保定市PM<sub>2.5</sub>和臭氧污染特征分析

李欢欢; 张凯; 牛璨; 罗宇骞; 王涛; 支敏康; 张迎仲; 玄兆坤

doi:10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2021.12.14

保定市PM_2.5和臭氧污染特征分析

doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2021.12.14

李欢欢^{1, 2,},
张凯^2, ,,
牛璨¹,
罗宇骞²,
王涛¹,
支敏康²,
张迎仲¹,
玄兆坤¹

1.
河北大学公共卫生学院，河北保定　071000
2.
中国环境科学研究院，环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室，北京　100012

基金项目: 河北省社会科学基金项目(No.HB17SH010)

详细信息

作者简介:
李欢欢（1996-），女，河北保定人，1501690865@qq.com

通讯作者:
张凯(1977-)，女，山东青州人，研究员，博士，主要从事大气环境和大气化学研究，zhangkai@craes.org.cn

中图分类号: X51
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-07-31
- 修回日期: 2021-11-17
- 网络出版日期: 2022-03-22

PM_2.5 and O₃ Pollution Characteristics in Baoding City

1.
College of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China

Funds: Hebei Social Science Foundation of China (No.HB17SH010)

摘要

摘要: 为深入了解保定市空气质量状况，揭示PM_2.5与臭氧(O₃)的变化特征及相互关系，利用小波分析法对保定市2013—2020年每年4—9月AQI、PM_2.5、O₃-8 h (O₃日最大8 h滑动平均值)和NO₂浓度的逐日数据进行分析. 结果表明：①2013—2018年保定市O₃污染呈逐年加重趋势，最大日浓度达到347 μg/m³；随着治理措施的颁布与实施，PM_2.5超标天数由2013年的97 d减至2020年的1 d，PM_2.5超标情况逐年改善. ②O₃超标天数由2013年的3 d增至2018年的95 d，2020年减至61 d；O₃超标天数占PM_2.5和O₃超标总天数的比例从2013年的3%增至2020年的98%，说明O₃逐渐成为影响保定市空气质量的主要污染物. ③2013年保定市O₃-8 h浓度低于“2+26”城市均值，2014—2020年O₃-8 h浓度高于或接近“2+26”城市均值，说明近年来保定市O₃-8 h浓度的升幅已超过“2+26”城市的平均水平. ④小波分析发现，2013—2020年(除2015年和2018年外)AQI与PM_2.5污染序列的第1主周期相近，从2017年开始，AQI与O₃-8 h污染序列的第1主周期和第2主周期均一致，说明近年来保定市空气污染逐渐由PM_2.5污染转为PM_2.5与O₃复合污染. ⑤在同一时间尺度范围内，PM_2.5与O₃-8 h污染序列的震荡频率基本一致，说明二者存在较明显的正相关关系；2015—2019年，NO₂与O₃-8 h污染序列的震荡频率趋于一致，说明保定市O₃-8 h浓度受前体物NO₂影响较大，2020年震荡频率有较大差异，这可能与新冠肺炎疫情复工后生产规模尚未完全恢复，致使NO₂、PM_2.5等污染物排放强度同比降低有关. 因此，减少NO₂排放，协同控制多污染物是实现保定市空气质量改善的主要途径.
- 小波分析 /
- 污染趋势 /
- 协同控制 /
- 保定市
Abstract: In order to comprehensively understand the air quality in Baoding and reveal the changing characteristics and relationship between PM_2.5 and O₃, this study used wavelet analysis to analyze the daily data of AQI, PM_2.5, O₃-8 h (the maximum 8-hour moving average of O₃) and NO₂ from April to September in Baoding City from 2013 to 2020. The results show that: (1) From 2013 to 2018, O₃ concentration showed an increasing trend, and the maximum daily concentration reached 347 μg/m³. The O₃ concentrations began to decline since 2019. There were more days when the PM_2.5 concentrations exceeded the secondary limit of the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB 3095-2012) (NAAQS) in 2013 than in other years. With the promulgation and implementation of governance measures, the situation of high PM_2.5 pollution has improved. (2) The number of days when PM_2.5 concentrations exceeded the NAAQS secondary limit was reduced from 97 days in 2013 to 1 day in 2020. The number of days of O₃-8 h exceeding the NAAQS secondary limit increased from 3 days in 2013 to 95 days in 2018, and then decreased to 61 days in 2020. The proportion of O₃-8 h exceeding-limit days in the total number of days in which the two pollutants exceeded the limit increased from 3% in 2013 to 98% in 2020, indicating that O₃ has become a major pollutant affecting air quality in Baoding. (3) In 2013, the concentration of O₃-8 h in Baoding City was lower than the average value of ‘2+26’ cities, and the concentration was higher than or close to the average value of ‘2+26’ cities during 2014-2020, indicating that the increase in O₃-8 h concentration in Baoding City exceeded the average level of ‘2+26’ cities in recent years. (4) Wavelet analysis found that the AQI was similar to the first major cycle of PM_2.5 from 2013 to 2020 (except for 2015 and 2018). Since 2017, the AQI and O₃-8 h's first and second major cycles were consistent with each other. It shows that the air pollution in Baoding City changed from PM_2.5 pollution to PM_2.5 and O₃ pollution. (5) Within the same time scale, the oscillation frequencies of PM_2.5 and O₃-8 h were basically the same, indicating that there was a clear positive correlation between PM_2.5 and O₃-8 h. From 2015 to 2019, the oscillation frequencies of NO₂ and O₃-8 h tended to be the same, indicating that the concentration of O₃-8 h in Baoding City was greatly affected by the precursor NO₂. The large difference in the frequency of oscillations in 2020 may be due to the fact that the production scale was not fully recovered after the resumption from the epidemic, which led the reduction of emission intensity of pollutants such as NO₂ and PM_2.5 during the epidemic period. Therefore, reducing NO₂ emissions and coordinated control of multi-pollutants are the main ways to improve air quality in Baoding City.
- wavelet analysis /
- pollution trend /
- cooperative control /
- Baoding City

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图 1 2013—2020年保定市PM_2.5与O₃-8 h日均浓度变化趋势

Figure 1. Variation trends of the daily average concentrations of PM_2.5 and O₃-8 h in Baoding City from 2013 to 2020

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 2013—2020年保定市污染物超标天数及O₃超标天数占比的变化

Figure 2. Days of exceeding secondary limit of NAAQS for each pollutant during summer in Baoding City from 2013 to 2020

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 2013—2020年AQI的小波系数实部与小波方差

Figure 3. The wavelet power and variance for AQI from 2013 to 2020

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 2013—2020年PM_2.5的小波系数实部与小波方差

Figure 4. The wavelet power and variance for PM_2.5 from 2013 to 2020

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 2013—2020年O₃-8 h的小波系数实部与小波方差

Figure 5. The wavelet power and variance for O₃-8 h from 2013 to 2020

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 2013—2020年NO₂的小波系数实部与小波方差

Figure 6. The wavelet power and variance for NO₂ from 2013 to 2020

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 2013—2020年保定市与“2+26”城市主要污染物浓度的距平结果

Table 1. Anomalous results of main pollutant anomalies between Baoding and the ‘2+26’ cities from 2013 to 2020

年份	AQI	PM_2.5浓度	O₃-8 h浓度	NO₂浓度
2013	0.15	0.05	−0.29	−0.09
2014	0.15	0.14	0.17	−0.14
2015	0.05	0.11	0.21	0.01
2016	0.06	0.15	0.02	0.08
2017	0.06	0.15	0.14	0.14
2018	0.01	0.07	0.10	0.10
2019	−0.05	−0.02	0.04	0.04
2020	−0.10	−0.13	0.01	0.01
注：数值=(保定市值−“2+26”城市均值)/“2+26”城市均值.

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