暴雨径流对新安江入库总磷负荷量的影响

李慧赟; 王裕成; 单亮; 罗潋葱; 朱广伟; 许海; 史鹏程

doi:10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2022.01.19

暴雨径流对新安江入库总磷负荷量的影响

doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2022.01.19

李慧赟^1,,
王裕成²,
单亮³,
罗潋葱⁴,
朱广伟^{1, 5},
许海¹,
史鹏程^{1, 3}

1.
中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所，江苏南京　210008
2.
杭州市生态环境局淳安分局，浙江杭州　311700
3.
杭州市生态环境科学研究院，浙江杭州　310014
4.
云南大学，云南昆明　650500
5.
中国科学院大学，北京　100049

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（No.42171034, 41830757）；中国科学院野外站联盟项目（No.KFJ-SW-YW036）

详细信息

作者简介:
李慧赟（1982-），女，山东济宁人，助理研究员，博士，主要从事湖库水文水环境数值模拟研究，hyli@niglas.ac.cn

中图分类号: X143
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-12-01
- 录用日期: 2022-03-01
- 修回日期: 2022-01-12

Effect of Rainstorm Runoff on Total Phosphorus Load in Xin′anjiang

1.
Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
2.
Hangzhou Bureau of Ecology and Environment Chun′an Branch, Hangzhou 311700, China
3.
Hangzhou Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou 310014, China
4.
Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
5.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Funds: National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.42171034, 41830757)；Field Station Alliance Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.KFJ-SW-YW036)

摘要

摘要: 为定量揭示暴雨径流对大型水库外源总磷(TP)负荷量的影响，构建新安江模型，结合TP浓度高频在线监测数据，计算千岛湖主要入库河流新安江街口断面逐日TP负荷量，并在此基础上划分暴雨径流携带TP负荷量对新安江TP年总入库负荷量的贡献. 结果表明：①近60年来，千岛湖流域年暴雨雨量占年降雨总量的28.1%，平均暴雨频次为6.2次/a，年暴雨雨量和频次均在0.001显著性水平上呈上升趋势；②基于逐日流量模拟和高频水质监测数据计算的入库TP负荷量为基于逐月常规监测数据计算结果的2.9倍；③典型年(2020年5月1日—2021年4月30日)通过街口断面进入千岛湖的径流量和TP负荷量分别为96×10⁸ m³和1 506 t，其中由暴雨产生的径流量和TP负荷量占比分别为47.9%和69.4%. 研究显示，暴雨事件对水库外源磷负荷的贡献较大，暴雨径流携带高浓度磷的汇入对水库水质和生态系统健康构成较大威胁，采用高频监测网络与水文数值模型高效融合的方法，能有效提升水库TP外源负荷量的计算精度，可为加强认识水库磷污染过程、保障水库水质安全提供科技支撑.
- 暴雨径流 /
- 新安江模型 /
- 外源负荷 /
- TP /
- 千岛湖
Abstract: The Xin′anjiang model was used to quantify the impact of rainstorm-induced runoff on the external load of total phosphorus (TP) in the Qiandaohu Reservoir Basin. The daily TP load of Xin′anjiang, which is the largest inflow of Qiandaohu Reservoir, was calculated using high-frequency monitoring data of TP concentration and the hydrological model outputs. The contribution of TP load carried by rainstorm-induced runoff to annual total TP load in the Xin′anjiang is quantified. The results showed that: (1) The Xin′anjiang model performed well in the runoff simulation of the Qiandaohu Reservoir Basin. In the past 60 years, the annual rainstorm rainfall in the Qiandaohu Reservoir Basin accounted for 28.1% of the total annual rainfall. The rainstorm frequency was 6.2 times/a. The trends in annual rainstorm rainfall and the rainstorm frequency dramatically increased at the significance level of 0.001. (2) The external TP load calculated by using the Xin′anjiang model outputs of daily runoff as well as high-frequency monitoring TP concentration was 2.9 times monthly manual monitoring values. (3) During May 1, 2020 to April 30, 2021, the inflow of the Xin′anjiang was 96×10⁸ m³, of which the inflow generated by rainstorm accounted for 47.9% of the total inflow. The TP load entering Qiandaohu Reservoir through Jiekou Section was 1506 t, and TP load generated by rainstorm accounted for 69.4% of the total TP load. The results indicate that rainstorm events contributed greatly to the external load of TP of Qiandaohu Reservoir. Correspondingly, the external load of TP carried by rainstorm runoff posed a great threat to the lake water quality and ecosystem health. The combination of high-frequency monitoring and hydrological models can effectively improve the calculation accuracy of TP load. It can also provide scientific and technological support for improving the understanding of the phosphorus pollution process in lakes. The water quality safety of the lakes can be better guaranteed.
- rainstorm runoff /
- Xin′anjiang model /
- external load /
- total phosphorus /
- Qiandaohu Reservoir

HTML全文

图 1 千岛湖流域地理位置

Figure 1. Location of Qiandaohu Reservoir Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 2020年5月1日—2021年4月30日街口断面TP浓度和降雨量的逐日变化

Figure 2. Monitoring data of TP concentration and rainfall of Jiekou Section from May 1, 2020 to April 30, 2021

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 千岛湖流域上游屯溪站模拟流量与实测流量的对比

Figure 3. Comparison between simulated streamflow and observed streamflow at Tunxi Station of Qiandaohu Reservoir Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 2020年5月—2021年4月街口断面逐月流量、TP浓度和负荷量模拟值

Figure 4. Simulated monthly streamflow, TP concentration and TP loading at Jiekou Section from May, 2020 to April, 2021

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 新安江模型模拟所得街口断面在实际降雨条件下与去除暴雨条件下的流量

Figure 5. Simulated streamflow of Jiekou Section under actual rainfall conditions and removal of rainstorm conditions

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 千岛湖流域逐日降雨量、街口断面逐日模拟流量、逐日TP浓度监测值和逐日TP负荷量计算值

Figure 6. Daily rainfall of Qiandaohu Reservoir Basin, simulated daily streamflow at Jiekou Section, daily TP concentration monitoring value and calculated daily TP load

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 千岛湖不同量级降雨量和降雨频次多年变化趋势

Table 1. Multi-year variation trend of rainfall of different magnitude and rainfall frequency in Qiandaohu Reservoir

降雨特征指标		统计量	显著性水平(α)	趋势	倾斜度
小雨	雨量	1.65	0.1	↑	0.40
小雨	频次	0.51	—	—	0.04
中雨	雨量	0.70	—	—	0.63
中雨	频次	0.84	—	—	0.04
大雨	雨量	0.71	—	—	1.07
大雨	频次	0.70	—	—	0.03
暴雨	雨量	3.49	0.001	↑	6.42
暴雨	频次	3.36	0.001	↑	0.08

下载: 导出CSV

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