北部湾海域表层水体中微塑料分布特征

吴磊石; 洪鸣; 彭梦微; 王晓旭; 蓝文陆; 曲玲; 张微微

doi:10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2021.08.13

北部湾海域表层水体中微塑料分布特征

doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2021.08.13

1.
广西壮族自治区海洋环境监测中心站, 广西北海 536000
2.
国家海洋环境监测中心, 辽宁大连 116023

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划项目 2016YFC1402201

广西壮族自治区重点研发计划项目 Guike AB20297018

详细信息

作者简介:
吴磊石(1982-), 男, 广西北海人, 工程师, 主要从事海洋环境监测与研究, 48169953@qq.com

通讯作者:
张微微(1979-), 女, 吉林白城人, 高级工程师, 博士, 主要从事海洋环境监测评价研究, wwzhang@nmemc.org.cn

中图分类号: X834
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-05-29
- 修回日期: 2021-08-06

Distribution Characteristics of Microplastics in Surface Water of Beibu Gulf

1.
Marine Environmental Monitoring Center of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Beihai 536000, China
2.
National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China

Funds:

National Key Research and Development Program of China 2016YFC1402201

Key Research and Development Program of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China Guike AB20297018

摘要

摘要: 为了研究北部湾海域表层水体中微塑料形态特性及分布特征，采用孔径为330 μm的Manta网对该区域表层水体12个站位微塑料样品进行采集，通过硫酸亚铁溶液和过氧化氢对海水中的干扰物质进行消解，并用滤膜进行微塑料分离，采用体式显微镜和傅里叶变换红外光谱仪对微塑料的尺寸、形状、颜色和成分进行分析.结果表明：①北部湾海域表层水体中微塑料的平均丰度为（0.56±1.02）个/m³，与国内外其他海湾相比处于中等水平.②1~2 mm粒径范围内的微塑料数量最多，占全部微塑料数量的30.4%；主要形状为泡沫和薄膜，占比分别为62.7%和15.4%；颜色以白色和半透明为主，占比分别为68.8%和16.4%；微塑料主要成分为聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯和聚乙烯，占比分别为59.8%、20.9%和17.6%.③受人类活动、河流输入、盛行风和海洋环流结构等因素的影响，北部湾海域表层水体中微塑料的空间分布呈现近岸高、远岸低的特征.④根据对微塑料的形状、成分特征的分析，推测北部湾海域表层水体中微塑料的主要来源是海水养殖和海洋渔业捕捞活动.研究显示，北部湾海域表层水体中微塑料污染呈现近岸高于远岸的特征，受海洋渔业活动影响显著，建议加强对北部湾海水养殖和海洋渔业捕捞活动的管控，预防和减少渔业塑料垃圾污染.
- 北部湾 /
- 表层水体 /
- 微塑料 /
- 分布特征
Abstract: In order to study the physical and chemical characteristics and distribution of microplastics in the surface water of the Beibu Gulf, 330 μm mesh surface trawls were used to collect microplastics in the surface water at 12 stations. The samples in seawater were digested by ferrous sulfate solution and hydrogen peroxide, and the microplastics were separated by a filter membrane. The size, shape and color of the microplastics were analyzed by stereomicroscope and the composition of the microplastics were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The results showed that: (1) The average abundance of microplastics in the surface water of the Beibu Gulf was (0.56±1.02) pieces/m³, which was at a medium level compared with other bay areas in the world. (2) The particle size of most microplastics was between 1 mm to 2 mm, accounting for 30.4% of the total microplastics. The main shapes were foam and film, accounting for 62.7% and 15.4%, respectively. The colors were mainly white and translucent, accounting for 68.8% and 16.4%, respectively. The main components of microplastics were polystyrene, polypropylene and polyethylene, which account for 59.8%, 20.9% and 17.6%, respectively. (3) Affected by human activities, river input, prevailing wind and ocean circulation structure, the spatial distribution of microplastics in the surface water of the Beibu Gulf was characterized by higher abundance nearshore than offshore. (4) Based on the characteristics of the shape and composition of the microplastics, it is speculated that the main sources of microplastics in the surface water of the Beibu Gulf were mariculture and marine fishery activities. In summary, the pollution of microplastics in the surface water of the Beibu Gulf is higher in nearshore water than offshore. It is significantly affected by marine fishery activities. It is recommended to strengthen the control of mariculture and marine fishing activities in the Beibu Gulf to prevent and reduce the microplastic pollution.
- Beibu Gulf /
- surface water /
- microplastics /
- distribution characteristics

HTML全文

图 1 北部湾表层水体中微塑料粒径、形状、成分和颜色特征

Figure 1. Size, shape, composition, color of microplastics in surface water of Beibu Gulf

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 北部湾表层水体中微塑料的形状和主要成分

Figure 2. Main shapes and components of microplastics in surface waters of Beibu Gulf

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 北部湾表层水体中典型微塑料形状和红外光谱

Figure 3. Shape and infrared spectra of typical microplastics in surface water of Beibu Gulf

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 北部湾表层水体微塑料采样信息

Table 1. Sampling information of microplastics in surface water of Beibu Gulf

站位编号	经度/(°)	纬度/(°)	拖网时间/ min	拖网过滤海水体积/m³
1#	109.543 6	21.418 5	15	548
2#	109.544 0	20.997 7	15	509
3#	109.543 8	20.587 4	15	574
4#	108.813 5	21.521 2	15	477
5#	108.825 6	21.092 5	15	479
6#	108.813 4	20.690 0	15	543
7#	108.290 8	21.489 2	15	569
8#	108.290 8	21.067 4	15	586
9#	108.292 9	20.659 1	15	535
10#	109.099 5	21.416 5	30(3次拖网)	457
11#	108.770 5	21.598 4	30(3次拖网)	1 191
12#	108.279 9	21.524 8	45(3次拖网)	1 544

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表 2 北部湾表层水体微塑料的数量和丰度

Table 2. Quantity and abundance of microplastics in surface water of Beibu Gulf

站位编号	微塑料数量/个	微塑料丰度/(个/m³)
1#	108	0.20
2#	372	0.73
3#	80	0.14
4#	1 773	3.72
5#	43	0.09
6#	8	0.01
7#	236	0.41
8#	105	0.18
9#	71	0.13
10#	130	0.28
11#	676	0.57
12#	311	0.20

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 全球不同海域表层水体中微塑料的丰度比对

Table 3. Abundance of microplastics in the surface water around the world′s oceans

调查海域	网衣孔径/μm	丰度/(个/m³)	主要形状	主要成分	数据来源
濑户内海	350	0.3	—	聚乙烯、聚丙烯	文献[20]
阿曼湾沙巴哈湾	333	0.49±0.43	纤维	聚乙烯、聚丙烯	文献[21]
墨西哥托多斯桑托斯湾	333	0.19±0.21	碎片、纤维	—	文献[22]
法国布列塔尼布雷斯特湾	335	0.24±0.35	碎片	聚乙烯	文献[23]
东亚海	335	3.7±10.4	—	—	文献[24]
韩国东南部沿海	330	1.92~5.51	泡沫、硬颗粒	—	文献[25]
美国南加州近海	333	3.92	—	—	文献[26]
以色列地中海沿岸	333	7.68±2.38	—	—	文献[27]
佛罗里达州坦帕湾	330	4.5±2.3	纤维	—	文献[28]
巴西瓜纳巴拉湾	300	7.1±7.3	碎片、薄膜	聚乙烯	文献[29]
中国渤海	330	0.35±0.13	线、碎片	聚丙烯、聚乙烯	文献[30]
中国锦州湾	330	0.93±0.59	线、碎片、颗粒	聚丙烯、聚乙烯	文献[31]
黄海南部(如东县)	333	0.33±0.278	—	—	文献[32]
东海(长江口外)	333	0.167±0.138	纤维	—	文献[33]
中国杭州湾	330	0.14±0.12	树脂颗粒	聚乙烯、聚丙烯	文献[34]
中国象山湾	330	8.91±4.70	泡沫	聚乙烯	文献[35]
中国北部湾	330	0.56±1.02	泡沫、薄膜	聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯、聚乙烯	该研究

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