新疆天山北坡低层大气稀释扩散能力的季节性差异和量化研究

张众志; 魏雪峰; 苗云阁; 凯楠; 朱亚; 徐峻; 程苗苗

doi:10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2022.04.07

新疆天山北坡低层大气稀释扩散能力的季节性差异和量化研究

doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2022.04.07

张众志^1,,
魏雪峰²,
苗云阁¹,
凯楠³,
朱亚²,
徐峻^1, ,,
程苗苗¹

1.
中国环境科学研究院，环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室，北京　100012
2.
新疆昌吉州环境监测站，新疆昌吉　831100
3.
新疆昌吉州节能减排监督管理局，新疆昌吉　831100

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(No.41575127); 国家重点研发计划重点专项（No.2019YFC0214800）

详细信息

作者简介:
张众志（1991-），男，河北唐山人，工程师，硕士，主要从事空气质量模型数值模拟研究，zhangzhongzhi@craes.org.cn

通讯作者:
徐峻(1969-)，男，北京人，研究员，博士，主要从事大气环境科学研究，xujun@craes.org.cn

中图分类号: X513
计量
- 文章访问数: 234
- HTML全文浏览量: 42
- PDF下载量: 80
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-09-24
- 修回日期: 2022-03-09

Seasonal Variability of Ventilation in the Low Atmosphere over the North Slope of Tianshan Mountains and Its Quantification

1.
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
2.
Xinjiang Changji Environmental Monitoring Station, Changji 831100, China
3.
Changji Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction Supervision and Administration Bureau, Changji 831100, China

Funds: National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.41575127)；National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFC0214800)

摘要

摘要: 随着我国重点区域空气质量水平的整体改善，新疆天山北坡的污染问题日显突出. 为了探究当地低层大气稀释扩散能力的季节性差异及其对污染的影响，综合运用多种观测资料，对PM_2.5污染和气象条件的季节性差异及二者之间的联系进行了系统分析，并利用区域空气质量模型开展数值试验，对低层大气稀释扩散能力进行了量化. 结果表明：①天山北坡主要城市冬季(12月—翌年1月)和春夏季(5—8月)PM_2.5浓度最大可相差10.8倍. 对环流形势、地面气象要素、下垫面和低层大气层结等气象条件分析发现，低层大气稀释扩散能力是造成PM_2.5浓度差异较大的首要外因. ②天山北坡主要城市春夏季的低层大气稀释扩散能力远高于冬季，最高为冬季的4.9倍；稀释扩散能力的逐月变化表明，稀释扩散能力最强和最弱月份最大相差5.6倍. 而同处北方的京津冀地区，春夏季与冬季最大相差2.0倍. 研究显示，合理利用低层大气稀释扩散能力的季节性差异，施行系统性的错峰生产，竭力减少冬季大气污染物排放，将是改善天山北坡城市空气质量的有效途径.
- 天山北坡 /
- 稀释扩散能力 /
- 季节变化 /
- 量化
Abstract: With the improvement of other key regions of China, the pollution problem on the Northern Slope of Tianshan Mountains has become increasingly prominent. In order to investigate the seasonal variation of ventilation capacity and its effect on local pollution, the seasonal variation of PM_2.5 pollution and meteorological conditions, along with their relationship, were analyzed by using multi-observation datasets synergistically. Meanwhile, the seasonal changes of ventilation were quantified by a regional air quality model. It was found that the PM_2.5 concentration in winter (from December to January) can reach 10.8 times that of spring to summer months (from May to August). The analysis of meteorological elements revealed that the seasonal variation of ventilation capacity was the primary external factor responsible for the large concentration difference in low atmosphere. The simulation results indicated that the ventilation capacity of some major cities in spring and summer was much stronger than that in winter, which could be 4.9 times the effects in winter. In terms of monthly variation, the strongest monthly mean ventilation was up to a factor of 5.6 of that in the weakest month. Although the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region is at similar latitude as the Northern Slope of Tianshan Mountains, the difference in ventilation capacity between spring-summer and winter was less than 2.0. Thus, minimizing winter emissions through shifting the peak production among seasons will be an efficient way to improve air quality on the Northern Slope of Tianshan Mountains.
- North Slope of Tianshan Mountains /
- ventilation capacity /
- seasonal variability /
- quantification

HTML全文

图 1 研究区域及观测站点分布

Figure 1. Research domain embedded with the locations of meteorological and air quality monitoring sites

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 2018—2020年天山北坡城市PM_2.5监测浓度的月均变化情况

Figure 2. Time series of observed monthly PM_2.5 in major cities over the North Slope of Tianshan Mountains during 2018-2020

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 2018—2020年天山北坡地面气象要素的逐月变化情况

Figure 3. Monthly variation of surface meteorological elements over the North Slope of Tianshan Mountains during 2018-2020

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 昌吉气象站2018—2020年冬季和春夏季小时平均风速分段统计

Figure 4. Comparison of different windspeed in spring-summer and winter at Changji site during 2018-2020

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 夏季和冬季典型时段天山北坡及周边地区下垫面和区域污染状况特征真彩图

注：此图为MODIS真彩图，图像反映真实状况，黄色为土地，绿色为植被.

Figure 5. True color map of underlying surface and regional pollution over the North Slope of Tianshan Mountains and surrounding area during typical period of summer and winter

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 天山北坡冬季和夏季典型时段探空图对比

注：黑色实线为露点温度，紫色实线为温度，红色虚线为干绝热线，蓝色虚线为湿绝热线，绿色虚线为水含量等值线，灰色斜线为等温线.

Figure 6. Skew-T plot of sounding over the North Slope of Tianshan Mountains during typical period of winter and summer

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 天山北坡主要城市稀释扩散能力、PM_2.5观测浓度的归一化结果以及京津冀地区主要城市稀释扩散能力的对比

Figure 7. Comparisons of the ventilation capacity in major cities over the North Slope of Tianshan Mountains with the normalized PM_2.5 observed concentration and the ventilation capacity in major cities over eastern China

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

参考文献(44)

[1]	尹小君,祝宏辉,GAO G,等.气候变化和人类活动对天山北坡净初级生产力变化的影响[J].农业工程学报,2020,36(20):195-202. doi: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.20.023 YIN X J,ZHU H H,GAO G,et al.Effects of climate change and human activities on net primary productivity in the Northern Slope of Tianshan,Xinjiang,China[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2020,36(20):195-202. doi: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.20.023
[2]	张山清,普宗朝,李新建,等.气候变化对天山北坡经济带设施农业气候适宜性的影响[J].中国农业气象,2016,37(5):495-504. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2016.05.001 ZHANG S Q,PU Z C,LI X J,et al.Impact of climate change on facility agriculture climatic suitability in economic belt on North Slope of Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2016,37(5):495-504. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2016.05.001
[3]	闫晶洁,李艳红,马莹萍.天山北坡河谷型城市大气NO₂和SO₂时空变化及影响因素分析[J].生态与农村环境学报,2020,36(10):1268-1275. YAN J J,LI Y H,MA Y P.Study on temporal and spatial variation of atmospheric NO₂ and SO₂ and analysis of influencing factors in valley-type cities on the Northern Slope of Tianshan Mountains[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2020,36(10):1268-1275.
[4]	李宁,白璐,乔琦,等.天山北坡经济带经济发展与污染减排潜力以及工业绿色发展策略[J].环境科学研究,2020,33(2):503-510. LI N,BAI L,QIAO Q,et al.Economic development,emission reduction potential,and strategy analysis of industrial green development in Northern Tianshan Mountain economic zone[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2020,33(2):503-510.
[5]	张娜.边疆地区城市群工业协调发展的对策建议:以天山北坡城市群为例[J].经济管理文摘,2020(11):1-2.
[6]	谢运兴,唐晓,郭宇宏,等.新疆大气颗粒物的时空分布特征[J].中国环境监测,2019,35(1):26-36. XIE Y X,TANG X,GUO Y H,et al.Spatial and temporal distribution of atmospheric particulate matter in Xinjiang[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2019,35(1):26-36.
[7]	闵月.天山北坡乌昌石地区污染天气过程的气象特征研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2020: 12-13.
[8]	王文兴,柴发合,任阵海,等.新中国成立70年来我国大气污染防治历程、成就与经验[J].环境科学研究,2019,32(10):1621-1635. WANG W X,CHAI F H,REN Z H,et al.Process,achievements and experience of air pollution control in China sincethe founding of the People's Republic of China 70 years ago[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2019,32(10):1621-1635.
[9]	何伟,张文杰,王淑兰,等.京津冀地区大气污染联防联控机制实施效果及完善建议[J].环境科学研究,2019,32(10):1696-1703. HE W,ZHANG W J,WANG S L,et al.Effects and improvement suggestions on air pollution joint prevention and control mechanism in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2019,32(10):1696-1703.
[10]	易唯,杨东,李茜荣.基于GWR模型的天山北坡经济带PM_2.5浓度反演及时空特征分析[J].地球与环境,2021,49(1):51-58. YI W,YANG D,LI X R.Inversion of PM_2.5 concentration in the Economic Zone of Northern Tianshan Mountain Slope based on the GWR model and the Temporal and Spatial characteristics[J].Earth and Environment,2021,49(1):51-58.
[11]	刘琳,张正勇,刘芬,等.天山北坡经济带城市PM_2.5质量浓度时空分布及模拟分析[J].环境科学研究,2018,31(11):1849-1857. LIU L,ZHANG Z Y,LIU F,et al.Spatial-temporal distribution and simulation analysis of PM_2.5 concentration of the cities in the Northern Slope Economic Zone of Tianshan Mountain[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2018,31(11):1849-1857.
[12]	李淑婷,李霞,毛列尼·阿依提看,等.2017—2019 年中天山北坡城市群大气污染及污染天气类型特征[J].干旱区地理,2022.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2021.443. LI S T,LI X,MARTEN A,et al.Characteristics of air pollution and its polluted weather types of urban agglomeration on the north slope of the middle Tianshan Mountains during 2017-2019[J].Arid Land Geography,2022.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2021.443.
[13]	王敬,毕晓辉,冯银厂,等.乌鲁木齐市重污染期间PM_2.5污染特征与来源解析[J].环境科学研究,2014,27(2):113-119. WANG J,BI X H,FENG Y C,et al.Pollution characteristics and source apportionment of PM_2.5 during heavy pollution process in Urumchi City[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2014,27(2):113-119.
[14]	LI M,LIU H,GENG G N,et al.Anthropogenic emission inventories in China:a review[J].National Science Review,2017,4(6):834-866. doi: 10.1093/nsr/nwx150
[15]	ZHENG B,TONG D,LI M,et al.Trends in China's anthropogenic emissions since 2010 as the consequence of clean air actions[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2018,18(19):14095-14111. doi: 10.5194/acp-18-14095-2018
[16]	陈云波,徐峻,何友江,等.北京市冬季典型重污染时段PM_2.5污染来源模式解析[J].环境科学研究,2016,29(5):627-636. CHEN Y B,XU J,HE Y J,et al.Model analytic research of typical heavy PM_2.5 pollution periods in winter in Beijing[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2016,29(5):627-636.
[17]	李霞,杨静,麻军,等.乌鲁木齐重污染日的天气分型和边界层结构特征研究[J].高原气象,2012,31(5):1414-1423. LI X,YANG J,MA J,et al.Researches of weather pattern and boundary layer structure characteristic on serious air pollution days in Urumqi[J].Plateau Meteorology,2012,31(5):1414-1423.
[18]	龚培兰,薛一舟.昌吉大气污染影响因子的探讨[J].新疆气象,1990(3):30-33.
[19]	王健,李景林,张月华.乌鲁木齐市冬季严重污染日的环流分型特征[J].气象与环境学报,2013,29(1):28-32. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2013.01.005 WANG J,LI J L,ZHANG Y H.Weather situation classification and its feature in severe air pollution days in winter in Urumqi[J].Journal of Meteorology and Environment,2013,29(1):28-32. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2013.01.005
[20]	ZHAO X J,ZHAO P S,XU J,et al.Analysis of a winter regional haze event and its formation mechanism in the North China Plain[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2013,13(11):5685-5696. doi: 10.5194/acp-13-5685-2013
[21]	DAVID R.An introduction to the global circulation of the atmosphere[M].New Jersey,America:Princeton University Press,2015:96
[22]	郝然,王卫,郝静.京津冀地区气候类型划分及其动态变化[J].安徽农业大学学报,2017,44(4):670-676. HAO R,WANG W,HAO J.Classification of climate types and dynamic change in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural University,2017,44(4):670-676.
[23]	高嵩,田蓉,郭彬,等.长三角典型城市PM_2.5浓度变化特征及与气象要素的关系[J].科学技术与工程,2018,18(9):142-155. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-1815.2018.09.021 GAO S,TIAN R,GUO B,et al.Characteristics of PM_2.5 concentration and its relations with meteorological factors in typical cities of the Yangtze River Delta[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2018,18(9):142-155. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-1815.2018.09.021
[24]	丁净,张裕芬,郑乃源,等.天津市冬季气溶胶吸湿因子的粒径分布特征[J].环境科学,2021,42(2):574-583. DING J,ZHANG Y F,ZHENG N Y,et al.Size distribution of aerosol hygroscopic growth factors in winter in Tianjin[J].Environmental Science,2021,42(2):574-583.
[25]	姚青,蔡子颖,韩素芹,等.天津冬季相对湿度对气溶胶浓度谱分布和大气能见度的影响[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(3):596-603. YAO Q,CAI Z Y,HAN S Q,et al.Effects of relative humidity on the aerosol size distribution and visibility in the winter in Tianjin[J].China Environmental Science,2014,34(3):596-603.
[26]	ROLAND B S.An introduction to boundary layer meteorology[M].Dordrecht,the Netherlands:Kluwer Academic Publishers,1988:4-5
[27]	李江风.新疆气候[M].北京:气象出版社版,1991:302.
[28]	MALINGOWSKI J,ATKINSON D,FOCHESATTO J,et al.An observational study of radiation temperature inversions in Fairbanks,Alaska[J].Polar Science,2014,8(1):24-39. doi: 10.1016/j.polar.2014.01.002
[29]	郑玉萍,李景林.乌鲁木齐近31年大雾天气气候特征分析[J].气象,2008,34(8):22-28. doi: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2008.08.003 ZHENG Y P,LI J L.A study of the climatic characteristics of heavy fog in Urumqi in recent 31 years[J].Meteorogical Monthly,2008,34(8):22-28. doi: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2008.08.003
[30]	马燕,马洪亮,摆琰.昌吉雾的统计特征[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2008,2(5):46-48. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-0799.2008.05.011 MA Y,MA H L,BAI Y.Statistic characteristics of fog in Changji[J].Desert and Oasis Meteorology,2008,2(5):46-48. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-0799.2008.05.011
[31]	张文博,肖鹏峰,冯学智.基于地面观测数据的天山典型区积雪时间特征研究[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2012,6(3):27-33. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-0799.2012.03.007 ZHANG W B,XIAO P F,FENG X Z.Characteristics of the snow cover dates in the typical area of Tianshan Mountains based on the ground observational data[J].Desert and Oasis Meteorology,2012,6(3):27-33. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-0799.2012.03.007
[32]	LAWRENCE M G.The relationship between relative humidity and the dewpoint temperature in moist air:a simple conversion and applications[J].Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,2005,86(2):225-234. doi: 10.1175/BAMS-86-2-225
[33]	CRAIG F B,EUGENE E C.Fundamentals of atmospheric radiation:an introduction with 400 problems[M].Weinheim,Germany:Wiley-VCH,2006:472.
[34]	牛宏宏,王宝庆,刘博薇,等.乌鲁木齐市散煤燃烧大气污染物排放清单及时空分布特征[J].环境科学研究,2019,32(1):135-141. NIU H H,WANG B Q,LIU B W,et al.Emission inventory and temporal-spatial distribution of air pollutants from residential coal combustion in Urumqi City[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2019,32(1):135-141.
[35]	刘博薇,王宝庆,牛宏宏,等.乌鲁木齐市固定燃烧点源大气污染物排放清单[J].环境污染与防治,2019,41(7):748-752. LIU B W,WANG B Q,NIU H H,et al.Atmospheric pollutant emission inventory from stationary combustion point source in Urumqi City[J].Environmental Pollution & Control,2019,41(7):748-752.
[36]	刘新春,陈红娜,赵克蕾,等.乌鲁木齐大气细颗粒物PM_2.5水溶性离子浓度特征及其来源分析[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(12):2002-2008. LIU X C,CHEN H N,ZHAO K L,et al.Analysis the effect and source on water-soluble ions of fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) in Urumqi[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2015,24(12):2002-2008.
[37]	李欢,唐贵谦,张军科,等.2017—2018年北京大气PM_2.5中水溶性无机离子特征[J].环境科学,2020,41(10):4364-4373. LI H,TANG G Q,ZHANG J K,et al.Characteristics of water-soluble inorganic ions in PM_2.5 in Beijing during 2017-2018[J].Environmental Science,2020,41(10):4364-4373.
[38]	石小翠,帕丽达·牙合甫,宋思醒.乌鲁木齐市PM_2.5中水溶性离子特征及来源分析[J].环境工程技术学报,2021,11(6):1049-1056. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210045 SHI X C,PALIDA Y,SONG S X.Characteristics and source analysis of water-soluble ions in PM_2.5 in Urumqi City[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology,2021,11(6):1049-1056. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210045
[39]	魏明娜,谢海燕,邓文叶,等.乌鲁木齐市采暖期与非采暖期大气PM_2.5和PM₁₀中水溶性离子特征分析[J].安全与环境学报,2017,17(5):1986-1991. WEI M N,XIE H Y,DENG W Y,et al.Water-soluble ions pollution characteristics of the atmospheric particles (PM_2.5and PM₁₀) in Urumqi during the heating and non-heating periods[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2017,17(5):1986-1991.
[40]	王自发,庞成明,朱江,等.大气环境数值模拟研究新进展[J].大气科学,2008(4):987-995. doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2008.04.23 WANG Z F,PANG C M,ZHU J,et al.IAP progress in atmospheric environment modeling research[J].Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences,2008(4):987-995. doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2008.04.23
[41]	SHIMADA S,OHSAWA T,CHIKAOKA S,et al.Accuracy of the wind speed profile in the lower PBL as simulated by the WRF model[J].Sola,2011,7:109-112. doi: 10.2151/sola.2011-028
[42]	张碧辉,刘树华,LIU H P,等.MYJ和YSU方案对WRF边界层气象要素模拟的影响[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(7):2239-2248. doi: 10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.07.010 ZHANG B H,LIU S H,LIU H P,et al.The effect of MYJ and YSU schemes on the simulation of boundary layer meteorological factors of WRF[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2012,55(7):2239-2248. doi: 10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.07.010
[43]	王敏,冯相昭,杜晓林,等.我国工业领域错峰生产政策现状分析及差别化管理探讨[J].环境与可持续发展,2019,44(3):119-122. WANG M,FENG X Z,DU X L,et al.Study on the state quo of staggering peak production and differentiated management policy in the industrial sectors[J].Environment and Sustainable Development,2019,44(3):119-122.
[44]	王敏,冯相昭,王彬,等.错峰生产法律依据现状分析及完善建议[J].环境与可持续发展,2019,44(1):90-96. WANG M,FENG X S,WANG B,et al.Current situation of the legal basis for staggering peak production and suggestion on perfection[J].Environment and Sustainable Development,2019,44(1):90-96.