城镇分布对新安江水系及千岛湖营养盐浓度的影响

赵星辰; 许海; 俞洁; 刘明亮; 单亮; 程新良; 朱广伟; 李慧赟; 朱梦圆; 康丽娟

doi:10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2022.02.02

城镇分布对新安江水系及千岛湖营养盐浓度的影响

doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2022.02.02

赵星辰^{1, 5,},
许海^{1, 5, ,},
俞洁²,
刘明亮³,
单亮³,
程新良⁴,
朱广伟^{1, 5},
李慧赟¹,
朱梦圆¹,
康丽娟^{1, 5}

1.
中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所，湖泊与环境国家重点实验室，太湖湖泊生态系统研究站，江苏南京　210008
2.
浙江省生态环境监测中心，浙江杭州　310012
3.
杭州市生态环境科学研究院，浙江杭州　310005
4.
杭州市生态环境局淳安分局，浙江杭州　311700
5.
中国科学院大学，北京　100049

基金项目: 中国科学院野外站联盟项目(No.KFJ-SW-YW036)；杭州市生态环境科学研究院委托项目(No.0625-20216501)；杭州市农业与社会发展科研主动设计项目(No.20180417A06)

详细信息

作者简介:
赵星辰（1998-），女，内蒙古赤峰人，zhaoxingchen19@mails.ucas.ac.cn

通讯作者:
许海(1978-)，男，安徽蚌埠人，主要从事湖库营养盐生态动力学研究，hxu@niglas.ac.cn

中图分类号: X522
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- 文章访问数: 254
- HTML全文浏览量: 61
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-10-13
- 修回日期: 2022-01-17

Impacts of Urban Distribution on Nutrient Concentrations in Xin'an River and Qiandaohu Reservoir

ZHAO Xingchen^{1, 5
,},
XU Hai^{1, 5
, ,},
YU Jie²,
LIU Mingliang³,
SHAN Liang³,
CHENG Xinliang⁴,
ZHU Guangwei^{1, 5},
LI Huiyun¹,
ZHU Mengyuan¹,
KANG Lijuan^{1, 5}

1.
Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
2.
Zhejiang Eco-Environmental Monitoring Center, Hangzhou 310012, China
3.
Hangzhou Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou 310005, China
4.
Hangzhou Bureau of Ecology and Environment Chun'an Branch, Hangzhou 311700, China
5.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Funds: Field Station Alliance Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.KFJ-SW-YW036)；Hangzhou Institute of Ecological and Environmental Science, China (No.0625-20216501)；Hangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Council, China (No.20180417A06)

摘要

摘要: 快速城镇化会加剧地表水体氮磷营养盐的富集，引起水体富营养化问题. 研究城镇分布对河流与湖库氮磷污染特征的影响，分析其污染热点与来源具有重要意义. 于2020年7月—2021年7月调查了新安江水系及千岛湖水体氮磷污染的时空变化特征，分析了水质与土地利用类型的关系，揭示了千岛湖水体氮磷污染的来源. 结果表明：①时间上，新安江水系氮磷浓度季节性变化差异明显. TN浓度表现为冬季枯水期〔(1.96±1.24) mg/L〕>主汛期〔(1.63±0.71) mg/L〕>春汛期〔(1.42±0.49) mg/L〕，TP浓度表现为主汛期〔(0.101±0.049) mg/L〕>冬季枯水期〔(0.067±0.068) mg/L〕>春汛期〔(0.06±0.033) mg/L〕，汛期氮、磷浓度分别是非汛期的1.6和2.4倍. ②空间上，城镇污染对水体营养盐浓度影响显著. 水体流经人口集中、城镇化程度高的屯溪区后，TN、TP、NH₄⁺-N浓度平均增幅分别为86.1%、77.7%和164.4%，干流水体受纳歙县城镇三大支流来水后，TN、TP浓度平均增幅分别为47.6%、70.3%. ③ Spearman相关分析结果表明，5 km缓冲区耕地和建筑用地面积占比与氮磷营养盐各形态浓度之间均存在显著正相关关系，其中建筑用地面积占比对NH₄⁺-N浓度影响较大(R=0.323，P<0.001)，耕地面积占比对NO₃⁻-N影响相对较大(R=0.265，P<0.05). 研究显示，城镇面源污染是新安江水系氮磷污染的主要来源，降雨径流是水体磷富集的主要驱动力，枯水期城镇污染对水体氮浓度的影响较大，在千岛湖营养盐控制中应尤为关注上游城镇污染管控.
- 新安江流域 /
- 城镇化 /
- 营养盐 /
- 面源污染
Abstract: Rapid urbanization will lead to serious nutrient pollution and eutrophication of surface water. Therefore, it is important to trace nitrogen and phosphorus pollution hot spots and sources to control and manage water quality in those areas. Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in the mainstream of Xin'an River and Qiandaohu Reservoir were investigated simultaneously from July 2020 to July 2021. The temporal and spatial patterns of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in the inflow rivers and their response to field urban distribution were analyzed to explore influencing factors and hot spots of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution. The results are as follows: (1) Nutrient concentrations varied seasonally. For TN concentration, the highest value was observed in winter ((1.96±1.24) mg/L), the intermediate and the lowest values occurred in the main flood season ((1.63±0.71) mg/L) and spring flood season ((1.42±0.49) mg/L), respectively. In contrast, TP concentration in flood season ((0.101±0.049) mg/L) was higher than that in winter ((0.067±0.068) mg/L). The nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in the flood season were 1.6 and 2.4 times higher than those in the non-flood season, respectively. (2) Urban pollution had a significant impact on nutrient concentrations. TN, TP and NH₄⁺-N increased by 86.1%, 77.7% and 164.4%, respectively after the river flowed through Tunxi area with high population concentration and urbanization degree. Furthermore, after the mainstream received three tributaries in Shexian Town, TN and TP concentrations increased by 47.6% and 70.3%, respectively. (3) The Spearman correlation analysis showed that agricultural and residential land proportion in the 5 km buffer area were positively correlated with nutrient concentrations. NH₄⁺-N and NO₃⁻-N were mostly affected by agricultural land ratio (R=0.323, P<0.001) and the proportion of residential land (R=0.265, P<0.05), respectively. The research revealed that urban non-point source pollution was the main source of nitrogen and phosphorus in Xin'an River system, runoff was the main driving force of phosphorus enrichment, while urban pollution had a greater impact on nitrogen concentration in dry season. Therefore, nutrient reduction in Qiandaohu Reservoir should focus on the pollution sources of the towns in the upper reaches of the lake, especially non-point source pollution.
- Xin'an River Basin /
- urbanization /
- nutrients /
- non-point source pollution

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图 1 新安江流域采样点及土地利用类型分布

Figure 1. Location of sampling sites and land use map of the Xin'an River Basin

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图 2 新安江流域采样点5 km缓冲区土地利用类型面积占比和人口密度分布

Figure 2. The component ratio of land-use type for 5 km buffer area and population density in Xin'an River Basin

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图 3 新安江流域监测期间降水量及平均气温

Figure 3. Precipitation and average temperature in Xin'an River Basin during monitoring period

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图 4 新安江流域氮浓度的季节性变化特征

Figure 4. Seasonal variation of nitrogen concentrations in Xin'an River Basin

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图 5 新安江流域TN浓度的空间变化特征

Figure 5. Spatial variation of TN concentrations in Xin'an River Basin

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图 6 新安江流域NO₃⁻-N浓度的空间变化特征

Figure 6. Spatial variation of NO₃⁻-N concentrations in Xin'an River Basin

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图 7 新安江流域NH₄⁺-N和PN浓度的空间变化特征

Figure 7. Spatial variation of NH₄⁺-N and PN concentrations in Xin'an River Basin

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图 8 新安江流域磷浓度的季节性变化特征

Figure 8. Seasonal variation of phosphorus concentrations in Xin'an River Basin

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图 9 新安江流域TP浓度的空间变化特征

Figure 9. Spatial variation of TP concentrations in Xin'an River Basin

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图 10 新安江流域PP浓度的空间变化特征

Figure 10. Spatial variation of PP concentrations in Xin'an River Basin

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表 1 人口密度和土地利用类型面积占比与水质指标的Spearman相关分析结果

Table 1. Results of spearman correlation analysis among population density, land-use type ratio and water quality index

项目	TN 浓度	DTN 浓度	PN 浓度	NO₃⁻-N 浓度	NH₄⁺-N 浓度	NO₂⁻-N 浓度	TP 浓度	DTP 浓度	PO₄³⁻-P 浓度	PP 浓度
人口密度	0.169	0.182	0.121	0.16	0.295^*	0.178	0.247	0.208	0.208	0.238
耕地面积占比	0.290^*	0.303^*	0.333^**	0.265^*	0.131	0.312^*	0.351^**	0.398^**	0.424^**	0.277^*
林地面积占比	−0.243	−0.239	−0.286^*	−0.14	−0.187	−0.282^*	−0.320^*	−0.351^**	−0.394^**	−0.256^*
草地面积占比	0.006	0.054	0.092	−0.019	0.08	0.088	0.101	0.183	0.209	0.028
水体面积占比	0.427^**	0.406^**	0.293^*	0.496^**	0.255^*	0.419^**	0.332^**	0.259^*	0.216	0.432^**
建筑用地面积占比	0.280^*	0.254^*	0.323^*	0.164	0.327^**	0.288^*	0.362^**	0.349^**	0.375^**	0.310^*
湿地面积占比	0.139	0.066	0.211	0.187	−0.054	0.078	0.139	−0.006	0.03	0.223
注：、*分别表示显著性水平为0.05、0.01.

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表 2 土地利用类型面积占比与水质指标的多元线性回归分析结果

Table 2. Results of multiple regression analysis for land-use type ratio and water quality index

水质指标	回归方程	R	P
TN	y=0.514+1.557 Agr%+1.260 Red%+12.975 Wat%−24.223 Gra%	0.753	0.000
TP	y =0.029+0.181 Red%+0.104 Agr%−1.987 Gra%	0.652	0.002
PN	y=0.190+0.801 Red%+0.419 Agr%−9.245 Gra%	0.555	0.018
PP	y=0.008+0.421 Wat%+0.067 Red%+0.049 Agr%−0.974 Gra%	0.713	0.001
NO₃⁻-N	y =0.272+0.848 Agr%+8.478 Wat%−9.392 Gra%	0.837	0.000
NH₄⁺-N	y=0.052+0.294 Red%	0.379	0.036
PO₄³⁻-P	y =0.005+0.041 Red%+0.029 Agr%−0.402 Gra%	0.659	0.001
注：Agr%表示耕地面积占比；For%表示林地面积占比；Gra%表示草地面积占比；Wat%表示水体面积占比；Red%表示建筑用地面积占比.

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