生态浮床对千岛湖水体氮磷净化效果研究

唐伟; 许海; 詹旭; 朱广伟; 王裕成; 韩轶才; 王子聪; 朱梦圆

doi:10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2021.12.26

生态浮床对千岛湖水体氮磷净化效果研究

doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2021.12.26

唐伟^{1, 2,},
许海²,
詹旭^1, ,,
朱广伟²,
王裕成³,
韩轶才⁴,
王子聪^{1, 2},
朱梦圆²

1.
江南大学环境与土木工程学院，江苏无锡　214122
2.
中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所，湖泊与环境国家重点试验室，江苏南京　210008
3.
杭州市生态环境局淳安分局，浙江杭州　311700
4.
杭州市生态环境科学研究院，浙江杭州　310005

基金项目: 中国科学院野外站联盟项目(No.KFJ-SW-YW036)；杭州市生态环境科学研究院委托项目(No.0625-20216501)；杭州市农业与社会发展科研主动设计项目(No.20180417A06)

详细信息

作者简介:
唐伟（1995-），男，江苏扬州人，1161097964@qq.com

通讯作者:
詹旭(1981-)，男，湖北黄冈人，副教授，博士，主要从事水污染治理与修复研究，xuzhan@jiangnan.edu.cn

中图分类号: X524
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-10-01
- 修回日期: 2021-12-24

Nitrogen and Phosphorus Purification Effects of Ecological Floating Bed in Qiandao Lake

TANG Wei^{1, 2
,},
XU Hai²,
ZHAN Xu^{1
, ,},
ZHU Guangwei²,
WANG Yucheng³,
HAN Yicai⁴,
WANG Zicong^{1, 2},
ZHU Mengyuan²

1.
School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Lakes Environment and Science, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
3.
Hangzhou Bureau of Ecology and Environment Chun′an Branch, Hangzhou 311700, China
4.
Hangzhou Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou 310005, China

Funds: Field Station Alliance Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.KFJ-SW-YW036)；Hangzhou Institute of Ecological and Environmental Science Commissioned Project， China (No.0625-20216501)；Hangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Council， China (No.20180417A06)

摘要

摘要: 为探索生态浮床对较清洁型湖水的氮磷去除效果，以华东地区最大深水水库千岛湖为例，选取浮叶植物黄花水龙(Jussiaea stipulacea Ohwi.)、沉水植物绿色狐尾藻(Myriophyllum aquaticum)、挺水植物菖蒲(Acorus calamus)为材料，采用氮磷浓度相对较高的库尾湖湾湖水进行生态浮床静态模拟试验，测定浮床植物生长及水体氮磷浓度变化，并利用膜接口质谱仪测定水体溶解性氮气(N₂)含量，研究浮床植物体内吸收、反硝化脱氮等综合脱氮除磷能力. 结果表明：①浮床植物的氮磷净化能力存在明显的季节性差异，春季浮床植物长势、氮磷去除效果、反硝化脱氮能力均高于秋季；②不同水生植物间的氮磷去除能力差异显著，试验水体中黄花水龙和绿色狐尾藻的总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)去除效率分别为2.22、0.07和2.89、0.08 mg/(kg·d)，绿色狐尾藻体内吸收氮、磷最多，植物干质量的氮、磷含量分别为12.44~15.57和0.96~1.95 g/kg；③植物的生长大大增强了水体的反硝化脱氮能力，黄花水龙、绿色狐尾藻、菖蒲与空白对照组溶解性N₂差值（净脱氮差）分别为0.16~22.35、−4.14~24.63、−0.26~15.74 μmol/L，水生植物生物量是影响浮床系统反硝化作用的最关键因素. 研究显示，生态浮床是较清洁型湖水氮磷削减的一种可行技术，浮床植物组合方案设计应充分考虑不同植物的季节生长特性和反硝化脱氮能力.
- 清洁型湖水 /
- 生态浮床 /
- 植物吸收 /
- 氮磷去除 /
- 反硝化
Abstract: In order to explore the nitrogen and phosphorus removal effect of ecological floating bed in lake with clean water quality, taking Qiandao Lake, the largest deep-water reservoir in East China, as an example, the floating leaf plant (Jussiaea stipulacea Ohwi.), submerged plant (Myriophyllum aquaticum) and emergent plant (Acorus calamus) were selected to carry out the nitrogen and phosphorus purification static simulation experiment using ecological floating bed technology. The experimental lake water was collected from reservoir tail bay with relatively high nitrogen and phosphorus concentration. The growth parameters of floating bed plants and nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in the water were measured, the content of dissolved N₂ in water was also determined by Membrane Interface Mass Spectrometer, and the comprehensive nitrogen and phosphorus removal abilities of floating bed plants were investigated. The results showed that: (1) There were significant seasonal differences in the nitrogen and phosphorus purification capacity of floating bed plants. The growth rates, nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency and denitrification capacity of floating bed plants in spring were higher than those in autumn. (2) There were significant differences in nitrogen and phosphorus removal capacity among different aquatic plants. In the experimental water, the TN and TP degradation rates of ecological floating bed with Jussiaea stipulacea Ohwi. and Myriophyllum aquaticum were 2.22, 0.07 and 2.89, 0.08 mg/(kg·d), respectively. Myriophyllum aquaticum absorbed the most nitrogen and phosphorus, and the nitrogen and phosphorus contents of plant dry weight were 12.44-15.57 and 0.96-1.95 g/kg, respectively. (3) The growth of plants also greatly enhanced the denitrification of ecological floating bed system. The variation range of net nitrogen removal by denitrification of Jussiaea stipulacea Ohwi., Myriophyllum aquaticum and Acorus calamus were 0.16-22.35, −4.14-24.63, −0.26-15.74 μmol/L, respectively. The aquatic plant biomass is the most key factor affecting the denitrification of aquatic plants. This study shows that ecological floating bed is a feasible technology for nitrogen and phosphorus removal in slightly clean lake. The seasonal growth characteristics and denitrification capacity of different plants should be fully considered in the design of floating bed plant combination scheme. The research results can provide theoretical support for the in-depth treatment of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in slightly clean reservoir.
- clean lake water /
- ecological floating bed /
- plant absorption /
- nitrogen and phosphorus removal /
- denitrification

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图 1 生态浮床模拟试验装置示意

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of floating bed simulation experiment device

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 春秋两季不同植物株高与根长净增量的变化

注：字母不同表示不同处理之间差异显著(P<0.05)，字母相同表示差异不显著.下同.

Figure 2. Net increment of plant height and root length of different plants in spring and autumn

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图 3 春秋两季不同处理组TN与TP去除率的变化

Figure 3. Changes of TN and TP removal rates in different treatment groups in spring and autumn

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图 4 春秋两季不同处理组Δ[N₂]的变化

Figure 4. Changes of Δ[N₂] in different treatment groups in spring and autumn

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表 1 水生植物种类及生物特性

Table 1. Species and biological characteristics of aquatic plants

植物名称	植物种类	科属	生物特性
黄花水龙	浮叶植物	柳叶菜科丁香蓼属	节间簇生白色气囊，常见的修复水体植物，有一定景观功能
绿色狐尾藻	沉水植物	小二仙科狐尾藻属	多年生草本，有发达通气的组织结构，春夏生长迅速，氮磷吸收能力强，生物量大
菖蒲	挺水植物	天南星科菖蒲属	根状茎粗壮，喜阴湿，有药用、观赏价值

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表 2 两次试验初始水样水质指标

Table 2. Initial water quality index of two experiments

试验季节	浓度/(mg/L)
试验季节	TN	TP	DOC	DO	NO₃⁻-N
秋季	1.50	0.08	1.33	9.13	1.27
春季	2.05	0.08	1.76	6.87	1.64

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表 3 春秋两季不同植物生物量的变化

Table 3. Changes in biomass of different plants in spring and autumn kg/m²

植物种类	秋季		春季
植物种类	开始生物量	结束生物量	开始生物量	结束生物量
黄花水龙	2.07±0.37^b	3.04±0.26^a	1.38±0.16^b	4.98±0.67^b
绿色狐尾藻	1.86±0.36^b	2.69±0.61^c	1.06±0.19^b	2.12±0.43^b
菖蒲	4.28±0.47^a	4.85±0.83^b	2.68±0.45^a	3.15±0.27^a
注:字母不同表示不同处理之间差异显著(P<0.05)，字母相同表示差异不显著. 下同.

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表 4 春秋两季不同水生植物TN、TP去除效率

Table 4. TN and TP degradation rates of different aquatic plants in spring and autumn mg/(kg·d)

植物种类	秋季		春季
植物种类	TN去除效率	TP去除效率	TN去除效率	TP去除效率
黄花水龙	1.26±0.22^a	0.04±0.01^a	2.22±0.76^b	0.07±0.01^a
绿色狐尾藻	1.43±0.13^a	0.05±0.01^a	2.89±0.15^a	0.08±0.02^a
菖蒲	0.39±0.16^b	0.01±0.01^b	0.27±0.20^c	0.02±0.01^b

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表 5 春秋两季不同水生植物体内氮磷吸收量

Table 5. Nitrogen and phosphorus uptake by different aquatic plants in spring and autumn

植物种类	氮吸收量/(g/kg)		磷吸收量/(g/kg)
植物种类	秋季	春季	秋季	春季
黄花水龙	5.27±4.37^b	8.30±1.16^b	0.67±0.09^a	0.51±0.23^b
绿色狐尾藻	12.44±2.52^a	15.57±2.57^a	0.96±0.23^a	1.95±0.22^a
菖蒲	5.45±0.94^b	8.59±0.52^b	0.24±0.41^b	0.68±0.11^b

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表 6 不同途径脱氮的贡献率

Table 6. Contribution rate of nitrogen removal by different ways

植物种类	植物吸收贡献率/%		反硝化与其他贡献率/%
植物种类	秋季	春季	秋季	春季
黄花水龙	19.48	29.85	80.52	70.15
绿色狐尾藻	29.88	22.58	70.12	77.42
菖蒲	15.83	20.61	84.17	79.39

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表 7 水生植物净脱氮量与不同因素的相关分析

Table 7. Correlation analysis between net nitrogen removal of aquatic plants and different factors

项目		DOC浓度	DO浓度	温度	根长	生物量
	黄花水龙	0.38	−0.66^*	0.38	0.57	0.65^*
净脱氮量	绿色狐尾藻	0.22	−0.58	0.73^*	0.66^*	0.79^**
	菖蒲	0.31	−0.72^*	0.47	0.31	0.71^*
注：表示在0.05水平(双尾)上显著相关；*表示在0.01水平(双尾)上显著相关；n=10.

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