京津冀区域人为源VOCs排放特征及管控策略

王晓琦; 程水源; 王瑞鹏

doi:10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2022.11.26

京津冀区域人为源VOCs排放特征及管控策略

doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2022.11.26

北京工业大学，区域大气复合污染防治北京市重点实验室，北京　100124

基金项目: 大气重污染成因与治理攻关项目(No.DQGG202010)

详细信息

作者简介:
王晓琦（1991-），男，吉林松原人，助理研究员，博士，硕导，主要从事大气复合污染防治与环境规划管理等研究，wangxq@bjut.edu.cn

通讯作者:
程水源(1958-)，男，河北邯郸人，教授，博士，博导，主要从事大气复合污染防治与环境规划管理等研究，chengsy@bjut.edu.cn

中图分类号: X513
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-09-08
- 修回日期: 2022-11-20

Emission Characteristics and Priority Classification Control of Anthropogenic VOCs Sources in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region

Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China

Funds: National Research Program for Key Issues in Air Pollution Control, China (No.DQGG202010)

摘要

摘要: 挥发性有机物(volatile organic compounds, VOCs)是细颗粒物(PM_2.5)与臭氧(O₃)的重要前体物，对我国城市复合污染的形成有重要影响，京津冀区域大气污染问题严峻，VOCs排放源类别复杂，且排放量基数大，亟需形成有效的VOCs管控策略. 因此选取京津冀区域人为源VOCs排放为研究对象，建立2018年分行业分物种VOCs排放清单，并基于实测与文献调研的行业VOCs成分谱数据，获取各排放源臭氧生成潜势(ozone formation potential, OFP)与二次有机气溶胶生成潜势(secondary organic aerosol formation potential, SOAP)，同时构建VOCs排放源优先控制分级技术方法，计算各排放源分级指数，明确优先控制排放源目标. 结果表明：①京津冀区域2018年人为源VOCs排放总量为214.0×10⁴ t，其中芳香烃、烷烃与含氧有机物为主要物种. ②小型客车、工业防护涂料、重型货车、焦化行业是OFP与SOAP的最主要来源. ③工业防护涂料、小型客车、重型货车、焦化行业、钢铁行业、供暖燃烧、生物质燃烧源的分级指数均较高. 研究显示，基于行业VOCs排放量、OFP和SOAP的单一因素制定管控策略存在一定的局限性，为了实现PM_2.5与O₃的科学协同防控，建议加强基于综合因素研究得到的分级指数较高排放源的控制.
- 挥发性有机物(VOCs) /
- 排放清单 /
- 臭氧生成潜势(OFP) /
- 二次有机气溶胶生成潜势(SOAP) /
- 优先控制分级
Abstract: Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are important precursors of fine particulate matter and ozone, and have a significant impact on the formation of complex pollution in China. The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region is suffering from serious air pollution problem, with complex VOCs sources and large amount of emissions. Thus, it is urgent to form a VOCs control strategy based on atmospheric reactivity. The anthropogenic VOCs emission sources of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region were taken as the research object, an 2018 emission inventory covering various industries and species was established. The VOCs spectra were obtained from field observations and collection of previous studies. The ozone formation potential (OFP) and secondary organic aerosol formation potential (SOAP) of different sources were thus acquired. The VOCs emission source priority control classification technology method was constructed. The classification index of each emission source was calculated and emission sources for priority control were identified. The results showed that: (1) The total amount of anthropogenic VOCs emissions in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region in 2018 was 2.140 million tons, and main components were arranged in the order of aromatic hydrocarbons, alkanes and oxygenated organic compounds. (2) Small buses, industrial protective coatings, heavy goods vehicles, coking industry were the predominant sources of OFP and SOAP. (3) The classification index was calculated based on the emissions of various sources, industrial protective coatings, small buses, heavy goods vehicles, coking, steel, heating combustion, biomass combustion ranked in the top. It was indicated that there were certain limitations in formulating control strategies based on the single factor of industry VOCs emissions, OFP and SOAP. In order to achieve the scientific and collaborative prevention and control of PM_2.5 and O₃, it is suggested to strengthen the control of the emission sources obtained based on multi factors.
- volatile organic compounds (VOCs) /
- emission inventory /
- ozone formation potential (OFP) /
- secondary organic aerosol formation potential (SOAP) /
- priority classification control

HTML全文

图 1 京津冀地区VOCs排放量与主要排放源贡献分布

Figure 1. VOCs emissions and contribution distribution of major emission sources in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region

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图 2 典型VOCs排放源物种分布特征

Figure 2. Species distribution characteristics of typical VOCs emission sources

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图 3 焦化与钢铁行业分工序VOCs成分谱

Figure 3. VOCs spectrum of coking and iron/steel industry

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图 4 主要VOCs排放源OFP与SOAP的分布特征

Figure 4. Distribution of OFP and SOAP of major VOCs emission sources

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图 5 京津冀地区主要污染源的SR(O₃)、SR(SOA)和分级指数

Figure 5. SR(O₃), SR(SOA), and classification index of major pollution sources in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region

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表 1 VOCs排放源分类

Table 1. Classification of VOCs emission sources

一级排放源	二级排放源	排放因子	单位	一级排放源	二级排放源	排放因子	单位
工艺过程源	焦化行业	2.64^[8]	g/kg	移动源	—	—	—
	炼油行业	1.82^[9]	g/kg	其他排放源	污水处理	0.0011^[9]	g/kg
	基础化学品制造	0.11~6.35^[7]	g/kg		加油站	3.24(柴油)、 0.08(汽油)^[9]	g/kg
	涂料制造	15^[10]	g/kg		生物质燃烧	—	—
	水泥	0.33^[9]	g/kg		油品储运	0.05~1.6^[9]	g/kg
	食品和饮料制造	0.2~16.26^[11-12]	g/kg或g/L		餐饮	232^[22]	g/(人·a)
	化学纤维	10^[13]	g/kg	化石燃料燃烧源	供暖燃烧	0.13~0.18^[9]	g/kg
	原油开采	0.6^[14]	g/kg		工业燃烧	0.02~0.18^[9]	g/kg
	合成橡胶	7.6^[11]	g/kg		火电	0.15^[23]	g/kg
	制鞋业	644^[7]	g/kg	溶剂使用源	工业防护涂料	367.2^[7]	g/kg
	纺织印染	81.4^[7]	g/kg		包装印刷	89~607.7^[7]	g/kg
	钢铁行业	0.02~0.25^[15]	g/kg		车辆制造	300~21 200^[9]	g/kg
	玻璃	4.4^[16]	g/kg		家具制造	200^[9]	g/件
	原药制造	114.14^[17]	g/kg		农药使用	470^[9]	g/kg
	电子制造业	—	—		汽修	950^[24]	g/辆
	合成树脂	0.06~1.24^[18]	g/kg		沥青使用	2.12^[9]	kg/m²
	合成革	163.46^[17]	g/kg		家用电器	200^[9]	g/件
	塑料制品	3.01^[19]	g/kg		建筑涂料	1 380^[25]	kg/(10⁴ m²)
	橡胶制品/轮胎	101.9^[20]	g/条		造船	380.8^[7]	g/kg
	造纸业	0.25^[21]	g/kg		干洗	34.08^[26]	g/人
	天然气开采	0.5^[14]	g/kg
	肥料制造	0.006^[17]	g/kg
注：工艺过程源中的电子制造业、移动源以及其他排放源中的生物质燃烧由于缺乏活动水平数据，标记为“—”.

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