厌氧膜生物反应器处理市政污水的产甲烷性能及微生物代谢特征

刘佳乐; 雷振; 崔耀奎; 陈荣

doi:10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2022.11.14

厌氧膜生物反应器处理市政污水的产甲烷性能及微生物代谢特征

doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2022.11.14

刘佳乐^{1, 2,},
雷振^{1, 2},
崔耀奎³,
陈荣^{1, 2, ,}

1.
西安建筑科技大学环境与市政工程学院，陕西西安　710055
2.
西北水资源与环境生态教育部重点实验室，陕西西安　710055
3.
西安思源学院，陕西西安　710038

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金面上项目(No.51978560, 52270049)；陕西省杰出青年基金项目(No.2022JC-031)

详细信息

作者简介:
刘佳乐（1998-），男，陕西西安人，liujiale@xauat.edu.cn

通讯作者:
陈荣(1980-)，男，江西赣州人，教授，博士，博导，主要从事污水处理与资源化研究，chenrong@xauat.edu.cn

中图分类号: X703
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-08-15
- 修回日期: 2022-10-27

Study on Process Characteristics and Microorganism of Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor for Municipal Wastewater Treatment

LIU Jiale^{1, 2
,},
LEI Zhen^{1, 2},
CUI Yaokui³,
CHEN Rong^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi′an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi′an 710055, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Xi′an 710055, China
3.
Xi′an Siyuan University, Xi′an 710038, China

Funds: National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51978560, 52270049); Shaanxi Outstanding Youth Fund, China (No.2022JC-031)

摘要

摘要: 厌氧膜生物反应器(anaerobic membrane bioreactor, AnMBR)作为一种新型厌氧处理技术，可高效去除污水中的有机物并以CH₄的形式回收再利用，降低污水处理能耗与碳排量，助力实现“双碳”目标. 为评估AnMBR处理市政污水时的能源回收潜力，进一步揭示处理系统工艺特性，考察了不同水力停留时间(hydraulic retention time, HRT)下AnMBR处理市政污水的污染物去除及产甲烷性能、微生物代谢产物及微生物群落组成特征. 结果表明：①在室温条件下，HRT从24 h缩短至3.2 h过程中反应器均可实现高效的化学需氧量(chemical oxygen demand, COD)去除与产甲烷性能，COD去除效率稳定在95%以上，进水77%以上的COD转化为CH₄，出水COD浓度低至(21.2±7.8) mg/L. ②反应器中溶解性微生物代谢产物(soluble microbial products, SMP)浓度为70~200 mg/L(以COD计)，蛋白质/多糖(含量比，下同)为4.3~5.5，远高于胞外聚合物中的蛋白质/多糖(2.0~4.0)，膜污染潜力高. ③微生物群落分析发现，产甲烷古菌与细菌的丰度比与固体停留时间(solid retention time, SRT)呈显著负相关(P<0.05)，且不同粒径颗粒中微生物群落组成差异显著，产甲烷古菌在粒径≥10 μm的颗粒中丰度较高，维持混合液挥发性悬浮固体浓度(MLVSS)在8.0~11.5 g/L之间、SRT在60~80 d之间可避免功能菌群失衡. 研究显示，AnMBR处理市政污水可实现良好的污染物去除效果与产甲烷性能，但过长的SRT会导致污泥浓度过高、SMP浓度增大以及产甲烷古菌丰度降低，影响反应器高效稳定运行.
- 厌氧膜生物反应器 /
- 市政污水 /
- 产甲烷性能 /
- 微生物代谢产物 /
- 微生物群落
Abstract: Anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR), as a novel anaerobic treatment technology, can efficiently remove organics and recover CH₄ in sewage treatment, reduce energy consumption and carbon emission, and help achieve ‘carbon peak and neutrality’. To evaluate the energy recovery potential and reveal the process characteristics of AnMBR in the treatment of sewage, the organics removal efficiency, methane production efficiency, microbial metabolites, and characteristics of microbial community of AnMBR treated sewage were investigated under different hydraulic retention times (HRT). The results are as follows: (1) When the HRT was shortened from 24 h to 3.2 h, the reactor achieved high-efficiency chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and methane production performance at room temperature. The COD removal efficiency was over 95%, and more than 77% of the influent COD was converted into CH₄, resulting an low effluent COD concentration of (21.2±7.8) mg/L. (2) The concentration of soluble microbial products (SMP) in the reactor was 70-200 mg/L (calculated by COD); the protein/polysaccharide (content ratio) of soluble microbial products was 4.3-5.5, which was much higher than that of extracellular polymeric substances (2.0-4.0), indicating that the soluble microbial products had a high membrane fouling potential. (3) Microbial community analysis showed that the abundance ratio of methane producing archaea to bacteria was significantly negatively correlated with solids residence time (P<0.05), and microbial community with different particle sizes showed large difference, and methane producing archaea reached higher abundance in particle size≥10 μm. Maintaining an appropriate volatile suspended solids concentration of 8.0-11.5 g/L and SRT of 60-80 days was beneficial to avoid the imbalance between bacteria and methane producing archaea. The results show the AnMBR can achieve excellent pollutants removal efficiency and methane producing performance in sewage treatment, while overlong SRT may result in high sludge concentration, increase of soluble microbial products concentration and decrease of methane producing archaea abundance, affecting the efficiency and stability of the reactor.
- anaerobic membrane bioreactor /
- sewage /
- methanogenic performance /
- microbial metabolites /
- microbial community

HTML全文

图 1 AnMBR装置示意

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the AnMBR

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图 2 AnMBR运行条件及COD去除性能

注：Ⅰ~Ⅵ分别表示阶段Ⅰ~Ⅵ，下同.

Figure 2. AnMBR operating conditions and COD removal efficiency

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图 3 AnMBR出水有机物分子量分布及不同有机物组分占比(依据TOC计算)

Figure 3. Molecular weight distribution and proportion (calculated by TOC) of the organics in AnMBR effluent

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图 4 AnMBR产甲烷性能

注：图中箭头表示该时间更换膜组件.

Figure 4. Methanogenesis performance of the AnMBR

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图 5 AnMBR中SMP浓度(以COD计)、主要组分浓度的变化以及SRT与OLR

Figure 5. SMP Concentration (calculated by COD), main compositions of SMP, SRT and OLR of sludge in the AnMBR

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图 6 污泥LB-EPS与TB-EPS中蛋白质及多糖含量

Figure 6. Protein and polysaccharide contents of LB-EPS and TB-EPS in sludge

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图 7 不同运行时间产甲烷古菌和细菌丰度变化以及SRT对古菌与细菌丰度比的影响

Figure 7. Abundance of methane producing archaeaand bacteria at different times and the impact of SRT on the methane producing archaea/bacteria abundance ratio

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图 8 不同粒径污泥中微生物门水平群落组成

注：样品取自反应器运行400 d时，其他表示丰度<1.0%的门.

Figure 8. Microbial community at phylum level in particle with different sizes

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图 9 目水平细菌与科水平古菌群落组成

注：图中仅列出了任一样品丰度>0.5%的微生物.

Figure 9. Bacteria community and order level and archaea at genus level

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表 1 AnMBR运行参数

Table 1. Operational parameters of the AnMBR

HRT/h	有机负荷/[kg/(m³·d)]	膜片数量/个	膜面积/m²	膜瞬时通量/[L/(m²·h)]	生物气循环流量/(L/min)	出水泵运行模式
24 (阶段Ⅰ)	0.5	1	0.1	13.2	4.5	1 min开, 5 min关
12 (阶段Ⅱ)	1.0	1	0.1	12.9	4.5	1 min开，2 min关
7.2 (阶段Ⅲ)	1.7	1	0.1	17.6	4.5	1 min 25 s开, 1 min 35 s关
5.5 (阶段Ⅳ)	2.2	2	0.2	11.7	9.0	1 min 25 s开, 1 min 35 s关
3.6 (阶段Ⅴ)	3.3	2	0.2	17.6	9.0	1 min 25 s开, 1 min 35 s关
3.2 (阶段Ⅵ)	3.8	2	0.2	19.9	9.0	1 min 35 s开, 1 min 25 s关

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表 2 不同HRT下AnMBR产甲烷化性能与COD平衡分析

Table 2. Methane producing performance and COD balance analysis a AnMBR under different HRTs

HRT/h	CH₄产率/(mL/g)	COD甲烷化效率/%	不同去向COD占比/%
HRT/h	CH₄产率/(mL/g)	COD甲烷化效率/%	气态CH₄	溶解性CH₄	出水	污泥增殖	其他¹⁾
7.2	280.4	80.1	70.9	6.6	3.3	12.5	6.8
5.5	307.7	87.9	78.3	6.4	3.7	6.4	5.3
3.6	319.4	91.2	76.6	10.2	4.8	5.1	3.2
注：1)其他代表硫化物等.

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