土壤CO<sub>2</sub>浓度变化特征及其对岩溶碳循环的影响

黄淑卿; 赵瑞一; 张乾柱; 何世季; 何迁; 黄薇巍; 刘畅

doi:10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2022.08.12

土壤CO₂浓度变化特征及其对岩溶碳循环的影响

doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2022.08.12

1.
重庆交通大学，重庆　400074
2.
长江水利委员会长江科学院重庆分院，重庆　400026

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目(No.2018YFD1100104)；岩溶环境重庆市重点实验室开放课题(No.Cqk202101)；山东省地下水环境保护与修复工程技术研究中心(筹)开放基金项目(No.801KF-2021-10)

详细信息

作者简介:
黄淑卿（1996-），女，江苏南通人，hsq960820@163.com

通讯作者:
赵瑞一(1987-)，男，河北唐山人，副教授，博士，主要从事岩溶环境与地质生态研究，swu506@163.com

中图分类号: X144
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-05-25
- 修回日期: 2022-07-28

Characteristics of Soil CO₂ Concentration Change and Its Influence on Karst Carbon Cycle

1.
Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
2.
Chongqing Branch, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Chongqing 400026, China

Funds: National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2018YFD1100104)；Open Project of Chongqing Key Laboratory of Karst Environment, China (No.Cqk202101)；Shandong Groundwater Environmental Protection and Restoration Engineering Technology Research Center (Preparatory) Open Fund Project, China (No.801KF-2021-10)

摘要

摘要: 为探究土壤CO₂浓度变化特征及其对岩溶碳循环的影响，于2018年6—12月对重庆市南川区后沟泉水化学及泉域上覆土壤CO₂(监测点土地利用类型为玉米-油菜轮作地)进行为期7个月的连续监测和采样，并结合1—5月的监测数据，定量分析旱雨季土壤CO₂浓度与岩溶碳汇量的季节性演变特征及二者的相互关联性. 结果表明：①土壤CO₂浓度具有显著的季节性变化特征，主要表现为雨季较高、旱季较低，其最高值和最低值分别出现在9月(13 316 μmol/mol)和1月(2 262.63 μmol/mol). ②温度与土壤CO₂浓度之间存在较强的正相关关系(R²=0.82，0.001<P<0.005)，降水量与土壤CO₂浓度之间不具相关性(R²=0.17，P>0.5)，说明土壤CO₂浓度主要受温度的影响. ③泉水Ca²⁺+Mg²⁺、HCO₃⁻浓度在雨季明显高于旱季，而水体CO₂净消耗量在旱雨季无较大差异，这可能是由于受土壤CO₂效应、降水稀释效应和H₂SO₄/HNO₃释放CO₂的共同影响. 研究显示，土壤CO₂浓度的变化特征表现为季节性差异，但在土壤CO₂浓度及外部环境的多重影响下，岩溶碳循环的季节性变化并不明显.
- 土壤CO₂ /
- CO₂净消耗量 /
- 岩溶泉 /
- 碳循环
Abstract: To study the characteristics of soil CO₂ concentration change and its influence on the karst carbon cycle, the spring chemistry, and CO₂ of the overlying soil in the spring area of Hougou, Nanchuan District, Chongqing (the land use type of the monitoring site is maize-oilseed rape rotation) were monitored and sampled for seven months. The seasonal evolution characteristics of soil CO₂ concentration and the karst carbon sink during the dry and rainy seasons and their correlations were quantitatively analyzed. The results showed that: (1) Soil CO₂ concentration had obvious seasonal variation characteristics, which was mainly higher in the rainy season and lower in the dry season. The highest and lowest values appeared in September (13,316 μmol/mol) and January (2,262.63 μmol/mol), respectively. (2) There was a strong positive correlation between temperature and soil CO₂ concentration (R²=0.82, 0.001<P<0.005), but there was no correlation between precipitation and CO₂ concentration (R²=0.17, P>0.5), which indicated that soil CO₂ concentration was mainly influenced by temperature. (3) The concentrations of Ca²⁺+Mg²⁺ and HCO₃⁻ in the rainy season were significantly higher than those in the dry season, while the net CO₂ consumption in water bodies was significantly different between the dry and rainy seasons. This may be due to combined effects of soil CO₂, precipitation dilution, and CO₂ released by H₂SO₄/HNO₃. The study showed that the variation of soil CO₂ concentration was characterized by seasonal differences, but the seasonal variation of the karst carbon cycle was not obvious under the multiple effects of soil CO₂ concentration and external environmental influences.
- soil CO₂ /
- net CO₂ consumption /
- karst spring /
- karst carbon cycle

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图 1 研究区概况示意

Figure 1. Location of the study site

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图 2 温度和降水量与土壤CO₂浓度的相关性

Figure 2. Correlation between temperature, precipitation, and soil CO₂ concentration

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图 3 温度、降水量和土壤CO₂浓度的年变化情况

Figure 3. Annual variation of temperature, precipitation and soil CO₂ concentration

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图 4 Mg²⁺、Ca²⁺、Ca²⁺+Mg²⁺、SO₄²⁻、HCO₃⁻浓度的年变化情况

注：泉域1月、2月、4月、12月枯水，无水样.

Figure 4. Annual variation of Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Ca²⁺+Mg²⁺, SO₄²⁻, HCO₃⁻ concentrations

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图 5 泉点Ca²⁺+Mg²⁺浓度与HCO₃⁻浓度的关系

Figure 5. Relationship of concentration between Ca²⁺ + Mg²⁺ and HCO₃⁻ at the spring

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图 6 CO₂净消耗量的年变化情况

Figure 6. Annual variation of net CO₂ consumption

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图 7 [Ca²⁺+Mg²⁺]/[HCO₃⁻]与δ¹³C_DIC的相关性

Figure 7. Correlation between [Ca²⁺+Mg²⁺]/[HCO₃⁻] and δ¹³C_DIC

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表 1 泉水中主要离子的化学组成

Table 1. Chemical composition of major ion concentrations in spring water

月份	浓度/(mmol/L)								CO₂净消耗量/ (mmol/L)
月份	K⁺	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Cl⁻	SO₄²⁻	NO₃⁻	HCO₃⁻	CO₂净消耗量/ (mmol/L)
1	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
2	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
3	0.01	0.12	2.73	0.09	0.14	0.94	0.50	3.40	0.58
4	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
5	0.03	0.15	2.82	0.16	0.15	1.04	0.45	3.40	0.42
6	0.01	0.13	2.83	0.16	0.19	1.14	0.37	3.80	0.82
7	0.03	0.12	2.89	0.13	0.13	1.14	0.37	3.60	0.58
8	0.07	0.22	3.17	0.14	0.20	1.16	0.37	4.10	0.79
9	0.03	0.12	3.04	0.12	0.15	1.19	0.15	4.40	1.24
10	0.04	0.10	3.07	0.13	0.10	1.12	0.48	4.10	0.91
11	0.03	0.13	2.69	0.11	0.13	1.17	0.13	3.70	0.91
12	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
注：—表示该月份枯水，无水样.

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