Spatial-Temporal Changes of Phosphorus and Its Influential Factors in Lake Hulun
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摘要: 呼伦湖是我国北方第一大湖泊，其水环境质量对区域生态环境调节具有重要影响.针对近年来呼伦湖水体的ρ（TP）超标问题，分别于春、夏、秋、冬四季采集呼伦湖水体样品，结合入湖河流断面多年月均数据对呼伦湖水体ρ（TP）的时空分布、赋存特征、污染来源和影响因素进行分析.结果表明：①秋季、冬季、春季和夏季呼伦湖水体ρ（TP）分别为0.145~0.301、0.090~0.360、0.104~0.434和0.049~0.219 mg/L，总体处于GB 3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》V类水质标准；呼伦湖水体ρ（TP）空间分布上季节性差异显著，冬季呈现湖周高于湖心的特征，秋季呈湖心高于湖周的特征，春季和夏季克鲁伦河入湖河口处ρ（TP）均较高.②冬季与其他3个季节水体磷形态组成差异较大，冬季冰封期以DTP（溶解态磷）为主，ρ（DTP）占ρ（TP）的比例为76.2%，春季、夏季和秋季均以PP（颗粒态磷）为主，其占ρ（TP）的比例分别为55.1%、64.1%和58.9%.③呼伦湖3条入湖河流ρ（TP）表现为克鲁伦河>呼伦沟河>乌尔逊河的特征.研究显示，呼伦湖水体ρ（TP）的主要影响因素为水量变化、冰封、入湖河流输入和底泥再悬浮.Abstract: Lake Hulun is the largest lake in northern China, and the quality of the water environment has an important influence on the ecological environment adjustment of this area. To solve the problem that the total phosphorus content in Lake Hulun exceeds the standard level in the recent years, we collected various water samples from Lake Hulun in spring, summer, autumn and winter. Through the relationship with the monthly monitoring data of the lake section of rivers for many years, we analyzed the spatial-temporal distribution, occurrence characteristics, the source of pollution and the influencing factors of Lake Hulun. The research results show that: (1) The concentration of total phosphorus (TP) in Hulun water was 0.145-0.301 mg/L in autumn, 0.090-0.360 mg/L in winter, 0.104-0.434 mg/L in spring and 0.049-0.219 mg/L in summer, and all were in the range of V grade of Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB 3838-2002). The spatial distribution of TP was obviously different between different seasons. The concentration of TP in the water around the lake was higher than that in the center of the lake in winter, the opposite was true in autumn. and it was higher in the lake estuary of the Kherlen River in spring and summer. (2) The phosphorus concentration in winter was much difference from that in the other three seasons, and dissolved phosphorus was the main form of TP in winter. The content of ρ(DTP) was 76.2% of ρ(TP). However, TP was mainly in particular form in spring, summer and autumn, and ρ(PP) in three seasons was 55.1%, 64.1% and 58.9%, respectively. (3) The characteristics of three rivers into Lake Hulun indicated that the ρ(TP) in the Kherlen River > ρ(TP) in the Hulungou River > ρ(TP) in the Wulshun River. In conclusion, the main impact factors which affect the total phosphorus concentration are the variation of water volume, frozen, rivers into the lake and sediment suspension.
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Key words:
- Lake Hulun /
- phosphorus /
- component characteristics /
- influential factors /
- source
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图 2 呼伦湖水体ρ(TP)空间变化特征
Figure 2. Spatial distribution of ρ(TP) in the water of Lake Hulun
图 3 呼伦湖非冰封期与冰封期水体ρ(DTP)、ρ(PP)与ρ(TP)的相关关系
Figure 3. The correlations between ρ(TP) and ρ(DTP), ρ(PP) in the non-frozen season and frozen season
图 4 2015—2019年入湖河流ρ(TP) 季节性变化特征
Figure 4. Seasonal variations of ρ(TP) in the inflow rivers in 2015-2019
图 5 呼伦湖春季和夏季水体ρ(TSS)与ρ(PP)的相关关系
Figure 5. The correlations between ρ(TSS) and ρ(PP) in spring and summer
图 6 2015—2019年呼伦湖水体ρ(TP)与湖面面积的相关关系
Figure 6. The correlations between ρ(TP) and area variations of waters in 2015-2019
表 1 呼伦湖水体理化参数
Table 1. Physicochemical properties of the water in Lake Hulun
月份 水温/℃ pH ρ(DO)/(mg/L) ρ(TSS)/(mg/L) 10月 6.45 8.52 8.80 32.08 3月 0.05 9.17 — 7.79 5月 11.18 8.68 8.77 31.53 7月 24.20 8.95 9.10 41.25 
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