Analysis of PM2.5-O3 Compound Pollution Characteristics and Meteorological Causes in Henan Province from 2014 to 2020
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摘要: 为了解河南省PM2.5-O3复合污染特征及气象成因，本文基于2014—2020年河南省18个地级市的空气质量国控点数据及常规地面气象观测数据，对河南省PM2.5-O3的复合污染时空特征及关键气象因子影响进行分析. 结果表明：①在空间分布上，PM2.5-O3复合污染天数呈由河南省中北部向周围逐渐减少的特点，而O3单污染和PM2.5单污染高发区均主要集中于豫北地区. ②在时间特征上，2014—2020年PM2.5-O3复合污染天数呈先增加后减少的特征，最多为12 d (2014年)，2016—2017年未出现复合污染；PM2.5单污染和O3单污染天数均呈“M”型变化趋势，PM2.5单污染天数的2个峰值分别出现在2015年和2019年，分别为174和93 d，O3单污染天数的2个峰值分别出现在2017和2019年，分别为64和79 d. PM2.5-O3复合污染主要出现在4月、5月、6月、7月、10月；PM2.5单污染天数呈“V”型变化趋势，8月污染天数最少，为2 d，O3单污染主要集中在4—10月. PM2.5-O3复合污染时的O3浓度日变化特征与O3日最大滑动平均值(简称“O3-8 h浓度”)均呈“单峰”型. PM2.5-O3复合污染时的O3浓度在16:00达最大值，为171 μg/m3. ③PM2.5-O3复合污染频发时的气温较O3单污染频发时的气温高，而较PM2.5单污染频发时的气温低. PM2.5-O3复合污染频发时的相对湿度较单污染频发时的相对湿度低. 当气温为13.7~23.4 ℃、相对湿度为40%~65%、风向为北或东北风、风速为2.7~3.1 m/s时有利于PM2.5-O3复合污染的发生. 研究显示，2014—2020年河南省PM2.5-O3复合污染具有明显的时空特征且污染程度先减轻后加重的趋势，气温、相对湿度、风速和风向对PM2.5-O3复合污染影响显著.Abstract: In order to understand the characteristics of PM2.5-O3 compound pollution and the meteorological contributing factors in Henan Province, this study analyzes the temporal and spatial characteristics of PM2.5-O3 compound pollution and the impact of the key meteorological factors based on the data of national air quality control points and conventional ground meteorological observation from 18 prefecture-level cities in Henan Province from 2014 to 2020. The results show that: (1) For the spatial distribution, the composite of PM2.5-O3 pollution days decrease gradually from the central north of Henan Province to the surrounding areas, and the high incidence areas of single O3 pollution days and single PM2.5 pollution days are mainly concentrated in northern Henan Province. (2) In terms of the temporal characteristics, from 2014 to 2020, the days of PM2.5-O3 composite pollution increase first and then decrease, with a maximum of 12 days (in 2014). From 2016 to 2017, there is no composite pollution. Both single PM2.5 and O3 pollution show ‘M’ type trends. The two peaks of single PM2.5 pollution appear in 2015 and 2019, with 174 and 93 days, respectively. The two peaks of single O3 pollution appear in 2017 and 2019, with 64 and 79 days, respectively. The monthly variation of PM2.5-O3 composite pollution days is mainly concentrated in April-July and October. The single PM2.5 pollution shows a ‘V’ type trend with the minimum pollution days of two occurring in August. The single O3 pollution is mainly concentrated in April-October. The daily variation characteristics of PM2.5-O3 composite pollution are consistent with the daily maximum running average value of O3 (referred to as ‘O3-8 h concentration’), which show a ‘single-peak’ distribution and reach the maximum of 171 μg/m3 at 16:00. (3) The air temperature leading to PM2.5-O3 composite pollution is higher than that of single O3 pollution and lower than that of single PM2.5 pollution, and the relative humidity is lower than that of single pollution. When the air temperature is 13.7-23.4 ℃, the relative humidity ranges from 40% to 65%, the wind direction is north or northeast, and the wind speed is 2.7-3.1 m/s, it is conducive to the occurrence of PM2.5-O3 composite pollution. The results show that the PM2.5-O3 compound pollution in Henan Province has obvious temporal and spatial characteristics from 2014 to 2020 and the pollution level first decreases and then increases. Temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and wind direction have significant impact on the PM2.5-O3 compound pollution.
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Key words:
- PM2.5 /
- O3 /
- compound pollution /
- meteorological factors /
- Henan Province
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图 1 2014—2020年河南省PM2.5-O3复合污染和单污染的年均天数变化特征
Figure 1. Annual changes of PM2.5-O3 compound pollution and single pollution in Henan Province from 2014 to 2020
图 2 河南省2014—2020年PM2.5-O3复合污染和单污染天数的年变化特征
Figure 2. Annual variation characteristics of PM2.5-O3 compound pollution and single pollution in Henan Province from 2014 to 2020
图 3 2014—2020年河南省PM2.5-O3复合污染和单污染天数的月变化情况
Figure 3. Monthly change of PM2.5-O3 compound pollution and single pollution days in Henan Province from 2014 to 2020
图 4 2014—2020年河南省PM2.5和O3浓度日变化以及O3单污染和PM2.5-O3复合污染日的O3浓度日变化情况
Figure 4. Daily changes of PM2.5 and O3 concentrations, and daily changes of single O3 pollution and PM2.5-O3 compound pollution in Henan Province from 2014 to 2020
图 5 河南省PM2.5-O3复合污染时气温分布情况
Figure 5. Temperature distribution under PM2.5-O3 compound pollution in Henan Province
图 6 河南省PM2.5-O3复合污染时相对湿度分布情况
Figure 6. Relative humidity distribution under PM2.5-O3 compound pollution in Henan Province
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