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重型天然气车实际道路排放特征与机理研究

赵琛 王军方 付明亮 李刚 蒋涵 丁焰

赵琛, 王军方, 付明亮, 李刚, 蒋涵, 丁焰. 重型天然气车实际道路排放特征与机理研究[J]. 环境科学研究, 2022, 35(7): 1573-1580. doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2022.04.10
引用本文: 赵琛, 王军方, 付明亮, 李刚, 蒋涵, 丁焰. 重型天然气车实际道路排放特征与机理研究[J]. 环境科学研究, 2022, 35(7): 1573-1580. doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2022.04.10
ZHAO Chen, WANG Junfang, FU Mingliang, LI Gang, JIANG Han, DING Yan. Real World Driving Emission Characteristics and Mechanism of Heavy Duty Liquefied Natural Gas Vehicles[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2022, 35(7): 1573-1580. doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2022.04.10
Citation: ZHAO Chen, WANG Junfang, FU Mingliang, LI Gang, JIANG Han, DING Yan. Real World Driving Emission Characteristics and Mechanism of Heavy Duty Liquefied Natural Gas Vehicles[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2022, 35(7): 1573-1580. doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2022.04.10

重型天然气车实际道路排放特征与机理研究

doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2022.04.10
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(No.62033012);中国环境科学研究院中央财政科技计划结余经费(No.2021-JY-03)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    赵琛(1995-),男,山西吕梁人,yesbuter_zc@icloud.com

    通讯作者:

    丁焰(1974-),男,河北唐山人,研究员,博士,主要从事机动车污染控制技术及政策研究,dingyan@vecc.org.cn

  • 中图分类号: X734.2

Real World Driving Emission Characteristics and Mechanism of Heavy Duty Liquefied Natural Gas Vehicles

Funds: National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.62033012);Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Budget Surplus of Central Financial Science and Technology Plan (No.2021-JY-03)
  • 摘要: 为掌握重型天然气车在实际道路行驶过程中的排放特性,使用便携式车载排放测试系统(PEMS)对2辆国Ⅴ重型天然气车(简称“国Ⅴ车辆”)和2辆国Ⅵ重型天然气车(简称“国Ⅵ车辆”)进行实际道路排放测试,分析了CO和NOx的排放特征和不同工况下的排放因子. 结果表明:①国Ⅴ车辆在3种代表性道路类型(市区路、市郊路、高速路)下CO和NOx的高排放区主要分布在中低速区域的加速阶段,而国Ⅵ车辆CO和NOx的高排放区在市区和市郊路上主要集中在速度大于30 km/h区间,在高速路两种污染物的高排放区分布较为零散. ②根据MOVES模型划分机动车比功率区间(VSP Bin)后发现,国Ⅵ车辆在Bin 11~Bin 18区间,CO和NOx排放速率基本稳定且处于较低水平;在Bin 21~Bin 28区间,CO和NOx排放速率均随VSP的增加而逐渐升高. ③国Ⅴ车辆综合工况下CO和NOx排放因子分别为国Ⅵ车辆的1.1~3.9和3.3~8.2倍,其中,在市区路分别为3.0~25.0和11.3~30.2倍. ④国Ⅴ车辆的NO2/NOx(浓度比,下同)远高于国Ⅵ车辆,且在高速路国Ⅴ和国Ⅵ车辆的NO2/NOx均最低. 此外,对比不同研究的测试结果发现,本研究国Ⅵ车辆的CO和NOx排放因子高于其他研究中国Ⅵ重型柴油车. 研究显示,国Ⅵ车辆的CO和NOx排放因子均低于国Ⅴ车辆,且在市区路下与国Ⅴ车辆差距更明显,因此,推广使用国Ⅵ天然气车,逐步淘汰采用稀薄燃烧技术的天然气车,能有效减少NOx的排放.

     

  • 图  1  测试路线图

    注:箭头方向为车辆行进方向.

    Figure  1.  Test road map

    图  2  车辆和国车辆在不同道路类型的CO瞬时排放速率

    Figure  2.  Instantaneous CO emission rates of different road types driving of China Ⅴ and China Ⅵ vehicles

    图  3  车辆和国车辆在不同道路类型的NOx瞬时排放速率

    Figure  3.  Instantaneous NOx emission rates of different road types driving of China Ⅴ and China Ⅵ vehicles

    图  4  整个测试行程中3号车实际空燃比、加速度与NOx排放速率

    Figure  4.  The actual air-fuel ratio, acceleration and NOx emission rate of No.3 vehicle whole road test

    图  5  车辆和国车辆在不同工况区间的CO、NOx排放速率及NO2/NOx

    Figure  5.  CO and NOx emission rates and NO2/NOx ratio of China Ⅴ and China Ⅵ vehicle in driving condition bins

    图  6  不同道路类型下国车辆和国车辆排放因子

    注:综合工况指包含3种道路类型的实际道路测试.

    Figure  6.  Emission factors of different road types driving of China Ⅴ and China Ⅵ vehicle

    表  1  测试车辆技术参数信息

    Table  1.   Technical specifications of the test vehicle

    项目1号车2号车3号车4号车
    生产日期 2017年9月 2017年9月 2020年6月 2019年12月
    排放阶段 国Ⅴ 国Ⅴ 国Ⅵ 国Ⅵ
    燃料类型 天然气 天然气 天然气 天然气
    技术类型 稀薄燃烧+OC 稀薄燃烧+OC 化学计量比燃烧+EGR+TWC 化学计量比燃烧+EGR+TWC
    最大牵引质量/t 25 25 40 40
    额定功率/kW 272 272 333 333
    行驶里程/km 114 642 113 397 1 800 175 800
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  基于速度、加速度和VSP的工况区间划分

    Table  2.   Definition of driving condition bins based on velocity, acceleration and VSP

    VSP/(kW/t)速度(v)/(km/h)
    v<1.61.6≤v<4040≤v<80
    VSP<−4Bin 0(a<−0.89 m/s2
    减速工况)、Bin 1
    (怠速工况)
    Bin 11Bin 21
    −4≤VSP<−2Bin 12Bin 22
    −2≤VSP<0Bin 13Bin 23
    0≤VSP<2Bin 14Bin 24
    2≤VSP<4Bin 15Bin 25
    4≤VSP<6Bin 16Bin 26
    6≤VSP<8Bin 17Bin 27
    VSP≥8Bin 18Bin 28
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  不同研究中重型车排放因子对比

    Table  3.   Comparison of CO and NOx emission factors of heavy-duty vehicles

    燃料类型后处理排放标准最大载重/t发动机功率/kWCO排放因子/(g/km)NOx排放因子/(g/km)数据来源
    天然气OC国Ⅴ252720.843.03该研究
    252720.563.02
    TWC国Ⅵ403300.490.93
    403300.210.52
    OC国Ⅴ2791.583.63文献[15]
    柴油DOC+SCR国Ⅴ3600.894.5文献[40]
    国Ⅵ1800.090.1
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2022-02-28
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