千岛湖大气氮磷干湿沉降特征及周年入库负荷

朱梦圆; 程新良; 朱可嘉; 赵星辰; 王铁森; 邹伟; 许海; 史鹏程; 施坤; 朱广伟

doi:10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2022.02.07

千岛湖大气氮磷干湿沉降特征及周年入库负荷

doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2022.02.07

朱梦圆^1,,
程新良²,
朱可嘉³,
赵星辰^{1, 4},
王铁森¹,
邹伟¹,
许海^{1, 4},
史鹏程^{1, 4},
施坤^{1, 4},
朱广伟^{1, 4, ,}

1.
中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所，湖泊与环境国家重点实验室，江苏南京　210008
2.
杭州市淳安生态环境监测站，浙江杭州　311700
3.
浙江华普环境科技有限公司，浙江杭州　310030
4.
中国科学院大学，北京　100049

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(No.42077161，41830757)；中国科学院野外站联盟项目(No.KFJ-SW-YW036)

详细信息

作者简介:
朱梦圆（1987-），女，江苏无锡人，助理研究员，博士，主要从事水环境科学研究，myzhu@niglas.ac.cn

通讯作者:
朱广伟(1972-)，男，河南中牟县人，研究员，博士，博导，主要从事水环境科学研究，gwzhu@niglas.ac.cn

中图分类号: X522
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-12-01
- 修回日期: 2022-02-08

Atmospheric Deposition Characteristics and Flux of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Qiandaohu Reservoir, China

ZHU Mengyuan^1
,,
CHENG Xinliang²,
ZHU Kejia³,
ZHAO Xingchen^{1, 4},
WANG Tiesen¹,
ZOU Wei¹,
XU Hai^{1, 4},
SHI Pengcheng^{1, 4},
SHI Kun^{1, 4},
ZHU Guangwei^{1, 4
, ,}

1.
State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
2.
Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Station in Chun'an, Hangzhou 311700, China
3.
Zhejiang Huapu Environmental Science and Technology Company Limited, Hangzhou 310030, China
4.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Funds: National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.42077161, 41830757)；Field Station Alliance Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.KFJ-SW-YW036)

摘要

摘要: 大气氮磷沉降是湖库营养盐输入的重要途径，深刻地影响着湖库水体营养盐平衡及生态系统演化进程. 为了解山区大型水库大气氮磷沉降对水体的贡献，于2020年11月—2021年10月在千岛湖街口和淳安县城2个监测站点开展了大气氮磷干湿沉降周年观测，分析千岛湖大气氮磷沉降特征及入库负荷. 结果表明：千岛湖街口监测点大气总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)沉降量分别为1 774.83和34.11 kg/(km²·a)，淳安县城监测点大气TN、TP沉降量分别为1 799.73和34.44 kg/(km²·a). 大气TN沉降以湿沉降为主，街口和淳安县城监测点TN湿沉降分别占总沉降的92%和88%；两个监测点大气TP沉降的组成差异较大，其中街口监测点湿沉降占53%，淳安县城监测点干沉降占60%. 气象条件(降雨)叠加人类活动(施肥等农业活动和旅游等城市活动)能够显著增加大气营养盐沉降量，全年85%的TN沉降和71%的TP沉降集中在降雨期. 观测期间，千岛湖大气TN、TP干湿沉降入湖负荷分别估算为1 041.98和20.04 t/a，分别占千岛湖河道TN、TP输入的9.4%和8.3%. 研究显示，千岛湖大气氮磷沉降量显著低于长三角地区其他水体，但农耕、旅游等人类活动仍造成千岛湖大气营养盐沉降量明显升高.
- 干沉降 /
- 湿沉降 /
- 营养盐 /
- 水库 /
- 富营养化 /
- 人类活动
Abstract: Atmospheric nitrogen and phosphorus deposition is an important source of the nutrient input to lakes and reservoirs, which profoundly affects the nutrient balance and the evolution of aquatic ecosystems. Increased human activities have increased nitrogen and phosphorus loads in the rivers flowing into lakes and reservoirs, and also increased the flux of nitrogen and phosphorus deposition from atmosphere to lakes and reservoirs. In order to understand the contribution of atmospheric nitrogen and phosphorus deposition to the nutrient input of large-scale reservoirs in mountainous areas, annual observations of atmospheric dry and wet deposition were conducted in Jiekou and Chun'an in the upper and middle reaches of Qiandaohu Reservoir from November 2020 to October 2021. The observations revealed the characteristics of the atmospheric nitrogen and phosphorus deposition and its loading in the reservoir. The results showed that the atmospheric deposition of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in Jiekou were 1774.83 and 34.11 kg/(km²·a), respectively. In contrast, the atmospheric TN and TP deposition in Chun'an were 1799.73 and 34.44 kg/(km²·a), respectively. Wet deposition accounted for 92% and 88% of atmospheric TN deposition, while dry deposition accounted for 47% and 60% of atmospheric TP deposition in Jiekou and Chun'an, respectively. Meteorological conditions (rainfall) combined with human activities (agricultural activities such as fertilization and urban activities such as tourism) could significantly increase atmospheric nutrient deposition. In Qiandaohu Reservoir, 85% of atmospheric TN deposition and 71% of atmospheric TP deposition were concentrated in the rainfall period. Without regarding to the influence of long-term transformation and weather variation, agricultural activities (e.g., fertilization) during rainfall period contributed 22% of the annual atmospheric TN deposition and 32% of atmospheric TP deposition in Jiekou, where plowland is the main type of land use. Human activities (e.g., tourism) contributed 33% of atmospheric TN deposition in Chun'an, and it received more than 10 million tourists every year. During the observation period, the load fluxes of atmospheric TN and TP deposition into the reservoir with both dry and wet deposition were estimated to be 1 041.98 and 20.04 t/a, accounting for 9.4% and 8.3% of the TN and TP loading from inflow rivers, respectively. It shows that the atmospheric nitrogen and phosphorus deposition in Qiandaohu Reservoir is lower than other water bodies in the Yangtze River Delta region, which can be used as a background value for environmental protection of surrounding waters. However, the critical roles of farming and tourism in increasing the atmospheric nitrogen deposition in Qiandaohu Reservoir should be paid attention.
- dry deposition /
- wet deposition /
- nutrient /
- reservoir /
- eutrophication /
- human activities

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图 1 千岛湖大气TN沉降量和降雨量的逐月变化

Figure 1. Monthly change of atmospheric TN deposition and precipitation in Qiandaohu Reservoir

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 千岛湖大气NH₃-N沉降量和降雨量的逐月变化

Figure 2. Monthly change of atmospheric NH₃-N deposition and precipitation in Qiandaohu Reservoir

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 千岛湖大气TP沉降量和降雨量的逐月变化

Figure 3. Monthly change of atmospheric TP deposition and precipitation in Qiandaohu Reservoir

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 千岛湖逐月大气TN、TP沉降负荷

Figure 4. Monthly atmospheric TN and TP load in Qiandaohu Reservoir

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 千岛湖大气湿沉降TN和NH₃-N浓度的变化

Figure 5. TN and NH₃-N concentration in atmospheric wet deposition samples in Qiandaohu Reservoir

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 千岛湖大气湿沉降TP浓度的变化

Figure 6. TP concentration in atmospheric wet deposition samples in Qiandaohu Reservoir

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 氮磷湿沉降量与降雨量的相关性

Figure 7. Correlations between atmospheric wet deposition and precipitation

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表 1 千岛湖大气氮磷沉降量与其他湖库的对比

Table 1. Comparison of atmospheric nutrient deposition and load among different lakes and reservoirs

水体名称	研究时段	湖库面积/km²	大气TN沉降量/ [kg/(km²·a)]	大气TN输入占入湖负荷的比例/%	大气TP沉降量/ [kg/(km²·a)]	大气TP输入占入湖负荷的比例/%
千岛湖(该研究)	2020—2021年	573.33	1 774.83(街口监测点)、 1 799.73(淳安县城监测点)	9.4	34.64(街口监测点)、 34.11(淳安县城监测点)	8.3
太湖^[9]	2002—2003年	2 338	4 226	48.80	306	46.20
太湖^[35]	2007年	2 338	2 976	—	84	—
太湖^[10]	2009—2010年	2 338	4 648.6(湿沉降)	18.60	105.7(湿沉降)	11.90
太湖^[36]	2013—2014年	2 338	1 671.37(湿沉降)	—	26.42(湿沉降)	—
太湖^[37]	2017—2018年	2 338	3 268(湿沉降)	—	56(湿沉降)	—
太湖^[38]	2018年	2 338	3 177.6	—	139.2	—
巢湖^[11]	2014—2016年	2 046	3 779.4	39.61	55.11	7.69
洱海^[18]	2020年	251	455.88~921.96(湿沉降)	6.18	—	—
抚仙湖^[17]	2010年	217	—	—	79.2	3.21
星云湖^[17]	2010年	34	—	—	443.5	7.11
阳宗海^[18]	2012—2014年	31	248	—	24	—
乌梁素海^[19]	2018—2019年	293	669.08	0.88~3.14	85.33	0.25~4.11
西湖北里湖^[29]	2010年	0.35	5 129.4(2—7月)	—	71.52(2—7月)	—
丹江口水库^[15]	2018—2019年	1 023	2 421(湿沉降)	10.82	—	—
大河口水库^[39]	2010年	17	3 205.9	—	—	—
汤浦水库^[40]	2014—2015年	14	1 815(湿沉降)	1.77	62(湿沉降)	3.07
三峡水库^[14]	2016—2017年	1 084	2 159	2.7	—	—
三峡水库小流域^[41]	2009年	0.45	—	—	535	—
密云水库小流域^[42]	2019—2020年	3.49	38.393	—	1.953	—
长江流域^[43]	2000—2014年	—	3 320(DIN)	—	—	—

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