工业城市人为源VOCs排放特征及典型行业控制对策：以聊城市为例

冯如帆; 伦小秀; 王强; 李庆坤; 黄浩瑜; 李万勇; 李丹

doi:10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2022.11.07

工业城市人为源VOCs排放特征及典型行业控制对策：以聊城市为例

doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2022.11.07

1.
北京林业大学环境科学与工程学院，北京　100083
2.
聊城市环境科学工程设计院有限公司，山东聊城　252000

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金面上项目(No.42077454)；大气重污染成因与治理攻关项目(No.DQGG202126)

详细信息

作者简介:
冯如帆（1998-），男，山东聊城人，1754033684@qq.com

通讯作者:
伦小秀(1975-)，女，山东潍坊人，教授，博士，博导，主要从事大气污染控制研究，lunxiaoxiu@bjfu.edu.cn

中图分类号: X511
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-08-31
- 修回日期: 2022-11-06

Characteristics of Anthropogenic VOCs Emissions in Industrial Cities and Typical Industry Control Measures: A Case Study of Liaocheng City

1.
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
2.
Liaocheng Environmental Science Engineering Design Institute Co., Ltd., Liaocheng 252000, China

Funds: National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.42077454); National Research Program for Key Issues in Air Pollution Control, China (No.DQGG202126)

摘要

摘要: 近年来以PM_2.5和臭氧(O₃)为特征污染物的大气复合污染问题频发，VOCs是工业城市O₃和PM_2.5产生的重要前体物之一，明确VOCs排放来源及特征有利于精准减排以及PM_2.5和O₃协同控制措施的制定. 聊城市是山东省典型工业城市，PM_2.5和O₃分别是秋冬季、夏季的首要污染物. 本研究以聊城市为例，运用排放因子法构建2020年聊城市人为源VOCs排放清单，分析VOCs排放来源及特征并提出控制对策. 结果表明：①2020年聊城市VOCs排放总量为28 434.5 t，溶剂使用源(10 551.5 t)、工艺过程源(6 504.9 t)和移动源(6 311.1 t)为主要排放来源，总占比为82%，与其他工业城市情况相似. ②从空间分布来看，VOCs排放明显集中于城区，与工业企业及人口分布等具有密切联系. 茌平区及东昌府区VOCs排放量较大，分别为6 800.1、6 333.4 t. ③从三级排放源看，机动车(5 748.4 t)、木材生产及胶粘剂使用(4 586.7 t)、橡胶和塑料制品业(2 849.2 t)等VOCs排放量较大，且排放的特征组分对大气中O₃及二次有机气溶胶的生成影响较显著. ④通过对典型行业原辅材料和末端设施使用情况进行分析，发现建筑涂料使用、工业涂装和印刷印染行业溶剂型涂料使用量占比分别为49%、91%和56%，同时工业涂装、印刷印染以及石化与化工行业的高效末端设施使用数量占比总体不足20%，具有较大的减排潜力. 研究显示，聊城市工业VOCs排放源减排潜力较大，应尽快推进典型行业低挥发性溶剂和高效末端设施的替代升级.
- PM_2.5 /
- 臭氧(O₃) /
- 挥发性有机物(VOCs) /
- 排放特征 /
- 减排潜力
Abstract: In recent years, combined air pollution with PM_2.5 and ozone (O₃) as the main pollutants occurs frequently. VOCs are one of the important precursors of O₃ and PM_2.5 in industrial cities. A clear understanding of the emission sources and characteristics of VOCs are important for the development of emission reduction and of PM_2.5 and O₃ collaborative control measures. Liaocheng is a typical industrial city in Shandong Province. PM_2.5 and O₃ are primary pollutants in winter and summer, respectively. Taking Liaocheng City as an example, this study used the emission factor method to construct the emission inventory of anthropogenic VOCs in Liaocheng City in 2020, analyzed the VOCs emission sources and characteristics, and put forward control measures. The results showed that: (1) In 2020, the total amount of VOCs emissions in Liaocheng City is 28,434.5 t, and the main emission sources are solvent use source (1,0551.5 t), industrial processing source (6,504.9 t), and motor vehicle source (6,311.1 t), accounting for 82%, which is similar to that in other industrial cities. (2) From the perspective of spatial distribution, VOCs emissions in urban areas are significantly concentrated, which is closely related to the distribution of industrial enterprises and population. Chiping District and Dongchangfu District have relatively large VOCs emissions, reaching 6,800.1 and 6,333.4 t, respectively. (3) From the tertiary emission sources, VOCs emissions from motor vehicles are 5,748.4 t, wood production and adhesive use are 4,586.7 t, rubber and plastic products industry is 2,849.2 t. The main components have a significant impact on the generation of O₃ and secondary organic aerosols in the atmosphere. (4) Through the analysis of the use of raw and auxiliary materials and terminal facilities in typical industrial enterprises, it is found that the use of architectural coatings, industrial coating and printing and dyeing industry solvent coating accounts for 49%, 91% and 56%, respectively. Meanwhile, the number of efficient terminal facilities used in industrial coating, printing and dyeing, and petrochemical and chemical industries accounts for less than 20%, which has a great potential for emission reduction. The study showed that industrial VOCs emission sources in Liaocheng City have great emission reduction potential. The replacement and upgrading of low volatile solvents and efficient end facilities in typical industries should be promoted as soon as possible.
- PM_2.5 /
- ozone (O₃) /
- volatile organic compounds (VOCs) /
- emission characteristics /
- emissions reduction potential

HTML全文

图 1 聊城市2020年VOCs污染源排放量及其占比

Figure 1. Emissions of VOCs pollution sources and its proportion in Liaocheng City in 2020

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 聊城市2020年VOCs排放量空间分布

Figure 2. Spatial distribution of VOCs emission in Liaocheng City in 2020

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 聊城市VOCs排放量1 km×1 km网格化分布情况

Figure 3. The 1 km×1 km VOCs emission grid distribution of Liaocheng City

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 聊城市各排放源对VOCs排放量的贡献率

Figure 4. Contribution rate of each emission source to VOCs emission in Liaocheng City

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 聊城市VOCs主要排放来源

Figure 5. The main emission sources of VOCs in Liaocheng City

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图 6 聊城市部分涉VOCs行业不同末端设施数量占比

Figure 6. Proportion of different terminal treatment facilities in VOCs related industries in Liaocheng City

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 聊城市2020年VOCs排放清单

Table 1. The VOCs emission inventory of Liaocheng City in 2020

一级排放源	二级排放源	VOCs排放量/t
化石燃料固定燃烧源	电力供热	1 233.3
	工业锅炉	87.7
	民用锅炉	4.4
	民用燃烧	809.2
	小计	2 134.5
工艺过程源	钢铁	158.5
	水泥	204.0
	砖瓦	444.1
	陶瓷	137.2
	石灰	375.4
	其他建材	188.7
	石化与化工	4 239.8
	医药制造	163.3
	食品	394.1
	轻纺	33.7
	造纸	165.6
	储罐	0.6
	小计	6 504.9
移动源	机动车	5 748.4
	非道路机械	562.7
	小计	6 311.1
溶剂使用源	工业涂装	6 100.0
	印刷印染	86.5
	建筑涂料	2 578.4
	农药使用	546.4
	家庭溶剂	1 142.0
	汽修	15.1
	干洗	83.0
	小计	10 551.5
储存运输源	油气储存	70.7
	油气运输	691.9
	小计	762.6
生物质燃烧源	生物质电厂	1 712.5
	工业生物质锅炉	400.7
	生物质炉灶	22.0
	小计	2 135.2
废弃物处理源	废水处理	2.5
其他排放源	餐饮油烟	32.2
合计		28 434.5

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 聊城市与我国其他城市VOCs排放水平对比

Table 2. The comparison of VOCs emission levels between Liaocheng City and other cities in China

主要排放源	VOCs排放量/t
主要排放源	聊城市 (2020年)	鹤壁市^[28] (2017年)	西安市^[36] (2016年)	苏州市^[35] (2016年)
化石燃料固定燃烧源	2 134.5	539.4	3 008	1.2×10⁴
工艺过程源	6 504.9	3 052.5	2.4×10⁴	6.3×10⁴
移动源	6 311.1	2 712.8	2.9×10⁴	6.6×10⁴
溶剂使用源	10 551.5	1 447.1	5.1×10⁴	1.0×10⁵
储存运输源	762.6	521.6	5 626.0	1.7×10⁴
生物质燃烧源	2 135.2	483.7	4 543.0	1.1×10⁴
废弃物处理源	2.5	72.6	1 490.0	—
其他排放源	32.2	576.0	—	—
生活源	—	—	—	5.6×10³
合计	28 434.5	8 829.7	1.2×10⁵	2.8×10⁵

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 聊城市VOCs排放清单不确定性

Table 3. Uncertainties of the VOCs emission inventory of Liaocheng City

排放源	不确定范围
溶剂使用源	−30.5%~54.3%
工艺过程源	−30.8%~53.3%
移动源	−44.4%~76.6%
化石燃料固定燃烧源	−21.4%~33.4%
生物质燃烧源	−50.3%~84.2%
储存运输源	−60.5%~126.0%
其他排放源	−66.7%~133.3%
废弃物处理源	−66.9%~131.0%
合计	−34.6%~61.0%

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 聊城市涉VOCs典型行业溶剂使用情况

Table 4. The solvent use of typical VOCs related industriess in Liaocheng City

行业类型	溶剂使用类型	使用量/t
工业涂装	溶剂型	309 998.98
	水性	5 455.43
	高固分	16 568.42
	粉末	7 992.54
	其他	563.59
	小计	340 578.96
印刷印染	溶剂型油墨	1 392.15
	UV油墨	262.83
	植物大豆平板油墨	848.08
	小计	2 503.06
建筑涂料	溶剂型涂料	5 294
	水性涂料	5 605
	小计	10 899

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