基于观测的模型(OBM)的发展历程及其在我国大气化学研究中的应用与展望

张英南; 薛丽坤; 陈天舒; 申恒青; 李红; 王文兴

doi:10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2022.01.05

基于观测的模型(OBM)的发展历程及其在我国大气化学研究中的应用与展望

doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2022.01.05

张英南^1,,
薛丽坤^1, ,,
陈天舒¹,
申恒青¹,
李红²,
王文兴^{1, 2}

1.
山东大学环境研究院，山东青岛　266237
2.
中国环境科学研究院，环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室，北京　100012

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(No.41922051)；山东省自然科学基金项目(No.ZR2019JQ09)

详细信息

作者简介:
张英南（1995-），女，山东济宁人，yingnan@mail.sdu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
薛丽坤(1983-)，男，山东东营人，教授，博士，博导，主要从事大气化学、大气环境和污染防治领域研究，xuelikun@sdu.edu.cn

中图分类号: X51
计量
- 文章访问数: 2155
- HTML全文浏览量: 542
- PDF下载量: 555
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-10-06
- 修回日期: 2021-12-20
- 网络出版日期: 2022-03-22

Development History of Observation-Based Model (OBM) and Its Application and Prospect in Atmospheric Chemistry Studies in China

1.
Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China

Funds: National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.41922051); Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China (No.ZR2019JQ09)

摘要

摘要: 基于观测的模型OBM(observation-based model)作为分析大气化学过程的重要方法之一，在深度挖掘大气综合观测数据以及全面认识区域大气复合污染成因方面具有广阔的应用潜力. 为进一步推进OBM在大气化学研究中的应用并提升PM_2.5和臭氧(O₃)协同防控的有效性和科学性，本文梳理了OBM结构和内置大气化学机制的发展历程，并总结了应用OBM解析O₃和二次气溶胶生成机制及其他活性成分化学机制的研究成果. 结果表明：OBM结构和内置大气化学机制在不断更新，使OBM由最初用于O₃生成机制的研究逐步发展成为功能强大的大气化学全过程分析工具，为我国大气复合污染防治工作提供了重要的技术支撑. 但是，OBM自身结构的局限性、我国尚未掌握OBM核心技术以及可利用的观测数据仍有限等原因制约了OBM在我国大气化学研究中的进一步应用和推广. 针对上述问题提出如下建议：在实际应用中应根据大气化学过程解析需求来选择合适的模型，充分发挥OBM的优势；开发具有中国自主知识产权的在线OBM运行系统和大气化学机制；建立有代表性的区域监测网络为OBM的进一步应用和推广提供综合数据支撑.
- 基于观测的模型(OBM) /
- 大气化学机制 /
- 区域大气复合污染 /
- 环境空气臭氧 /
- 二次气溶胶
Abstract: Observation-based model (OBM) is one of the most widely used tools for analyzing atmospheric chemical processes, and it has broad application prospects in the in-depth analysis of observational data and comprehensive understanding of regional complex air pollution. To promote the application of OBM in atmospheric chemistry studies and to promote coordinated prevention and control of PM_2.5 and O₃ effectively and scientifically, the development history of OBM structures and its built-in atmospheric chemical mechanisms, and the application of OBM in identification of formation regimes of O₃ and secondary aerosols as well as the chemistry of other important trace gases were summarized. The results demonstrated that the upgrading of the OBM structures and atmospheric chemical mechanisms prompted the application of OBM to be a powerful tool for comprehensive analyses of atmospheric chemical processes rather than just identifying O₃ formation regimes. Therefore, OBM has played an important role in the prevention and control of regional complex air pollution in China due to its enhanced applicability. However, the limitations of OBM structures, the lack of core technologies for OBM, and limited observational data restricted the further application and promotion of OBM in atmospheric studies in China. The following suggestions are put forward for solving these issues: choose appropriate numeric models for application and take full advantages of OBM in practical applications; develop online systems for running OBM and localized atmospheric chemical mechanisms with China's independent intellectual property rights; establish representative regional monitoring networks to provide comprehensive data for OBM applications.
- observation-based model (OBM) /
- atmospheric chemical mechanisms /
- regional complex air pollution /
- ambient ozone /
- secondary aerosol

HTML全文

图 1 OBM基本结构的演变

Figure 1. The evolution of basic structures of OBM

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 2000—2021年9月公开发表的利用OBM开展国内O₃生成机制研究的英文论文数量

注：依托Web of Science、Scopus和Google Scholar数据库.

Figure 2. The number of papers (in English) regarding OBM studies in O₃ formation regimes over China

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 OBM中常用的大气化学机制概述

Table 1. Summary of atmospheric chemical mechanisms built in OBM

大气化学机制	代表版本	总反应数	总物种数	光解反应数	无机反应数	有机反应数	无机物种数	有机物种数	类别	数据来源
CBM	CB05	156	51	23	54	102	16	35	气相归纳化学机制	文献[16]
RACM	RACM2	363	119	34	46	317	21	98	气相归纳化学机制	文献[17]
SAPRC	SAPRC07	291	110	34	55	236	26	84	气相归纳化学机制	文献[18]
MCM	MCMv3.3.1	17 224	5 832	35	48	17 176	20	5 812	气相详细化学机制	文献[19-20]
CAPRAM	CAPRAM3.0	7 129	—	12	305	6 824	—	34	液相归纳化学机制	文献[21]

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 基于OBM开展的O₃生成机制研究总结^[9,25]

Table 2. Summary of the observation-based model studies in O₃ formation regime over China^[9,25]

区域	站点位置	站点类型	研究时段	化学机制	臭氧形成机制	活性VOCs物种
京津冀及周边地区	望都	乡村	2014年6—7月	RACM2	NO_x控制	—
	禹城	乡村	2013年6—7月	MCM3.3.1	协同控制	生物源VOCs
	济南	城市	2017年7—8月	MCM3.3.1	VOCs/协同控制	—
	东营	乡村	2017年6—7月	MCM3.3.1	NO_x控制	烯烃
	保定	城市	2015年9月	CB-IV	VOCs控制	—
	青岛	乡村	2018年10—11月	RACM2	协同控制	烯烃
	榆垡	郊区	2006年8—9月	CB-IV	协同控制	—
	武清	郊区	2009年6—8月	NCAR-MM	NO_x控制	—
汾渭平原	渭南	城市	2019年7—9月	RACM2	协同控制	烯烃
长三角地区	上海	城市	2017年7月	CB-IV	VOCs控制	芳香烃
	上海	乡村	2017年7月	CB-IV	协同控制	芳香烃
	南京	城市	2013年7—8月	CB-IV	VOCs控制	烯烃
	南京	郊区	2013年7—8月	CB-IV	VOCs控制	烯烃
	杭州	城市	2018年5—9月	MCM3.3.1	VOCs控制	生物源VOCs
		郊区	2018年5—9月	MCM3.3.1	VOCs控制	生物源VOCs
		乡村	2018年5—9月	MCM3.3.1	协同控制	芳香烃
	徐州	城市	2018年5月	MCM3.2	VOCs控制	—
	盐城	城市	2017年8月	MCM3.2	VOCs控制	—
	南通	城市	2018年7月	MCM3.2	协同控制	—
川渝地区	成都	城市	2016年9—10月	RACM2	VOCs控制	烯烃
	成都	工业	2016年9—10月	RACM2	VOCs控制	烯烃
	重庆	城市	2015年8—9月	RACM2	VOCs控制	—
		郊区	2015年8—9月	RACM2	VOCs控制	—
		乡村	2015年8—9月	RACM2	NO_x控制	—
珠三角地区	东涌	郊区	2005—2014年	CB05	VOCs控制	—
	深圳	城市	2018年10月	RACM2-LIM1	VOCs控制	芳香烃
	鹤山	乡村	2014年10—11月	MCM	VOCs控制	芳香烃
其他地区	武汉	城市	2018年8月	MCM3.2	VOCs控制	—
	兰州	郊区	2018年8月	MCM3.2	协同控制	—
	兰州	郊区	2006年6—7月	MCM3.2	NO_x控制	—

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 基于OBM量化自由基初级来源和OH·反应活性的研究总结^[47]

Table 3. Summary of the observation-based model studies of radical sources over China^[47]

区域	站点位置	站点类型	研究时段	OH·主要的初级来源	HO₂·主要的初级来源	RO₂·主要的初级来源	化学机制
京津冀及周边地区	北京	城市	2008年7—8月	O₃光解	OVOCs光解	OVOCs光解	MCM3.3.1
	东营	乡村	2017年6—7月	O₃光解	OVOCs光解	OVOCs光解	MCM3.3.1
	泰山	乡村	2017年12月	HONO光解	OVOCs光解	OVOCs光解	MCM3.3.1
	泰山	乡村	2018年3—4月	HONO光解	OVOCs光解	OVOCs光解	MCM3.3.1
珠三角地区	中国香港	乡村	2012年8—12月	O₃光解	OVOCs光解	OVOCs光解	MCM3.3.1
珠三角地区	中国香港	郊区	2011年8月	HONO光解	OVOCs光解	OVOCs光解	MCM3.2
其他地区	成都	郊区	2019年8—9月	HONO光解	HCHO光解	OVOCs光解	RACM2-LIM1
	兰州	城市	2013年6—8月	O₃光解	HCHO光解	OVOCs光解	MCM3.3.1
	兰州	工业	2013年6—8月	O₃光解	HCHO光解	OVOCs光解	MCM3.3.1
	瓦里关	背景	2003年4—5月、 7—8月	O₃光解	HCHO光解	OVOCs光解	MCM3.2

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