碳化对焚烧飞灰“减污降碳”协同处置潜力研究

折开浪; 姚光远; 赵玉鑫; 徐亚; 刘玉强

doi:10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2022.06.08

碳化对焚烧飞灰“减污降碳”协同处置潜力研究

doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2022.06.08

折开浪^{1, 2,},
姚光远^1, ,,
赵玉鑫²,
徐亚¹,
刘玉强^1, ,

1.
中国环境科学研究院固体废物污染控制技术研究所，环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室，北京　100012
2.
吉林建筑大学市政与环境工程学院，吉林长春　130118

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目(No.2020YFC1806304)

详细信息

作者简介:
折开浪（1997-），男，陕西榆林人，skl1026@163.com

通讯作者:
①姚光远(1990-)，男，河南长葛人，助理研究员，博士，主要从事固体废物的资源化利用、填埋处置及环境风险控制研究，yaogy@craes.org.cn

②刘玉强(1975-)，男，安徽蚌埠人，研究员，硕士，主要从事固体废物填埋及场地风险评估研究，liuyq@craes.org.cn

中图分类号: X705
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-02-21
- 修回日期: 2022-05-05

Potential of Carbonization for Co-Disposal of Pollution and Carbon Reduction of Incineration Fly Ash

SHE Kailang^{1, 2
,},
YAO Guangyuan^{1
, ,},
ZHAO Yuxin²,
XU Ya¹,
LIU Yuqiang^{1
, ,}

1.
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Research Institute of Solid Waste Management, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
2.
College of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Jilin University of Construction, 130118 Changchun, China

Funds: National Key Research and Development Project (No.2020YFC1806304)

摘要

摘要: 为探究我国不同地区生活垃圾焚烧飞灰“减污降碳”协同处置潜力，选取我国8个典型地区的飞灰为研究对象，采用加速碳化试验模拟飞灰长期填埋场景，通过重金属浸出试验探究碳化前后其重金属浸出浓度的变化情况，通过热重分析研究其对CO₂的实际吸收能力，同时基于Steinour方程研究2009—2021年我国飞灰对CO₂的理论吸收能力. 结果表明：通过浸出试验得知加速碳化后飞灰中重金属Zn、Cd的浸出浓度分别下降了10%~18%和9%~30%，其中上海市和河南省飞灰样品中Zn的浸出浓度已低于生活垃圾填埋场入场要求. 《生活垃圾焚烧污染控制标准》(GB 18485—2014)的发布实施导致飞灰中碱性成分占比上升，使得飞灰对CO₂的吸收潜能增至标准发布之前的约1.38倍. 以贵州省、上海市、山东省、北京市、广东省、辽宁省、河南省、天津市8个不同地区的飞灰样品为例，通过Steinour方程推算得到2020年我国飞灰对CO₂的理论吸收量达339.93×10⁴ t，约占2020年我国碳排放总量的0.034%. 对上海市、北京市及河南省3个飞灰样品进行加速碳化试验，通过热重曲线得到飞灰在碳化前后CaCO₃分解段的失重率，进一步推算出2020年我国飞灰对CO₂的实际吸收量达16.34×10⁴ t，占其理论吸收量的4.8%，飞灰对CO₂的实际吸收量小于其理论吸收量的主要原因是，在加速碳化过程中产生的碳酸钙及其他聚合物包裹飞灰，使外部CO₂难以进入飞灰内部. 研究显示，加速碳化对飞灰“减污”效果明显，但“降碳”效果仍需对碳化场景以及预处理过程的工艺参数进行优化，以期最大限度地提高飞灰对CO₂的实际吸收能力.
- 生活垃圾焚烧飞灰 /
- 加速碳化 /
- CO₂吸收能力 /
- 浸出毒性
Abstract: In order to investigate the co-disposal potential of ‘pollution and carbon reduction’ of incineration fly ash in different regions of China, fly ash from eight typical regions of China was chosen as the research object. The accelerated carbonation test was used to simulate the long-term landfill of fly ash. The actual CO₂ absorption capacity was studied by thermogravimetric analysis, and the theoretical CO₂ adsorption capacity of fly ash in China from 2009 to 2021 was also investigated using the Steinour equation. The results showed that the leaching concentration of Zn and Cd in fly ash decreased by 10%-18% and 9%-30%, respectively, after accelerated carbonization, and the leaching concentration of Zn in fly ash samples from Shanghai and Henan Province was already lower than the admission requirement of domestic waste landfill. The implementation of China′s Domestic Waste Incineration Pollution Control Standard (GB 18485-2014) resulted in an increase in the content of alkaline components in fly ash, increasing the CO₂ absorption potential of fly ash to about 1.38 times that before the standard′s release. Taking fly ash samples from eight different regions in Guizhou, Shanghai, Shandong, Beijing, Guangdong, Liaoning, Henan, and Tianjin as examples, the theoretical absorption of CO₂ by fly ash in China in 2020 was calculated by the Steinour equation to be 339.93×10⁴ t, accounting for approximately 0.034% of China′s total carbon emissions in 2020. Three fly ash samples from Shanghai, Beijing and Henan were subjected to accelerated carbonization experiments, and the weight loss due to the CaCO₃ decomposition of fly ash before and after carbonization was obtained through thermogravimetric curves. It was, further deduced that the actual amount of CO₂ absorption by fly ash in China in 2020 was 16.34×10⁴ t, accounting for 4.8% of the theoretical absorption. The main reason why the actual absorption of CO₂ by fly ash is less than the theoretical absorption is that the calcium carbonate and other polymers produced in the accelerated carbonization process encapsulate the fly ash, making it difficult for external CO₂ to enter the fly ash. The study shows that the accelerated carbonization has obvious ‘pollution reduction’ effect for fly ash, but the ‘carbon reduction’ still need to optimize the carbonization scenario and the pretreatment process parameters to maximize the actual absorption capacity of fly ash for CO₂.
- municipal solid waste incineration fly ash /
- accelerated carbonation /
- CO₂ absorption capacity /
- leaching toxicity

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图 1 我国不同地区飞灰的XRD分析结果

Figure 1. XRD analysis results of fly ash from different regions in China

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图 2 我国不同地区飞灰的化学元素组成

Figure 2. Chemical elemental composition of fly ash in different regions of China

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图 3 不同飞灰碳化前后热重分析

Figure 3. Thermogravimetric analysis of different fly ash before and after carbonization

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图 4 不同飞灰碳化前后SEM的分析结果

Figure 4. SEM analysis results before and after carbonization of different fly ash

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表 1 不同飞灰碳化前后中重金属浸出浓度的变化

Table 1. Variation of heavy metal leaching concentration in different fly ash before and after carbonization

项目		浸出浓度(mg/L)
项目		Zn	Cd	Pb	Ni	Cr	Hg	Cu	Ba	As
样品编号	F2	110.49	1.30	1.88	0.95	2.02	—	0.84	0.62	0.03
	CF2	98.88	1.17	2.04	0.90	0.72	—	1.22	0.93	0.08
	F4	241.01	15.26	3.97	0.27	0.07	—	3.9	2.04	0.03
	CF4	197.43	12.99	3.67	0.32	0.19	—	3.36	3.33	0.05
	F7	115.80	12.51	3.17	0.41	0.59	—	3.75	2.34	0.02
	CF7	99.02	8.53	3.74	0.44	0.18	—	2.04	2.86	0.04
GB 16889—2008《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》		100	0.15	0.25	0.5	4.5	0.05	10	25	0.3
注：—表示未检出.

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表 2 2009—2021年我国不同地区飞灰的化学组成及CO₂吸收能力汇总

Table 2. Chemical composition of incineration fly ash in different regions from 2009 to 2021

年份	CO₂吸收能力/%	成分含量/%						飞灰来源	数据来源
年份	CO₂吸收能力/%	CaO	SO₃	Na₂O	K₂O	Cl	SiO₂	飞灰来源	数据来源
2009	33.47	16.40	6.73	16.10	7.25	16.00	20.70	上海市	文献[19]
2010	31.96	32.77	10.74	3.81	8.58	20.59	10.77	华东地区	文献[20]
2011	26.40	29.80	6.80	3.20	3.50	10.80	13.90	江苏省	文献[21]
2012	37.05	34.47	5.45	8.11	4.46	16.72	4.12	湖北省	文献[22]
2013	31.25	34.49	7.47	4.93	3.13	13.68	10.55	广东省	文献[23]
2014	33.88	39.10	7.24	3.43	3.68	11.90	15.90	江苏省	文献[24]
2015	29.31	29.40	8.78	2.91	8.48	8.80	23.22	湖北省	文献[25]
2016	42.00	38.85	5.26	8.07	6.02	16.80	10.22	江苏省	文献[26]
2017	43.13	49.60	6.15	2.54	5.17	12.48	4.22	北京市	文献[27]
2018	41.99	34.55	9.00	10.06	9.51	10.12	7.65	重庆市	文献[28]
2019	49.72	43.20	5.90	12.60	5.72	24.60	3.00	中国南部	文献[29]
2020	62.90	56.60	4.00	14.03	5.78	—	1.47	湖北省	文献[30]
2021	44.19	46.03	2.11	4.37	4.79	22.52	11.75	天津市	文献[31]

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