域氮磷非点源污染入河系数，并对宝象河流域的氮磷流失量及其空间格局进行解析.结果表明：①2018年宝象河流域TN和TP的排放量分别为1 456.92、191.16 t，流域内种植业非点源是最大的污染源，其次是城镇生活点源和未收集点源.②2018年宝象河干海子断面TN和TP的径流通量分别为270.49和11.19 t，非点源入河系数分别为0.297和0.048.③2018年宝象河流域TN和TP流失量分别为432.28和18.57 t，氮磷流失空间格局呈显著的空间异质性，流域内TN和TP流失强度总体呈外高内低的分布，农业污染为主的子流域氮磷流失最为严重.该研究提出的氮磷流失量估算方法较好地揭示了流域氮磷流失空间分布规律，论证了降雨和地形的不均匀性是造成流域氮磷流失量呈显著空间异质性的重要因素.研究成果可为滇池流域入湖污染负荷控制与削减工程提供重要的科学依据，同时能够为宝象河流域水环境的精准控污和精细管理提供有效的决策支撑.
- 排放清单 /
- 氮磷流失 /
- 空间格局 /
- LOADEST /
- 滇池流域
Abstract: Effective control of nitrogen and phosphorus losses is the key factor for sustained improvement of water quality. Therefore, quantitative analysis of nitrogen and phosphorus losses in the basin is very important for precise control of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution. As the second largest inflow river of Dianchi Lake, the Baoxiang River has a very important impact on the water quality of Dianchi Lake. Based on the data of the second national pollution source survey, a high-resolution inventory of nitrogen and phosphorus discharges in the Baoxiang River Watershed was established, the loss rates of N and P non-point source pollution loads were calculated by LOADEST, and the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus losses and their spatial pattern were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) In 2018, the TN and TP discharges in the Baoxiang River Watershed were 1456.92 t and 191.16 t, respectively. The contribution of non-point sources of planting industry was the largest, followed by urban living point sources and non-collected point sources. (2) The annual fluxes of TN and TP of the Baoxiang River Watershed were 270.49 t and 11.19 t, respectively. The loss rates of TN and TP non-point source pollution loads were 0.297 and 0.048, respectively. (3) The annual TN and TP losses in the Baoxiang River Watershed were 432.28 t and 18.57 t, respectively. Spatial heterogeneities of TN and TP losses were obvious. The spatial pattern of TN and TP losses presented overall distribution of high on the outside and low on the inside, and the TN and TP losses in sub-basins dominated by agricultural pollution were the most serious. The results showed that the spatial distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus losses was better revealed by the method proposed in this study, and it was demonstrated that the heterogeneity of rainfall and terrain were important factors that causes the significant spatial heterogeneity of nitrogen and phosphorus losses. The research results can provide an important scientific basis for the pollution load control and reduction project in the Dianchi Lake Basin, and provide effective decision support for precise pollution control and fine management of the water environment in the Baoxiang River Watershed.
- emission inventory /
- N and P loss /
- spatial heterogeneity /
- LOADEST /
- Dianchi Lake Basin

HTML全文

图 1 宝象河流域区位图

Figure 1. Location of Baoxiang River Watershed

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 宝象河子流域划分方案

注：1~8为宝象河子流域编号.

Figure 2. Subbasin delineation of Baoxiang River watershed

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 2018年宝象河各子流域TN和TP排放量及其等标污染负荷比

Figure 3. TN and TP emissions and equiscalar pollution loading in Baoxiang River Watershed

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 宝象河流域TN和TP主要污染源排放量空间格局

Figure 4. Spatial pattern analysis of TN and TP emission in Baoxiang River Watershed

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 2018年宝象河流域TN和TP逐日负荷

Figure 5. Estimated daily fluxes of TN and TP of Baoxiang River Watershed in 2018

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 2018年宝象河流域的TN和TP流失量空间分布特征

Figure 6. The spatial distribution characters of TN and TP losses in Baoxiang River Watershed

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 2018年宝象河流域TN和TP排放清单

Table 1. TN and TP emission inventory of Baoxiang River Watershed in 2018

项目		TN		TP
项目		排放量/t	占比/%	排放量/t	占比/%
点源	城镇生活	642.26	44.08	13.97	7.31
	未收集城镇生活	50.3	3.45	3.64	1.90
	工业	1.87	0.13	0.1	0.05
	规模化畜禽养殖	0.55	0.04	0.06	0.03
非点源	种植业	761.16	52.24	173.29	90.66
非点源	规模以下畜禽养殖	0.78	0.05	0.1	0.05
总计		1 456.92	100	191.16	100

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 氮磷径流通量回归方程检验结果

Table 2. The results of regressive equation for nitrogen and phosphorus fluxes in Baoxiang River Watershed

污染物类型	a₀			a₁			R²	PPCC	SCR	a₂			a₃			R²	PPCC	SCR
污染物类型	标准差	T值	P值	标准差	T值	P值	R²	PPCC	SCR	标准差	T值	P值	标准差	T值	P值	R²	PPCC	SCR
TN	0.027 7	238.31	1.04×10^-80	0.037 8	23.96	1.8×10^-30	0.940 2	0.981 2	0.159 0	0.057 3	-2.42	0.0145	0.0838	-3.85	1.84×10^-6	0.940 2	0.981 2	0.159 0
TP	0.034 8	96.86	1.61×10^-60	0.069 5	13.2	9.4×10^-19	0.785 1	0.924 9	0.095 0	0.140 9	-6.29	3.06×10^-8				0.785 1	0.924 9	0.095 0
注：PPCC为概率曲线相关系数，PPCC值越接近1，表明模型的残差越接近标准正态分布；SCR为残差序列相关系数，SCR值越小，表明残差之间相互独立.

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 宝象河流域TN和TP的非点源入河系数

Table 3. The rate TN and TP loss of non-point pollution in Baoxiang River Watershed

污染物类型	非点源入河系数
污染物类型	平均值	95%下限值	95%上限值
TN	0.297	0.281	0.312
TP	0.048	0.041	0.053

下载: 导出CSV

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