富油微藻-真菌共培养资源化处理模拟畜禽养殖废水的效能研究

李双喜; 朱联东

doi:10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2022.10.10

富油微藻-真菌共培养资源化处理模拟畜禽养殖废水的效能研究

doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2022.10.10

李双喜,
朱联东^,

武汉大学资源与环境科学学院，湖北武汉　430079

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(No.22278323)；湖北省杰出青年基金项目(No.2022CFA070)；国家重点研发计划项目(No.2019YFD1101303)

详细信息

作者简介:
李双喜（1994-），男，湖北襄阳人，博士，主要从事藻菌共培养废水处理研究，lishuangxi@whu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
朱联东(1983-)，男，福建龙岩人，教授，博士，博导，主要从事废水培养微藻及其生物质能研究，ldzhu@whu.edu.cn

中图分类号: X713
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-09-05
- 修回日期: 2022-09-28

Performance of Simulated Livestock Wastewater Resource Recovery by Co-Cultivation of Oleaginous Microalgae and Fungi

LI Shuangxi,
ZHU Liandong^,

School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China

Funds: National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.22278323); Outstanding Youth Fund Project of Hubei Province, China (No.2022CFA070); National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2019YFD11013003)

摘要

摘要: 为探究富油微藻-真菌共培养处理畜禽养殖废水的可行性，构建小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)和米曲霉菌(Aspergillus oryzae)的共培养体系，通过调节不同比例的微藻真菌初始接种量，对模拟畜禽养殖废水污染物去除、藻菌结合与采收、生物质干质量与生化组分以及生物柴油生产能力进行系统研究. 结果表明：①C. vulgaris和A. oryzae在废水处理过程中具有协同效应，与C. vulgaris单独处理相比，共培养更有利于污染物的去除. 最优藻菌接种比例为25∶1，TN、NH₄⁺-N、TP、COD和Cu(Ⅱ)的去除率分别达72.51%、71.19%、92.23%、91.47%和90.38%. 藻菌共培养对3种磺胺类药物(SAs)也具有显著的生物去除效果，磺胺二甲嘧啶(SMZ)、磺胺甲恶唑(SMX)和磺胺间甲氧嘧啶(SMM)的去除率分别达57.61%、58.31%和50.48%. ②丝状真菌易于与微藻形成球状体，在菌丝强力支撑作用下，C. vulgaris在废水中呈现悬浮状态，提高污染物的去除率，并实现对微藻的高效采收，最高采收效率为76.91%，采收后的总生物质干质量高达1.26 g/L，总叶绿素含量达15.99 mg/g. ③藻菌生物质中蛋白质、多糖和油脂的含量分别为111、136和249 mg/g，而脂肪酸组分主要以C16∶0(棕榈酸)、C18∶1(油酸)和C18:2(亚油酸)为主，有利于生物柴油生产. 研究显示，C. vulgaris和A. oryzae共培养不仅能有效去除废水中的各类污染物，而且能实现生物质的资源化利用，在畜禽养殖废水处理中具有潜在的工程应用价值.
- 微藻-真菌共培养 /
- 畜禽养殖废水 /
- 磺胺类药物 /
- Cu(Ⅱ) /
- 生物柴油生产
Abstract: To explore the feasibility of co-cultivation of oleaginous microalgae and fungi for the treatment of simulated livestock wastewater, a co-cultivation system of Chlorella vulgaris and Aspergillus oryzae was constructed. By adjusting different initial inoculum ratios of microalgae and fungi, the removal efficiency of pollutants from wastewater, the incorporation and harvesting of microalgae and fungi, the dry weight and biochemical composition of biomass, as well as the production capacity of biodiesel were systematically studied. The results showed that: (1) C. vulgaris and A. oryzae had synergistic effects in wastewater treatment, and the co-cultivation system was more beneficial to the removal of pollutants than C. vulgaris alone. The optimal inoculation ratio of C. vulgaris-A. oryzae was 25:1, while the removal rates of TN, NH₄⁺-N, TP, COD and Cu(Ⅱ) were 72.51%, 71.19%, 92.23%, 91.47% and 90.38%, respectively. In addition, the co-cultivation system also showed better biological removals for three sulfonamides. The removal rates of sulfadiazine (SMZ), sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and sulfamethoxine (SMM) reached 57.61%, 58.31% and 50.48%, respectively. (2) Filamentous fungi were easy to form spherical particles with microalgae cells. With the strong support of mycelium, C. vulgaris was suspended in wastewater, which improved the removal efficiency of pollutants and realized the efficient harvesting of microalgae. The maximum harvesting efficiency of microalgal biomass was 76.91%, and the contents of biomass and total chlorophyll after harvest reached 1.26 g/L and 15.99 mg/g, respectively. (3) The contents of biomass protein, polysaccharide and lipid were 111, 438 and 249 mg/g, respectively. The main fatty acid components were C16:0 (palmitic acid), C18:1 (oleic acid) and C18:2 (linoleic acid), which were beneficial to biodiesel production. The results indicated that the co-cultivation of C. vulgaris and A. oryzae could effectively remove pollutants in livestock wastewater and realize the resource utilization of biomass, which has a potential application in livestock wastewater treatment.
- co-cultivation of oleaginous microalgae and fungi /
- livestock wastewater /
- sulfonamides /
- Cu(Ⅱ) /
- biodiesel production

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图 1 不同微藻-真菌比例(M:F)对TN和NH₄⁺-N的去除率

Figure 1. Removal efficiency of TN and NH₄⁺-N under different microalgae-fungi ratios (M:F)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 不同微藻-真菌比例(M:F)对TP和COD的去除率

Figure 2. Removal efficiency of TP and COD under different microalgae-fungi ratios (M:F)

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图 3 不同微藻-真菌比例(M∶F)对Cu(Ⅱ)的去除变化

Figure 3. Removal of Cu(Ⅱ) under different microalgae-fungi ratios (M∶F)

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图 4 不同微藻-真菌比例(M∶F)对SMZ、SMM、SMX的去除性能

Figure 4. Removal performance of SMZ, SMM, SMX under different microalgae-fungi ratios (M∶F)

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图 5 A. oryzae与C. vulgaris相互结合的电镜图

Figure 5. SEM of A. oryzae and C. vulgaris combined with each other

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图 6 不同微藻-真菌比例(M∶F)对微藻的采收效率

Figure 6. Harvesting efficiency of microalgae with different microalgae-fungi ratios (M∶F)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 模拟畜禽养殖废水的水质参数

Table 1. Characteristics of simulated livestock wastewater

参数	数值
NH₄⁺-N浓度/(mg/L)	123.6
TN浓度/(mg/L)	158.6
TP浓度/(mg/L)	20.6
COD浓度/(mg/L)	1008
Cu(Ⅱ)浓度/(mg/L)	0.50
SAs浓度/(mg/L)	0.40
pH	7.40

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表 2 初始小球藻和真菌孢子投加量

Table 2. Initial concentration of microalgae and fungi

微藻-真菌比例(M∶F)	C. vulgaris投加量/(10⁶ cells/mL)	A. oryzae投加量/(10⁵ spores/mL)
100∶0	2.05	0
100∶1	2.05	0.21
50∶1	2.05	0.42
25∶1	2.05	0.84
10∶1	2.05	2.05
1∶1	2.05	20.5

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 总生物量与叶绿素含量变化

Table 3. Changes of total biomass and chlorophyll contents

M∶F	干质量/ (g/L)	叶绿素a 含量/(mg/g)	叶绿素b 含量/(mg/g)	总叶绿素含量/(mg/g)
100∶0	0.94±0.019	15.49±1.74	9.93±1.05	25.43±1.86
100∶1	1.10±0.023	11.98±3.65	7.26±0.58	19.24±1.23
50∶1	1.13±0.018	13.24±1.59	7.39±0.81	20.64±0.98
25∶1	1.26±0.012	11.59±0.41	4.05±0.85	15.99±0.82
10∶1	0.91±0.014	8.87±0.77	5.28±0.99	14.16±0.65
1∶1	0.79±0.013	8.19±1.65	5.39±0.63	13.59±0.86

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表 4 多糖、蛋白质和油脂的含量

Table 4. The contents of carbohydrate, protein and lipid

M∶F	多糖含量/(mg/g)	蛋白质含量/(mg/g)	油脂含量/(mg/g)
100∶0	124±13	108±6.6	233±17
100∶1	131±16	114±7.5	245±14
50∶1	137±6.2	115±2.3	247±20
25∶1	136±5.1	111±7.4	249±21
10∶1	162±9.6	105±6.5	234±21
1∶1	174±21	109±7.7	258±13

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表 5 主要脂肪酸组分的分布

Table 5. Distribution of major fatty acid composition

脂肪酸组分	占比/%
脂肪酸组分	100∶0	100∶1	50∶1	25∶1	10∶1	1∶1
C14∶0	0.99	0.71	0.36	0.43	1.31	1.03
C16∶0	30.68	33.26	35.02	38.20	38.68	40.50
C16∶1	0.57	5.11	4.73	2.43	0.57	2.25
C18∶0	1.89	4.20	2.11	3.41	1.89	1.70
C18∶1	34.26	31.14	35.21	37.52	40.26	40.32
C18∶2	21.71	19.32	17.80	12.53	11.71	7.89
C18∶3	9.90	6.26	4.77	5.48	5.58	6.31
TSFA	33.56	38.17	37.49	42.04	41.88	43.23
TMUFA	34.83	36.25	39.94	39.95	40.83	42.57
TPUFA	31.61	25.58	22.57	18.01	17.29	14.20

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