2015—2020年湖北省PM<sub>2.5</sub>和臭氧复合污染特征演变分析

陈楠; 陈立; 王莉莉; 祝波; 操文祥; 许可; 丁青青; 兰博; 张周祥; 魏莱; 施艾琳; 王珂

doi:10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2022.01.08

2015—2020年湖北省PM_2.5和臭氧复合污染特征演变分析

doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2022.01.08

陈楠^{1, 2,},
陈立³,
王莉莉⁴,
祝波^{1, 2},
操文祥^{1, 2},
许可^{1, 2},
丁青青^{1, 2},
兰博^{1, 2},
张周祥^{1, 2},
魏莱^{1, 2},
施艾琳^{1, 2},
王珂^{1, 2, ,}

1.
湖北省生态环境监测中心站，湖北武汉　430072
2.
湖北省大气复合污染研究中心，湖北武汉　430078
3.
湖北省行政许可技术评审中心，湖北武汉　430071
4.
中国科学院大气物理研究所，北京　100029

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目(No.2019YFB2102904)

详细信息

作者简介:
陈楠（1981-），女，湖北武汉人，正高级工程师，博士，主要从事大气复合污染研究及空气质量预报研究，28098533@qq.com

通讯作者:
王珂(1994-)，女，陕西渭南人，助理工程师，硕士，主要从事大气复合污染研究，13261590965@163.com

中图分类号: X513；X515
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-07-30
- 修回日期: 2021-12-14
- 网络出版日期: 2022-03-22

Characteristic and Trend Analysis of PM_2.5 and Ozone in Air Compound Pollution in Hubei Province During 2015-2020

CHEN Nan^{1, 2
,},
CHEN Li³,
WANG Lili⁴,
ZHU Bo^{1, 2},
CAO Wenxiang^{1, 2},
XU Ke^{1, 2},
DING Qingqing^{1, 2},
LAN Bo^{1, 2},
ZHANG Zhouxiang^{1, 2},
WEI Lai^{1, 2},
SHI Ailin^{1, 2},
WANG Ke^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
Hubei Ecological Environment Monitoring Center Station, Wuhan 430072, China
2.
Hubei Atmospheric Compound Pollution Research Center, Wuhan 430078, China
3.
Hubei Administrative License Technology Review Center, Wuhan 430071, China
4.
Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China

Funds: National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2019YFB2102904)

摘要

摘要: 为揭示湖北省PM_2.5和臭氧(O₃)复合污染演变特征，基于湖北省17个地市的空气质量国控点和武汉市大气超级站组分监测数据，全面分析湖北省17个地市2015—2020年PM_2.5和O₃的时空变化特征及相关关系，探讨PM_2.5和O₃协同效应的成因机理. 结果表明：①2015—2020年，湖北省PM_2.5显著改善，平均降幅为4.7 μg/(m³·a)，但冬季负荷仍较高，主要集中于中部地区；O₃污染凸显，平均增幅为3.8 μg/(m³·a)，污染集中在4—10月的暖季，东部地区最严重，近两年超标天数已与PM_2.5相当. ②湖北省PM_2.5和O₃关联日趋密切，协同效应显著，日评价指标显示夏季二者呈显著正相关(相关系数为0.57)，近两年当PM_2.5浓度≤50 μg/m³时，相关系数高达0.63；冬季PM_2.5浓度与O_x(O₃+NO₂)浓度呈正相关，尤其2020年东部城市二者相关性高达0.46，显示大气氧化性对PM_2.5二次污染的重要性. ③以武汉市为例，归纳PM_2.5和O₃复合污染的成因，暖季低PM_2.5背景下，高温、中等湿度和弱风速的气象条件以及VOCs和NO_x等前体物的高浓度排放，使得受VOCs主控的光化学反应加剧，易造成O₃污染，从而加强PM_2.5二次生成；冬季高的大气氧化性，叠加不利气象条件，促进颗粒物的二次生成，导致重污染时PM_2.5组分以硝酸盐等二次无机组分为主. 研究显示，湖北省PM_2.5和O₃协同控制重点为，在保持现有NO_x控制力度基础上强化VOCs控制，遏制暖季和东部区域O₃浓度上升，加强冬季和中部PM_2.5治理.
- PM_2.5 /
- 臭氧(O₃) /
- 协同控制 /
- 复合污染 /
- 湖北省
Abstract: In order to reveal the evolution characteristics of compound air pollution, spatiotemporal characteristics of PM_2.5 and O₃, as well as their correlation relationships and the formation mechanism of the synergistic effect, were comprehensively analyzed based on the monitoring data in 17 cities in Hubei Province from 2015 to 2020 and the atmospheric superstation in Wuhan. The results indicated: (1) PM_2.5 pollution was significantly mitigated with a decline rate of 4.7 μg/(m³·a), and O₃ pollution worsened with a growth rate of 3.8 μg/(m³·a) and it appeared frequently in the warm season (April to October). In addition, PM_2.5 concentration in winter was still high, especially in central cities. The number of days with O₃ exceeding the standard in eastern cities was the same to the number of days with PM_2.5 exceeding the standard in the past two years. (2) The PM_2.5 and O₃ in Hubei Province had an increasingly close relationship, and the synergistic effect was significant. The daily values showed that PM_2.5 and O₃ had a significant positive correlation in summer (the correlation coefficient (R) is 0.57), and R was as high as 0.63 when PM_2.5 ≤ 50 μg/m³ in the past two years. In addition, there was a positive correlation between PM_2.5 and O_x in winter, with the highest in eastern cities in 2020 (0.46), showing the importance of atmospheric oxidation for the secondary pollution of PM_2.5. (3) The causes of the synergistic effect of PM_2.5 and O₃ in Wuhan were as follows. In the warm season, the intensified O₃ photochemical reaction was controlled by VOCs due to high temperature, moderate humidity, weak wind and the high emissions of precursors (VOCs and NO_x) under the background of low PM_2.5, which will cause O₃ pollution, thereby enhancing the secondary transformation of PM_2.5. In winter, high atmospheric oxidation and unfavorable weather conditions promoted secondary aerosol transformation. During the heavy pollution episodes, PM_2.5 components were mainly secondary inorganic components such as nitrate. (4) The coordinated control in Hubei Province is mainly to strengthen the control of VOCs on the basis of maintaining NO_x control, suppress the rise of O₃ concentration in warm season, especially in the eastern region, and enhance the control of PM_2.5 in winter, especially in the central region.
- PM_2.5 /
- ozone (O₃) /
- synergistic control /
- compound pollution /
- Hubei Province

HTML全文

图 1 湖北省地形与监测站点、人口及3个区域的分布以及2015—2020年PM_2.5和O₃-8 h浓度空间分布

注：第一区域为武汉市及周边的10个地市，位于湖北省东部；第二区域包括襄阳市、荆州市、荆门市和宜昌市，位于湖北省中部；第三个区域包括十堰市、恩施土家族苗族自治州（简称“恩施州”）和神农架林区，位于湖北省西部.

Figure 1. The distribution of topography, monitoring sites, population and three regions, as well as the spatial distributions of PM_2.5 and O₃-8 h concentrations during 2015-2020 in Hubei Province

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图 2 2015—2020年湖北省17个地市PM_2.5和O₃-8 h第90百分位数浓度的年际变化

Figure 2. The annual variation of PM_2.5 and the 90^th of O₃-8 h concentrations during 2015-2020 in 17 cities in Hubei Province

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图 3 2015—2020年湖北省及3个区域PM_2.5、O₃-8 h、NO₂和SO₂浓度的季节性变化特征

Figure 3. The seasonal variation of PM_2.5，O₃-8 h，NO₂ and SO₂ concentrations during 2015-2020 in three regions of Hubei Province

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图 4 2015—2020年湖北省17个地市PM_2.5浓度逐日变化

Figure 4. The daily variation of PM_2.5 concentration during 2015-2020 in 17 cities of Hubei Province

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图 5 2015—2020年湖北省17个地市O₃-8 h浓度的逐日变化

Figure 5. The daily variation of O₃-8 h concentration during 2015-2020 in 17 cities in Hubei Province

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图 6 2015—2020年湖北省17个地市AQI超标天数、O₃作为首要污染物占超标天比例以及O₃与PM_2.5超标天数比值的年际变化

Figure 6. Days of exceeding the standard, proportion of O₃ as the primary pollutant in days exceeding the standard, and ratio of O₃ and PM_2.5 pollution days exceeding the standard during 2015-2020 in 17 cities of Hubei Province

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图 7 2015—2020年基于季节的各区域R(PM_2.5-O₃-8 h)、R(PM_2.5-O_x)分别与PM_2.5和O₃-8 h浓度季均值的相关性散点图

注：R(PM_2.5-O₃-8 h)和R(PM_2.5-Ox)分别为PM_2.5浓度与O₃-8 h和O_x浓度的相关系数.

Figure 7. Scatter plots of R(PM_2.5-O₃-8 h) , R(PM_2.5-O_x) and seasonal averaged PM_2.5, O₃-8 h concentrations in different regions based on seasonal scales during 2015-2020

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图 8 武汉市2019年和2020年5—10月不同O₃-8 h浓度下挥发性有机物(VOCs)体积分数和OFP的变化

Figure 8. The changes of VOCs concentrations and ozone formation potential (OFP) of VOCs in different O₃-8 h concentration levels during May-October between 2019 and 2020 in Wuhan

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表 1 2019年和2020年冬季武汉市不同浓度PM_2.5中主要大气组分差异

Table 1. Comparison of main atmospheric compounds in different PM_2.5 concentration levels in winter between 2019 and 2020 in Wuhan City

年份	变量	单位	ρ(PM_2.5)范围
年份	变量	单位	≤35 µg/m³	36~75 µg/m³	76~115 µg/m³	116~150 µg/m³	151~250 µg/m³
2019	ρ(O_x)	µg/m³	59.35	73.44	82.35	88	71.94
2020	ρ(O_x)	µg/m³	65.82	78.32	86.17	116.19	132.88
2019	ρ(OM)	µg/m³	8.0	12.0	18.7	23.5	27.5
2019	ρ(SO₄²⁻)	µg/m³	10.2	6.1	9.6	12.7	29.7
2019	ρ(NO₃⁻)	µg/m³	25.5	19.9	30.4	45.1	75.2
2019	ρ(NH₄⁺)	µg/m³	8.3	7.3	11.6	19.4	32.2
2020	ρ(OM)	µg/m³	8.9	13.3	21.9	27.8	40.5
2020	ρ(SO₄²⁻)	µg/m³	5.4	10.4	15.4	13.7	17.0
2020	ρ(NO₃⁻)	µg/m³	9.0	19.6	40.8	60.2	81.9
2020	ρ(NH₄⁺)	µg/m³	5.7	11.9	22.0	26.9	36.2
2019	NOR		0.247	0.213	0.247	0.319	0.468
2020	NOR		0.123	0.181	0.281
2020	SOR		0.281	0.360	0.383	0.362	0.489
2020	SOR		0.230	0.352	0.474
2019	φ(VOCs)	10⁻⁹	32.0	36.7	50.2	48.6	59.3
2020	φ(VOCs)	10⁻⁹	19.1	24.2	38.6
2019	ρ(NO_x)	µg/m³	46.1	78.1	112.0	85.8	74.2
2020	ρ(NO_x)	µg/m³	24.7	39.8	54.2	25.6
2019	φ(VOCs)/ρ(NO_x)		3.6	3.8	3.8	4.2	5.5
2020	φ(VOCs)/ρ(NO_x)		6.7	5.8	6.2

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表 2 武汉市2019年和2020年5—10月不同O₃-8 h浓度下主要大气组分及气象要素差异

Table 2. Comparison of main atmospheric compounds and meteorological factors in different O₃-8 h concentration levels during May and October between 2019 and 2020 in Wuhan City

年份	变量	单位	ρ(O₃-8 h)范围
年份	变量	单位	61~80 µg/m³	81~120 µg/m³	121~160 µg/m³	161~200 µg/m³	>200 µg/m³
2019	ρ(PM_2.5)	µg/m³	25.8	24.7	26.7	32.6	40.5
2020	ρ(PM_2.5)	µg/m³	21.8	25.1	29.0	32.9	34.4
2019	ρ(OM)	µg/m³	6.1	7.1	7.0	8.2	9.7
2019	ρ(SO₄²⁻)	µg/m³	5.6	6.1	6.9	9.1	11.1
2019	ρ(NO₃⁻)	µg/m³	7.8	6.5	5.8	6.9	5.8
2019	ρ(NH₄⁺)	µg/m³	4.1	4.1	4.3	5.4	5.6
2020	ρ(OM)	µg/m³	8.7	10.3	10.6	11.0	11.1
2020	ρ(SO₄^2-)	µg/m³	4.4	5.3	6.5	7.6	8.1
2020	ρ(NO₃⁻)	µg/m³	6.3	5.1	5.5	4.3	3.1
2020	ρ(NH₄⁺)	µg/m³	3.9	4.0	4.5	4.5	4.2
2019	φ(VOCs)	10⁻⁹	22.7	24.2	23.3	27.1	28.0
2020	φ(VOCs)	10⁻⁹	21.5	19.8	19.6	23.1	24.0
2019	ρ(NO_x)	µg/m³	29.1	38.3	37.0	46.0	49.7
2020	ρ(NO_x)	µg/m³	37.9	37.5	39.5	40.8	41.3
2019	φ(VOCs)/ρ(NO_x)		6.4	5.3	5.5	4.8	4.6
2020	φ(VOCs)/ρ(NO_x)		4.5	4.2	3.8	4.2	4.3
2019	最高温度	℃	23.5	27.9	30.2	31.5	34.2
2019	相对湿度	%	81.2	75.6	68.4	66.7	62.6
2019	风速	m/s	2.3	2.1	2.1	1.6	1.6
2020	最高温度	℃	24.4	27.1	30.0	31.9	33.3
2020	相对湿度	%	89.7	84.7	77.0	74.4	70.8
2020	风速	m/s	1.9	2.1	1.9	1.6	1.3

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