云浮市2018—2020年颗粒物和臭氧污染特征及污染案例研究

江家坤; 马莹; 黄学良; 叶代启

doi:10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2022.01.09

云浮市2018—2020年颗粒物和臭氧污染特征及污染案例研究

doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2022.01.09

江家坤^{1, 2,},
马莹²,
黄学良²,
叶代启^1, ,

1.
华南理工大学环境与能源学院，广东广州　510006
2.
云浮市生态环境局，广东云浮　527300

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目(No.2017YFC0212805)；国家自然科学基金项目(No.51878292)

详细信息

作者简介:
江家坤（1995-），男，广东罗定人，2448175248@qq.com

通讯作者:
叶代启(1965-)，男，湖北麻城人，教授，博士，博导，主要从事大气挥发性有机物的排放与控制对策研究， cedqye@scut.edu.cn

中图分类号: X513
计量
- 文章访问数: 612
- HTML全文浏览量: 98
- PDF下载量: 306
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-07-20
- 录用日期: 2022-01-21
- 修回日期: 2021-12-08
- 网络出版日期: 2022-03-22

Pollution Characteristics and a Pollution Case of Particulate Matter and O₃ in Yunfu City from 2018 to 2020

JIANG Jiakun^{1, 2
,},
MA Ying²,
HUANG Xueliang²,
YE Daiqi^{1
, ,}

1.
College of Environment and Energy of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
2.
Yunfu Municipal Ecological Environment Bureau, Yunfu 527300, China

Funds: National Key Research and Development Project of Research, China (No.2017YFC0212805); National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51878292)

摘要

摘要: 为探究云浮市颗粒物和臭氧(O₃)污染特征，利用多元统计分析方法分析了云浮市2018—2020年6项环境空气污染物浓度、气象因子等监测数据，并对2020年12月25—29日冬季PM_2.5和O₃污染过程进行了研究. 结果表明：①PM_2.5、PM₁₀、NO₂、CO月均浓度呈夏季低、冬季高的变化特征；O₃-8 h第90百分位数呈夏秋季高、冬春季低的变化特征. ②PM₁₀、PM_2.5和CO小时浓度日变化呈波浪型变化特征，PM_2.5、CO小时浓度最大值均出现在09:00，PM₁₀小时浓度最大值出现在02:00. O₃、SO₂小时浓度日变化呈单峰型变化特征，O₃、SO₂小时浓度最大值分别出现在16:00、10:00. NO₂小时浓度日变化呈单谷型变化特征，最小值出现在14:00. ③PM_2.5-10、SO₂、NO₂、O₃小时浓度与PM_2.5小时浓度均呈正相关，说明PM_2.5-10、SO₂、NO₂、O₃与PM_2.5具有一定程度的同源性. O₃小时浓度与NO₂、CO小时浓度呈负相关，且O₃小时浓度与NO₂小时浓度相关性更强. 夏秋季NO₂、CO、O₃、PM_2.5小时浓度与气温的相关性比冬春季的更强. SO₂、PM₁₀、PM_2.5、O₃小时浓度均与湿度呈负相关，其中O₃小时浓度与湿度的相关性最强，相关系数为−0.586. ④2020年12月25—29日云浮市城区PM_2.5污染受到静稳天气影响，O₃污染与28日午后太阳高温辐射以及来自珠三角地区O₃污染气团的输入影响有关. 利用ART-2a对该时段采集的颗粒物进行成分分析，得到K、EC、OC、ECOC、HM、LEV、Na、SiO₃这8种单颗粒物. 整个时段EC、OC、ECOC谱图中都存在明显的硫酸盐峰和硝酸盐峰. PM_2.5小时浓度与硫酸盐离子、硝酸盐离子、硅酸盐离子、铵离子、氯离子的数量均呈显著正相关，二次反应和老化过程对PM_2.5污染有显著影响. 研究显示，云浮市PM_2.5和O₃复合污染防控需要关注本地污染物变化特征和排放源影响，也需关注外来污染气团特别是来自珠三角地区污染气团输入的影响.
- PM_2.5 /
- O₃ /
- 相关性分析 /
- SPAMS /
- 后向轨迹分析 /
- 云浮市
Abstract: In order to explore the pollution characteristics of particulate matter and O₃ in Yunfu City, the concentrations of six ambient air pollutants and meteorological factors in Yunfu City from 2018 to 2020 were analyzed using multivariate statistical analysis methods, and the pollution process of PM_2.5 and O₃ in winter from December 25^th to 29^th, 2020 was studied. The results showed that: (1) The monthly average concentrations of PM_2.5, PM₁₀, NO₂, CO showed the characteristics of low in summer and high in winter. The 90% pentitle of maximum daily 8-hour average ozone showed the characteristics of high in summer and autumn, and low in spring and winter. (2) The hourly concentrations of PM₁₀, PM_2.5, CO exhibited wave-shaped changes. The hourly concentrations of PM_2.5 and CO all reached their maximum at 09:00, and the maximum hourly concentration of PM₁₀ appeared at 02:00. The hourly concentrations of O₃ and SO₂ showed a single-peak type changes. The maximum hourly concentration of O₃, SO₂ appeared at 16:00 and 10:00, respectively. The hourly concentration of NO₂ showed a single-valley type change, in which the minimum appeared at 14:00. (3) The concentrations of PM_2.5-10, SO₂, NO₂ and O₃ are all positively correlated with the concentration of PM_2.5. PM_2.5-10, SO₂, NO₂ and O₃ had certain homology with the concentration of PM_2.5. The concentration of O₃ was negatively correlated with the concentrations of NO₂, CO, and the concentration of O₃ was more closely related to the concentration of NO₂. The temperature was positively correlated with the concentration of O₃, and negatively correlated with the concentrations of SO₂, NO₂, CO, PM₁₀, PM_2.5, and the temperature had a stronger correlation with the concentrations of NO₂, CO, PM₁₀, PM_2.5, O₃ in summer and autumn. Air pressure was positively correlated with the concentrations of NO₂, CO, PM₁₀, PM_2.5, and the correlation is stronger in summer and autumn. Humidity was negatively correlated with the concentrations of SO_2, PM₁₀, PM_2.5, and O₃, and had the strongest correlation with the concentration of O₃. (4) From December 25^th to 29^th, 2020, the PM_2.5 pollution in the urban area of Yunfu City was affected by static and stable weather, the O₃ pollution was related to the high-temperature solar radiation in the afternoon on the 28^th and the external input from the O₃ polluted air mass in the Pearl River Delta. Using ART-2a to analyze the composition of the particles collected during the period, eight single particles of K, EC, OC, ECOC, HM, LEV, Na, and SiO₃ were obtained. There were obvious sulfate and nitrate peaks in the EC, OC, and ECOC spectra throughout the entire period. The hourly concentration of PM_2.5 was significantly positively correlated with the numbers of sulfate ion, nitrate ion, silicate ion, ammonium ion, and chloride ion, which indicated that the secondary reaction and aging process had a significant impact on the PM_2.5 pollution. The coordinated prevention and control of PM_2.5 and O₃ pollution in Yunfu City needs to focus on the characteristics of local pollutants and the impact of emission sources, as well as the impact of external polluted air masses, especially the impact of polluted air mass from the Pearl River Delta region.
- PM_2.5 /
- O₃ /
- correlation analysis /
- SPAMS /
- backward trajectory analysis /
- Yunfu City

HTML全文

图 1 云浮市2018—2020年环境空气污染物月均浓度

Figure 1. The monthly average concentrations of ambient air pollutants in Yunfu City from 2018 to 2020

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 云浮市2018—2020年环境空气污染物小时浓度均值

Figure 2. The hourly average concentrations of ambient air pollutants in Yunfu City from 2018 to 2020

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 污染物小时浓度与气象因素的相关性系数

Table 1. The correlation coefficient between hourly concentrations of ambient air pollutants and meteorological factors

项目	气温		风速		气压		湿度
项目	冬春季	夏秋季	冬春季	夏秋季	冬春季	夏秋季	冬春季	夏秋季
SO₂小时浓度	−0.143^**	−.0113^**	0.019^*	−0.003	0.034^**	0.040^**	−0.193^**	−0.104^**
NO₂小时浓度	−0.245^**	−0.618^**	−0.054^**	−0.065^**	0.106^**	0.367^**	0.078^**	0.121^**
CO小时浓度	−0.351^**	−0.436^**	−0.015	−0.020^*	0.184^**	0.368^**	0.024^**	−0.077^**
O₃小时浓度	0.334^**	0.407^**	0.045^**	0.091^**	−0.049^**	−0.043^**	−0.461^**	−0.586^**
PM_2.5小时浓度	−0.169^**	−0.299^**	−0.008	−0.043^**	0.245^**	0.302^**	−0.195^**	−0.263^**
PM_2.5-10小时浓度	0.077^**	−0.284^**	−0.016	−0.055^**	0.039^**	0.178^**	−0.120^**	−0.078^**
注：*表示在0.01水平上显著相关(双尾)；表示在0.05水平上显著相关(双尾).

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 云浮市2020年12月25—29日各时段颗粒物占比

Table 2. The percentage of particulate matters in various periods from December 25^th to 29^th，2020 in Yunfu City

单颗粒物名称	占比/%
单颗粒物名称	污染形成期	PM_2.5轻度污染期	O₃轻度污染期	天气优良期
K	26	19	27	14
EC	49	43	39	39
OC	4	16	12	13
ECOC	7	8	7	3
HM	3	3	2	2
LEV	6	6	10	24
Na	0	1	1	0
SiO₃	5	4	2	4

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 云浮市2020年12月25—29日大气后向轨迹

Table 3. The backward trajectories from December 25^th to 29^th，2020 in Yunfu City

轨迹编号	起始后推时间	方位	高度范围/m	途径区域
1	25日00:00	北	500	广东省韶关市、清远市、肇庆市
2	25日12:00	东南	500	广东省惠州市、东莞市、佛山市、肇庆市
3	26日12:00	东南	500~1 000	广东省深圳市、江门市以及粤东沿海区域
4	27日12:00	东南	500~1 000	广东省江门市、阳江市
5	28日12:00	东南	500~1 000	广东省深圳市、东莞市、江门市、肇庆市
6	29日12:00	北	500~1 500	河南省南部、湖北省、湖南省、广东省北部

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(38)

[1]	生态环境部.2020年中国生态环境状况公报(摘录)[J].环境保护,2021,49(11):47-68. Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China.China ecological environment status bulletin 2020 (excerpt)[J].Environmental Protection,2021,49(11):47-68.
[2]	LEWIS A C.The changing face of urban air pollution[J].Science,2018,359(6377):744-745. doi: 10.1126/science.aar4925
[3]	ZHAO S P,YIN D Y,YU Y,et al.PM_2.5 and O₃ Pollution during 2015-2019 over 367 Chinese cities:spatiotemporal variations,meteorological and topographical impacts[J].Environmental Pollution,2020,264:114694. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114694
[4]	YE T T,GUO S Y,XIE Y,et al.Health and related economic benefits associated with reduction in air pollution during COVID-19 outbreak in 367 cities in China[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2021,222:112481. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112481
[5]	ZHAO H,CHEN K Y,LIU Z,et al.Coordinated control of PM_2.5 and O₃ is urgently needed in China after implementation of the ‘air pollution prevention and control action plan’[J].Chemosphere,2021,270:129441. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129441
[6]	DUAN W J,WANG X Q,CHENG S Y,et al.Influencing factors of PM_2.5 and O₃ from 2016 to 2020 based on DLNM and WRF-CMAQ[J].Environmental Pollution,2021,285:117512. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117512
[7]	CHEN J J,SHEN H F,LI T W,et al.Temporal and spatial features of the correlation between PM_2.5 and O₃ concentrations in China[J].Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,2019,16(23):4824. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16234824
[8]	花丛,江琪,迟茜元,等.我国中东部地区2015—2020年夏半年PM_2.5和O₃复合污染气象特征分析[J].环境科学研究,2021.doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2021.10.17. HUA C,JIANG Q,CHI X Y,et al.Meteorological characteristics of air combined pollution in central and eastern China in the summer half years of 2015-2020[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2021.doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2021.10.17.
[9]	赵龙一,郭佳华,张宇航,等.2015—2019年南阳市臭氧污染特征及气象因素研究[J].环境工程技术学报,2021.doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.2021025. ZHAO L Y,GUO J H,ZHANG Y H,et al.Characteristics of ozone pollution and meteorological parameters analysis in Nanyang City[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology,2021.doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.2021025.
[10]	李欢欢,张凯,牛璨,等.保定市PM_2.5和O₃污染特征分析[J].环境科学研究,2021.doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2021.12.14. LI H H,ZHANG K,NIU C,et al.Analysis of PM_2.5 and O₃ pollution characteristics in Baoding City[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2021.doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2021.12.14.
[11]	姜华,常宏咪.我国臭氧污染形势分析及成因初探[J].环境科学研究,2021,34(7):1576-1582. JIANG H,CHANG H M.Analysis of China's ozone pollution situation,preliminary investigation of causes and prevention and control recommendations[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2021,34(7):1576-1582.
[12]	周胜,黄报远,陈慧英,等.珠三角城市群PM_2.5和O₃污染特征及VOCs组分敏感性分析[J].环境工程,2020,38(1):42-47. ZHOU S,HUANG B Y,CHEN H Y,et al.Pollution characteristics of PM_2.5 and O₃ in the Pearl River Delta and the sensitivity analysis of vocs components[J].Environmental Engineering,2020,38(1):42-47.
[13]	孙丹丹,杨书运,王体健,等.长三角地区城市O₃和PM_2.5污染特征及影响因素分析[J].气象科学,2019,39(2):164-177. SUN D D,YANG S Y,WANG T J,et al.Characteristics of O₃ and PM_2.5 and its impact factors in Yangtze River Delta[J].Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2019,39(2):164-177.
[14]	蒋美青,陆克定,苏榕,等.我国典型城市群O₃污染成因和关键VOCs活性解析[J].科学通报,2018,63(12):1130-1141. doi: 10.1360/N972017-01241 JIANG M Q,LU K D,SU R,et al.Ozone formation and key VOCs in typical Chinese city clusters[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2018,63(12):1130-1141. doi: 10.1360/N972017-01241
[15]	高东峰,张远航,曹永强.应用OBM模型研究广州臭氧的生成过程[J].环境科学研究,2007,20(1):47-51. GAO D F,ZHANG Y H,CAO Y Q.Process analysis of ozone formation in Guangzhou:application of observation-based model[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2007,20(1):47-51.
[16]	陈皓,王雪松,沈劲,等.珠江三角洲秋季典型光化学污染过程中的臭氧来源分析[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2015,51(4):620-630. CHEN H,WANG X S,SHEN J,et al.Ozone source apportionment of typical photochemical pollution episodes in the Pearl River Delta in Autumn[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis,2015,51(4):620-630.
[17]	胡敏,唐倩,彭剑飞,等.我国大气颗粒物来源及特征分析[J].环境与可持续发展,2011,36(5):15-19. HU M,TANG Q,PENG J F,et al.Study on characterization and source apportionment of atmospheric particulate matter in China[J].Environment and Sustainable Development,2011,36(5):15-19.
[18]	赖安琪,陈晓阳,刘一鸣,等.珠江三角洲高质量浓度PM_2.5和O₃复合污染特征[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2018,57(4):30-36. LAI A Q,CHEN X Y,LIU Y M,et al.Characteristics of complex pollution with high concentrations of PM_2.5 and O₃ over the Pearl River Delta,China[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni,2018,57(4):30-36.
[19]	胡建林,张远航.长江三角洲地区臭氧生成过程分析[J].环境科学研究,2005,18(2):13-18. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-6929.2005.02.003 HU J L,ZHANG Y H.Process analysis of ozone formation in the Yangtze River Delta[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2005,18(2):13-18. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-6929.2005.02.003
[20]	WANG H L,SHEN L J,YIN Y,et al.Characteristics and mixing state of aerosol at the summit of Mount Tai (1 534 m) in Central East China:first measurements with SPAMS[J].Atmospheric Environment,2019,213:273-284. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.06.021
[21]	ZHANG Y P,WANG X F,CHEN H,et al.Source apportionment of lead-containing aerosol particles in Shanghai using single particle mass spectrometry[J].Chemosphere,2009,74(4):501-507. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.10.004
[22]	MOFFET R C,de FOY B,MOLINA L T,et al.Measurement of ambient aerosols in northern Mexico City by single particle mass spectrometry[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2008,8(16):4499-4516. doi: 10.5194/acp-8-4499-2008
[23]	MA Y F,WANG M B,WANG S,et al.Air pollutant emission characteristics and HYSPLIT model analysis during heating period in Shenyang,China[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2020,193(1):9.
[24]	CUI L K,SONG X Q,ZHONG G Q.Comparative analysis of three methods for HYSPLIT atmospheric trajectories clustering[J].Atmosphere,2021,12(6):698. doi: 10.3390/atmos12060698
[25]	BELLA D,CULPEPPER J,KHAIMOVA J,et al.Characterization of pollution transport into texas using OMI and TES satellite,GIS and in situ Data,and HYSPLIT back trajectory analyses:implications for TCEQ state implementation plans[J].Air Quality,Atmosphere & Health,2016,9(5):569-588.
[26]	WANG F,CHEN D S,CHENG S Y,et al.Identification of regional atmospheric PM₁₀ transport pathways using HYSPLIT,MM5-CMAQ and synoptic pressure pattern analysis[J].Environmental Modelling & Software,2010,25(8):927-934.
[27]	刘路.2015-2016年全国主要城市空气污染时空变化分析[D].上海:上海师范大学,2018.
[28]	洪莹莹,翁佳烽,谭浩波,等.珠江三角洲秋季典型O₃污染的气象条件及贡献量化[J].中国环境科学,2021,41(1):1-10. HONG Y Y,WENG J F,TAN H B,et al.Meteorological conditions and contribution quantification of typical ozone pollution during Autumn in Pearl River Delta[J].China Environmental Science,2021,41(1):1-10.
[29]	薛敏,王跃思,孙扬,等.北京市大气中CO的浓度变化监测分析[J].环境科学,2006,27(2):200-206. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0250-3301.2006.02.002 XUE M,WANG Y S,SUN Y,et al.Measurement on the atmospheric CO Concentration in Beijing[J].Environmental Science,2006,27(2):200-206. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0250-3301.2006.02.002
[30]	肖致美,徐虹,李立伟,等.基于在线观测的天津市PM_2.5污染特征及来源解析[J].环境科学,2020,41(10):4355-4363. XIAO Z M,XU H,LI L W,et al.Characterization and source apportionment of PM_2.5 based on the online observation in Tianjin[J].Environmental Science,2020,41(10):4355-4363.
[31]	李红,鲍捷萌,毕方,等.PM_2.5与臭氧污染协同控制:挑战与应对[J].世界环境,2020(5):24-29. LI H,BAO J M,BI F,et al.Synergistic control of PM_2.5 and ozone pollution:challenges and responses[J].World Environment,2020(5):24-29.
[32]	王雨燕,杨文,王秀艳,等.淄博市城郊臭氧污染特征及影响因素分析[J].环境科学,2021.doi: https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202105009. WANG Y Y,YANG W,WANG X Y,et al.Characteristics of ozone pollution and influence factors in urban and suburban in Zibo[J].Environmental Science,2021.doi: https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202105009.
[33]	莫雨淳,郑凤琴,廖国莲.南宁市PM₁₀浓度与气象条件分析[J].气象研究与应用,2008,29(1):55-56. MO Y C,ZHENG F Q,LIAO G L.Correlation analysis of PM₁₀ concentration and meteorological condition in Nanning[J].Journal of Meteorological Research and Application,2008,29(1):55-56.
[34]	ZHANG G H,HAN B X,BI X H,et al.Characteristics of individual particles in the atmosphere of Guangzhou by single particle mass spectrometry[J].Atmospheric Research,2015,153:286-295. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2014.08.016
[35]	BI X H,ZHANG G H,LI L,et al.Mixing state of biomass burning particles by single particle aerosol mass spectrometer in the urban area of PRD,China[J].Atmospheric Environment,2011,45(20):3447-3453. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.03.034
[36]	ZHANG J K,HUANG X J,WANG Y S,et al.Characterization,mixing state,and evolution of single particles in a megacity of Sichuan Basin,southwest China[J].Atmospheric Research,2018,209:179-187. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2018.03.014
[37]	周静博,任毅斌,洪纲,等.利用SPAMS研究石家庄市冬季连续灰霾天气的污染特征及成因[J].环境科学,2015,36(11):3972-3980. ZHOU J B,REN Y B,HONG G,et al.Characteristics and formation mechanism of a multi-day haze in the winter of Shijiazhuang using a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SPAMS)[J].Environmental Science,2015,36(11):3972-3980.
[38]	HLEIS D,FERNÁNDEZ-OLMO I,LEDOUX F,et al.Chemical profile identification of fugitive and confined particle emissions from an integrated iron and steelmaking plant[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2013,250/251:246-255. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.01.080