呼伦湖砷的时空分布特征及成因分析

车霏霏; 君珊; 陈俊伊; 郭云艳; 王书航; 包文旗

doi:10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2021.01.11

呼伦湖砷的时空分布特征及成因分析

doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2021.01.11

车霏霏^{1, 2,},
君珊^{1, 3},
陈俊伊^{1, 2},
郭云艳^{1, 2},
王书航^{1, 2, ,},
包文旗^{1, 2}

1.
中国环境科学研究院, 湖泊水污染治理与生态修复技术国家工程实验室, 北京 100012
2.
中国环境科学研究院, 国家环境保护湖泊污染控制重点实验室, 北京 100012
3.
内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔生态环境监测站, 内蒙古呼伦贝尔 021008

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 41907335

详细信息

作者简介:
车霏霏(1989-)，女，甘肃玉门人，助理研究员，博士，主要从事湖泊重金属污染过程机理研究，cheff411@126.com

通讯作者:
王书航(1985-)，男，安徽阜阳人，高级工程师，博士，主要从事湖泊水环境研究，wangsh@craes.org.cn

中图分类号: X610
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-11-16
- 修回日期: 2021-01-18
- 刊出日期: 2021-04-25

Spatio-Temporal Distribution and Cause Analysis of Arsenic in Lake Hulun

CHE Feifei^{1, 2
,},
JUN Shan^{1, 3},
CHEN Junyi^{1, 2},
GUO Yunyan^{1, 2},
WANG Shuhang^{1, 2
, ,},
BAO Wenqi^{1, 2}

1.
National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
2.
State Environment Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
3.
Ecological Environment Monitoring Station of Hulunbeir, Inner Mongolia, Hulunbeir 021008, China

Funds:

National Natural Science Foundation of China 41907335

摘要

摘要: 为探究呼伦湖中As（砷）的时空变化格局及成因，分别于春季、夏季、秋季、冬季采集呼伦湖表层水和表层沉积物样品，对As的时空分布及其组成特征进行了调查，并探讨呼伦湖中As的来源及环境因素对水体As分布的影响.结果表明：①呼伦湖水体中ρ（TAs）（TAs为总As）在6.6~87.3 μg/L之间，平均值为47.0 μg/L，其中ρ（DTAs）（DTAs为溶解态TAs）占比为70.6%~99.8%，且As（Ⅴ）（砷酸盐）为主要存在形态.春季、冬季ρ（TAs）平均值高于夏季、秋季，且冬季ρ（TAs）的空间分布与其他3个季节差异明显.②表层沉积物w（TAs）为1.64~15.49 mg/kg，各季节w（TAs）空间分布均呈由西北向东南递减的趋势；w（F1）（F1为可交换态及碳酸盐结合态As）和w（F2）（F2为Fe/Mn氧化物结合态As）在w（TAs）中的占比相对较高，分别为31.7%和30.0%，一定环境条件下F1和F2易向水体迁移，是水体中As的主要来源.③呼伦湖水体pH、冬季冰封、入湖河流等环境因素均可影响水体中As的时空分布，其中冰封引起的沉积物-水界面缺氧环境及污染物浓缩效应是造成冬季湖泊西北沿岸水体ρ（TAs）显著升高的主要原因.研究显示，呼伦湖水体及沉积物中的As均以自然来源为主，其中沉积物释放及环境变化是水体中As时空分布格局的主要影响因素.
- 砷 /
- 时空变化 /
- 组成特征 /
- 环境因素 /
- 呼伦湖
Abstract: In order to explore the spatio-temporal pattern and the cause of arsenic (As) in Lake Hulun, surface water and sediment samples were collected in spring, summer, autumn and winter. The spatio-temporal distribution and component characteristics of As in Lake Hulun were investigated, and the As source as well as the influences of environmental factors on As distribution in water were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) The ρ(TAs) (TAs: total As) in Lake Hulun was between 6.6 and 87.3 μg/L, with an average value of 47.0 μg/L. ρ(DTAs) (DTAs: dissolved TAs) accounted for 70.6%-99.8% of ρ(TAs), and arsenate (As(Ⅴ)) was the dominant species in the water. The average ρ(TAs) in spring and winter was higher than that in summer and autumn, and the spatial distribution of ρ(TAs) in winter was significantly different from the other three seasons. (2) The w(TAs) in the surface sediment ranged from 1.64 to 15.49 mg/kg, and it showed a decreasing spatial distribution from the northwestern to southeastern parts of the lake. There were relatively high proportions of w(F1) (F1: exchangeable and carbonate bound As) and w(F2) (F2: Fe/Mn oxides bound As) to w(TAs) (31.7% and 30.0%, respectively), indicating a high mobility of these As fractions into water under certain environmental conditions. They were the main source of As in water. (3) Environmental factors such as pH value, freezing period and river inflow affected the spatio-temporal distribution of As. Freezing-caused anaerobic environment at the sediment-water interface and the effect of pollutant concentration were the main reasons for the significant increase of ρ(TAs) in the water of the northwest coast of the lake during winter. The arsenic in the water and sediments of Lake Hulun mainly came from natural sources, and the release of As in the sediments and environmental changes were important factors influencing the spatio-temporal distribution of As in the water.
- arsenic /
- spatio-temporal changes /
- component characteristics /
- environmental factor /
- Lake Hulun

HTML全文

图 1 呼伦湖及入湖河流采样点位布设

Figure 1. Sampling sites and location of Lake Hulun and inflowing rivers

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 呼伦湖水体ρ(TAs)的空间分布

Figure 2. Spatial distribution of ρ(TAs) in water of Lake Hulun

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 呼伦湖水体不同季节As形态分布

Figure 3. Distribution of As species in different seasons in water of Lake Hulun

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 呼伦湖表层沉积物w(TAs)的空间分布

Figure 4. Spatial distribution of w(TAs) in surface sediments of Lake Hulun

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图 5 呼伦湖水体ρ(DTAs)与沉积物w(F1)、w(F2)的相关性

Figure 5. Correlations between ρ(DTAs) in water and w(F1) and w(F2) in sediment

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图 6 水体ρ(TAs)时空变化的环境因素影响

Figure 6. Influences of environmental factors on spatio-temporal variation of ρ(TAs) in water

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图 7 呼伦湖表层沉积物中As的稳定度(RAC值)累积频率

Figure 7. Accumulation frequency of As stability (RAC value) in surface sediments of Lake Hulun

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 呼伦湖水体及沉积物物理化学指标

Table 1. Physical and chemical parameters in water and sediments of Lake Hulun

项目	水体		沉积物
项目	ρ(TFe)¹⁾/(μg/L)	pH²⁾	w(TFe)¹⁾/(g/kg)	黏粒占比²⁾/%	粉粒占比²⁾/%	砂粒占比²⁾/%
最大值	162.1	9.7	33.28	22.16	77.00	84.72
最小值	ND³⁾	8.3	3.47	3.03	11.49	6.19
平均值	29.3	9.1	18.25	14.16	58.62	27.43
标准偏差	34.3	0.2	8.41	4.88	17.01	20.68
注：1)为春季、夏季、秋季、冬季测定数据；2)为春季测定数据；3)为未检出.

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 呼伦湖表层沉积物中As化学形态含量及占比

Table 2. Content and proportions of As chemical forms in surface sediments of Lake Hulun

项目	w/(mg/kg)				占比/%
项目	F1	F2	F3	F4	F1	F2	F3	F4
最大值	7.19	4.90	3.95	2.76	56.6	47.1	32.5	37.1
最小值	0.30	0.66	0.34	0.39	11.0	22.4	12.6	3.4
平均值	2.95	2.59	1.98	1.32	31.7	30.0	21.9	16.3
标准偏差	1.66	1.10	1.02	0.69	7.9	4.3	4.3	7.0

下载: 导出CSV

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