人类活动对流域生态健康影响风险评估方法研究：以呼伦湖流域为例

付正辉; 张扬; 姜霞; 郭云艳; 王书航

doi:10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2021.02.05

人类活动对流域生态健康影响风险评估方法研究：以呼伦湖流域为例

doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2021.02.05

付正辉^1,,
张扬²,
姜霞¹,
郭云艳¹,
王书航^1, ,

1.
中国环境科学研究院, 湖泊水污染治理与生态修复技术国家工程实验室, 国家环境保护湖泊污染控制重点实验室, 北京 100012
2.
北京大学环境科学与工程学院, 北京 100871

基金项目:

中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项 2020YSKY-014

详细信息

作者简介:
付正辉(1988-)，男，河南焦作人，助理研究员，博士，主要从事环境规划与管理研究，fzh@pku.edu.cn

通讯作者:
王书航(1985-)，男，安徽阜阳人，高级工程师，博士，主要从事湖泊水环境研究，wangsh@craes.org.cn

中图分类号: X820.4
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- 文章访问数: 917
- HTML全文浏览量: 150
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-11-16
- 修回日期: 2021-02-08
- 刊出日期: 2021-04-25

Risk Analysis of Impact of Human Activities on Ecological Health Based on Watershed Scale: A Case Study of Hulun Lake

1.
State Environment Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
2.
College of Environment Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

Funds:

Basic Scientific Research Funds in Nation Nonprofit Institutes, China 2020YSKY-014

摘要

摘要: 随着社会经济的快速发展，我国多数流域受到了不同程度的人类活动影响，并导致了水体污染、生物多样性退化等一系列问题，流域生态系统健康已成为制约我国经济社会可持续发展的突出因素之一.因此，开展人类活动对流域生态健康影响风险评估方法研究具有重要意义，也将对我国未来流域生态环境保护及建设的决策指导起到重要的作用.该研究以旱寒区呼伦湖流域为研究对象，基于人类活动、生态格局、生态功能和生态压力等多个角度，通过构建科学合理的流域人类活动-生态系统评价指标体系，并结合交互风险评估矩阵，开展人类活动对流域生态健康影响风险评估.结果表明：①呼伦湖流域GDP和人口主要分布在海拉尔区和满洲里市周边，其他区域GDP强度和人口强度较低；②呼伦湖流域GDP强度指标有2个子流域分别处于40~60和60~80之间，人口强度指标有1个子流域处于60~80之间，2个子流域处于40~60之间，生态系统指标有8个子流域处于60~80之间，其余子流域均大于80；③呼伦湖流域32个子流域中，有30个子流域处于低风险状态，面积占全区域的98.62%，另有2个子流域处于中等风险状态，面积占全流域的1.38%，研究区域内无高风险子流域.研究显示，该研究提出的评估方法可以有效评估人类活动对流域生态健康影响的风险，有助于明确流域生态健康主要影响因素及系统变化的内在驱动机制，从而为流域尺度生态环境保护及可持续发展提供理论依据与技术支持.
- 人类活动 /
- 生态系统健康 /
- 风险评估 /
- 呼伦湖流域
Abstract: With the rapid development of social economy, most of the river basins in China have been affected by human activities, resulting in a series of problems such as water pollution and biodiversity degradation. The ecological health of river basin ecosystem has become one of the prominent factors restricting the sustainable development of China's economy and society. Therefore, it is of great significance to carry out the risk analysis of the impact of human activities on ecological health. It will also play an important role in the decision-making guidance of the future watershed ecological environment protection and construction in China. This study has established an index system including human activities, ecological pattern, ecological function and ecological pressure contents. Combined with interactive risk assessment matrix, the risk of the impact of human activities on ecological health based on watershed scale has been analyzed. The results show that: (1) The GDP and population of the Hulun Lake Basin are mainly distributed around Hailar District and Manzhouli City, while the GDP intensity and population intensity of other regions are relatively low. (2) The GDP intensity index of the Hulun Lake Basin has two sub basins in the medium and high state, respectively; the population intensity index has one sub basin in the high state, two sub basins in the medium state, and the ecological health index has eight sub basins. (3) Among the 32 sub watersheds in the Hulun Lake Basin, 30 sub watersheds are in low-risk state, accounting for 98.62% of the whole region, and the other 2 sub watersheds are in medium risk state, accounting for 1.38% of the whole basin. There is no high-risk sub watershed in the study area. Furthermore, the assessment method proposed in this study can effectively assess the risk of the impact of human activities on the ecological health, so as to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the ecological environment protection and sustainable development of the basin.
- human activities /
- ecological health /
- risk assessment /
- Hulun Lake Basin

HTML全文

图 1 研究区域概况

注：1~32为小流域编号. 下同.

Figure 1. Overview of the study area

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图 2 呼伦湖流域GDP和人口的空间分布

Figure 2. Spatial distribution of GDP and population in Hulun Lake Basin

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图 3 呼伦湖流域人类活动评价各指标评价结果

Figure 3. Evaluation results of human impact assessment indicators in Huhun Lake Basin

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图 4 呼伦湖流域人类活动对生态系统影响风险评估结果

Figure 4. Risk assessment of human activities on ecosystem in Huhun Lake Basin

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表 1 呼伦湖流域人类活动-生态系统评价指标及赋分

Table 1. Evaluation index value of human activity ecosystem in Hulun Lake Basin

指标		权重 (W_i)	分级指标值(V_i)					指标值赋分 (X_i)
指标		权重 (W_i)	[80, 100]	[60, 80)	[40, 60)	[20, 40)	[0, 20)	指标值赋分 (X_i)
人类活动	GDP强度	0.500	[3 200, 4 000]	[2 400, 3 200)	[1 600, 2 400)	[800, 1 600)	[0, 800)	见式(3)
人类活动	人口强度	0.500	[500, 1 000]	[200, 500)	[50, 200)	[25, 50)	[0, 25)	见式(3)
生态系统	林草覆盖率	0.300	[80, 100]	[60, 80)	[40, 60)	[20, 40)	[0, 20)	见式(3)
	不透水比例	0.055	[0, 3]	(3, 5]	(5, 10]	(10, 20]	(20, 100]	见式(3)
	土壤保持功能指数	0.135	[0, 10]	(10, 20]	(20, 30]	(30, 40]	(40, 100]	见式(3)
	建设用地比例	0.220	[0, 10]	(10, 20]	(20, 30]	(30, 40]	(40, 100]	见式(3)
	农田比例	0.180	[0, 10]	(10, 20]	(20, 30]	(30, 40]	(40, 100]	见式(3)
	植被类型	0.110	—	—	—	—	—	见式(4)

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表 2 呼伦湖流域人类活动-生态系统交互风险评估矩阵

Table 2. Human activities-ecological environment risk assessment form in Huhun Lake Basin

人类活动指数(I_P)	生态系统指数(I_E)
人类活动指数(I_P)	80~100	60~80	40~60	20~40	0~20
0~20	低	低	低	中	高
20~40	低	低	中	中	高
40~60	低	中	中	高	高
60~80	中	中	高	高	高
80~100	高	高	高	高	高

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表 3 呼伦湖流域生态系统指标取值结果

Table 3. Evaluation results of ecosystem index in Hulun Lake Basin

子流域编号	林草覆盖率/%	植被类型	不透水比例/%	土壤保持功能指数/%	建设用地比例/%	农田比例/%	子流域编号	林草覆盖率/%	植被类型	不透水比例/%	土壤保持功能指数/%	建设用地比例/%	农田比例/%
1	75.80	49.33	0.14	15.11	0.25	7.84	17	62.86	54.68	0.47	0.57	0.93	23.35
2	89.85	53.11	0.02	10.01	0.07	0.00	18	65.14	47.29	3.77	19.45	5.14	22.90
3	90.82	51.81	1.53	23.00	1.53	0.04	19	85.08	67.64	0.03	0.56	0.08	4.23
4	74.69	55.09	0.15	16.95	0.23	0.10	20	80.70	56.43	3.15	4.42	4.00	2.54
5	76.91	55.58	0.04	6.91	0.13	0.00	21	78.15	57.50	0.04	1.80	0.05	10.16
6	89.24	48.53	1.22	20.04	1.66	0.14	22	70.37	51.72	2.17	4.59	4.06	2.52
7	93.16	50.07	0.05	31.21	0.29	0.68	23	79.31	60.33	0.04	1.93	0.07	10.81
8	80.97	52.47	0.06	24.55	0.17	0.18	24	76.69	51.26	0.06	10.30	0.36	0.18
9	86.42	53.06	0.38	34.28	0.47	0.10	25	78.64	53.91	0.00	1.64	0.20	1.82
10	90.98	47.35	0.01	57.44	0.01	0.00	26	66.60	44.91	15.70	15.45	20.81	0.00
11	95.29	50.12	0.16	24.18	0.62	0.31	27	73.05	55.86	0.03	0.00	0.28	16.07
12	98.24	89.91	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	28	67.95	53.47	2.26	4.99	3.04	8.36
13	92.00	64.63	0.44	0.42	0.76	2.58	29	56.62	64.10	0.60	1.83	2.60	0.13
14	76.87	71.97	0.19	0.14	0.21	1.93	30	74.36	47.31	0.12	4.25	0.36	0.02
15	61.60	53.30	2.01	0.18	2.41	30.17	31	47.00	59.21	0.05	11.04	1.84	2.20
16	89.28	62.02	0.32	0.22	0.62	8.91	32	61.99	43.65	23.26	11.42	23.92	3.70

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表 4 呼伦湖流域人类活动-生态系统交互风险计算结果

Table 4. Calculation result of human ecological and environment risk in Huhun Lake Basin

子流域编号	人类活动指数	生态系统指数	子流域编号	人类活动指数	生态系统指数	子流域编号	人类活动指数	生态系统指数	子流域编号	人类活动指数	生态系统指数
1	1.01	80.10	9	1.04	81.12	17	5.48	74.73	25	3.71	87.33
2	1.12	89.06	10	0.87	79.91	18	30.29	66.46	26	55.46	66.66
3	1.18	84.49	11	1.18	86.13	19	2.87	90.24	27	1.98	81.14
4	1.02	82.70	12	0.29	98.42	20	3.57	84.36	28	2.39	78.74
5	1.07	86.25	13	5.02	92.17	21	3.63	84.59	29	17.84	81.13
6	2.44	84.48	14	4.84	89.08	22	3.59	81.07	30	1.96	85.16
7	1.15	83.64	15	10.24	70.63	23	1.51	84.97	31	0.98	75.01
8	1.12	82.27	16	6.15	88.95	24	2.44	84.62	32	68.15	63.01

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