我国农村生活污水污染排放及环境治理效率

王俊能; 赵学涛; 蔡楠; 陈敏敏; 汪浩

doi:10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2020.11.08

我国农村生活污水污染排放及环境治理效率

doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2020.11.08

王俊能^1,,
赵学涛²,
蔡楠^1, ,,
陈敏敏³,
汪浩¹

1.
生态环境部华南环境科学研究所, 广东广州 510530
2.
生态环境部环境规划院, 北京 100012
3.
中国环境监测总站, 北京 100012

基金项目:

第二次全国污染源普查项目 144028000000175027

详细信息

作者简介:
王俊能(1984-), 男, 广东揭阳人, 高级工程师, 博士, 主要从事水环境科学研究, wangjunneng@scies.org

通讯作者:
蔡楠(1966-), 女, 广东汕头人, 研究员, 硕士, 主要从事环境监测研究, cainan@scies.org

中图分类号: X323;F323
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- 文章访问数: 1319
- HTML全文浏览量: 241
- PDF下载量: 360
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-08-10
- 修回日期: 2020-10-31
- 刊出日期: 2020-12-25

Pollution Discharge and Environmental Treatment Efficiency of Rural Domestic Sewage in China

1.
South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510530, China
2.
Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China
3.
China National Environmental Monitoring Center, Beijing 100012, China

Funds:

Second National Census on Pollution Sources, China 144028000000175027

摘要

摘要: 当前我国农村生活污水治理形势依然严峻.利用第二次全国污染源普查成果，分析了我国2017年农村生活污水排放情况，并基于熵值法和数据包络分析（DEA）模型从技术效率、经济效率两个角度对治理效率进行评价.结果表明：①我国农村生活污水中COD排放量约占生活源排放总量的50.8%，NH₃-N、TN和TP排放量分别占生活源排放总量的35.0%、30.5%、38.7%，污水及污染物排放去向以直排入水体、直排入农田和其他途径为主，三者占80%以上.②我国沿海用水量较大地区的水冲式厕所比例超过80%，且农村生活污水有效治理比例仅为11.0%，导致我国农村生活污水治理的技术效率仅为8.6%，且区域差异较大，其中有23个省份小于10%，技术效率普遍较低.③相比浙江省、上海市、山西省、内蒙古自治区、青海省、西藏自治区等地（经济效率均为1），我国其他省份农村生活污水治理的经济效率有很大改善空间.农村生活污水中人均COD排放强度、人均NH₃-N排放强度与农村居民人均可支配收入之间的环境库兹涅茨曲线（EKC）均呈一定的倒“U”型关系，人均TN排放强度、人均TP排放强度与农村居民人均可支配收入之间的EKC则均呈“N”型特征，有波动上升趋势.研究显示，我国农村生活污水治理效率存在较大的提升空间，与城镇相比，农村的环境保护基础设施建设还比较落后，应以源头减量、分类处理、循环利用为导向，加强统筹规划，梯次推进，加快提升我国农村污水治理水平.
- 治理效率 /
- 数据包络分析(DEA) /
- 熵值法 /
- 环境库兹涅茨曲线(EKC) /
- 农村生活污水
Abstract: At present, the situation of rural domestic sewage treatment in China is still severe. Based on the results of the second national census on pollution sources, the situation of rural domestic sewage discharge in 2017 was analyzed and the technical efficiency and economic efficiency of rural domestic sewage pollutant treatment were evaluated with the entropy method and data envelopment analysis (DEA) model. The results showed that COD discharge of rural domestic sewage accounted for 50.8% of the total domestic sewage discharge, while NH₃-N, TN and TP accounted for 35.0%, 30.5% and 38.7% respectively. More than 80% of the pollutants were discharged directly into water bodies, farmland and other ways. Because the effective treatment ratio of rural domestic sewage was only 11.0%, and the areas with more than 80% of flush toilets were mainly located in the coastal areas with high water consumption, the average technical efficiency of rural domestic sewage treatment in China was only 8.6%, and the regional differences among provinces were significant, of which 23 provinces were less than 10%, and the technical efficiency was generally low. Compared with Zhejiang Province, Shanghai City, Shanxi Provence, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Qinghai Provence and Tibet Autonomous Region, where economic efficiency was 1, the economic efficiency of rural domestic sewage treatment in other provinces of China still had great room for improvement. The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) between the per capita pollutant discharge intensity of COD and NH₃-N in rural domestic sewage and the per capita disposable income of rural residents showed a certain inverted-U trend, while the EKC between the per capita pollutant discharge intensity of TN and TP in rural domestic sewage and the per capita disposable income of rural residents showed a N shape with a fluctuating upward trend. This study shows that there is a great potential for improving the treatment efficiency of domestic sewage in rural China. Compared with the urban areas, the rural areas still lag behind in terms of infrastructure for environmental protection, rural sewage treatment must be improved rapidly in the coming years.
- treatment efficiency /
- data envelopment analysis (DEA) /
- entropy method /
- Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) /
- rural domestic sewage

HTML全文

图 1 我国各省份农村生活污水排放情况

Figure 1. Rural domestic sewage discharge in China

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图 2 我国农村生活污水及污染物排放去向构成

Figure 2. Composition of rural domestic sewage and pollutants discharge in China

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图 3 我国各省份农村生活污水治理技术效率

Figure 3. Technical efficiency of rural domestic sewage treatment in China

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图 4 农村生活污水污染物产生强度与水冲式厕所比例的关系

Figure 4. Relationship between pollutant production intensity of rural domestic sewage and the proportion of flush toilets

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图 5 我国各省份农村水冲式厕所比例

Figure 5. Proportion of rural flush toilets in China

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图 6 农村生活污水治理评价矩阵

Figure 6. Evaluation matrix of rural domestic sewage treatment

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图 7 我国各省份农村生活污水治理经济效率

Figure 7. Economic efficiency of rural domestic sewage treatment in China

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图 8 农村生活污水污染物排放强度与人均可支配收入的EKC特征

Figure 8. EKC characteristic of pollutant discharge intensity of rural domestic sewage and per capita disposable income

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图 9 农村生活污水治理效率评价矩阵

Figure 9. Evaluation matrix for rural domestic sewage treatment efficiency

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表 1 我国城乡生活污水污染排放情况

Table 1. Discharge of domestic sewage pollutants in urban and rural areas in China

指标	农村		城镇
指标	排放量/(10⁴ t)	去除率/%	排放量/(10⁴ t)	去除率/%
COD	499.62	8.7	483.82	66.7
NH₃-N	24.50	10.7	45.41	70.2
TN	44.65	7.9	101.87	50.9
TP	3.69	7.7	5.85	68.1

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表 2 我国农村生活污水治理分区

Table 2. Zoning division of rural domestic sewage treatment in China

区域类型	“低收入-低排放”地区	“低收入-高排放”地区	“高收入-低排放”地区	“高收入-高排放”地区
“低旱厕-低治理”	—	江西省、湖北省、湖南省、广西壮族自治区、海南省、重庆市	—	北京市、天津市、江苏省、福建省、山东省、广东省
“低旱厕-高治理”	—	—	浙江省	上海市
“高旱厕-低治理”	河北省、山西省、内蒙古自治区、辽宁省、吉林省、黑龙江省、河南省、贵州省、云南省、西藏自治区、甘肃省、青海省、宁夏回族自治区	安徽省、四川省、陕西省、新疆维吾尔自治区	—	—

下载: 导出CSV

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