基于AP-42方法的2019年我国加油站VOCs排放分析

王燕军; 张鹤丰; 尹航; 吴倩; 王运静; 王军方; 纪亮

doi:10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2022.12.06

基于AP-42方法的2019年我国加油站VOCs排放分析

doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2022.12.06

王燕军^{1, 2,},
张鹤丰^{1, 2, ,},
尹航^{1, 2, ,},
吴倩^{1, 2},
王运静^{1, 2},
王军方^{1, 2},
纪亮^{1, 2}

1.
中国环境科学研究院，国家环境保护机动车污染控制与模拟重点实验室，北京　100012
2.
中国环境科学研究院机动车排污监控中心，北京　100012

基金项目: O₃和PM_2.5复合污染协同防控科技攻关预研项目(No.DQGG202023)

详细信息

作者简介:
王燕军（1975-），男，山西吕梁人，正高级工程师，博士，主要从事机动车污染科学研究，wangyj@vecc.org.cn

通讯作者:
①张鹤丰(1979-)，男，河北衡水人，副研究员，博士，主要从事典型源排放特征研究，zhanghf@vecc.org.cn

②尹航(1973-)，男，陕西西安人，正高级工程师，博士，主要从事移动源排放清单与污染控制理论方法研究，yinhang@vecc.org.cn

中图分类号: X701
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-08-30
- 修回日期: 2022-11-23

Analysis of VOCs Emissions from Gas Stations in China in 2019 Based on AP-42 Method

WANG Yanjun^{1, 2
,},
ZHANG Hefeng^{1, 2
, ,},
YIN Hang^{1, 2
, ,},
WU Qian^{1, 2},
WANG Yunjing^{1, 2},
WANG Junfang^{1, 2},
JI Liang^{1, 2}

1.
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
2.
Vehicle Emission Control Center, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China

Funds: Pre-Research on Cooperative Prevention and Control of Compound Pollution of O₃ and PM_2.5, China (No.DQGG202023)

摘要

摘要: 加油站成品油销售过程产生的VOCs由于物种活性高、臭氧生成潜势大，一直是我国大气O₃污染防治的重点污染源之一. 为了解我国不同地区加油站VOCs污染特征和排放强度，利用美国环境保护部(US EPA)人为源空气污染物排放清单编制技术手册中推荐的加油站VOCs排放测算方法(AP-42方法)，结合2019年我国31个省(自治区、直辖市)油品消费量情况以及直辖市、省会(首府)城市的环境地理信息等(不包括港澳台地区数据，下同)，定量测算了2019年我国各省份加油站VOCs排放因子和排放量，研究了不同情景下我国加油站VOCs的减排潜力. 结果表明：①我国各直辖市、省会(首府)城市加油站汽油VOCs排放因子的平均值为2.41 kg/t，但差异性较大，海口市最高(3.46 kg/t)，拉萨市最低(1.47 kg/t)，二者相差1.35倍. ②无控制情形下，2019年我国加油站VOCs排放量约为41.48×10⁴ t，主要集中在南方部分地区(广东省、江苏省、湖北省、四川省、湖南省、浙江省、安徽省、福建省)和地域人口大省(河南省、山东省和辽宁省)，占加油站VOCs排放总量的64.54%. ③我国加油站VOCs减排潜力仍十分巨大，当汽油油气回收效率在90%以上时，加油站VOCs排放量将降到5.44×10⁴ t以下；差异化的管控措施情景下，我国加油站VOCs排放量也将下降25.07×10⁴~30.23×10⁴ t. 研究显示，我国加油站VOCs排放地域性差异较大，有针对性的管控措施有助于加油站VOCs减排.
- 加油站 /
- VOCs排放 /
- AP-42方法 /
- 减排潜力
Abstract: VOCs emission from gas stations has been one of the key areas for atmospheric O₃ pollution prevention in China due to their high species activity and high ozone formation potential. To understand the VOCs pollution characteristics and emission intensity of gas stations in different areas of China, this study quantitatively calculated the VOCs emission factors and emissions of gas stations in provinces in China in 2019 by using the method in the technical manual for the compilation of anthropogenic air pollutant emission inventory (AP-42) recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), combined with China′s refined oil consumption by provinces (excluding data of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, the same below) in 2019 and the environmental geographic information in municipalities, provincial capitals of China. The VOCs reduction potentials were analyzed under different scenarios. The results showed that: (1) The average emission factors of VOCs from gasoline in gas stations in municipalities, provincial capitals of China were 2.41 kg/t. There were great differences in the VOCs emission factors in various areas of China. The highest VOCs emission factor, 3.46 kg/t, came from Haikou City, while the Lasha City had the lowest factor of 1.47 kg/t. The difference of the highest and lowest emission factors was about 1.35 times. (2) In 2019, about 414,800 t of VOCs were generated by gas stations with the recovery efficiencies were not included. The VOCs were mainly generated in 11 provinces in southern China (Guangdong Province, Jiangsu Province, Hubei Province, Sichuan Province, Hunan Province, Zhejiang Province, Anhui Province and Fujian Province), and the provinces (Henan Province, Shandong Province and Liaoning Province) which have large populations, accounted for 64.54% of the total emissions. (3) The VOCs emission reduction potential of gas stations in China was still very great. When the vapor recovery efficiency of gasoline reached 90%, the VOCs emissions from gas stations will drop below 54,400 t. Considering different control measures, the VOCs of gas stations in China will also drop by 250,700 to 302,300 t. This study indicates that there are large regional differences in VOCs emissions from gas stations in China, and targeted control measures can help reduce the VOCs emissions.missions.
- gas station /
- VOCs emission /
- AP-42 method /
- emission reduction potential

HTML全文

图 1 2019年我国各直辖市、省会(首府)城市加油站汽油VOCs排放因子

Figure 1. Gasoline VOCs EFs from gas stations in municipalities, provincial capitals of China in 2019

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 2019年我国各省份汽柴油消费量情况

Figure 2. Gasoline and diesel consumptions of China′s provinces in 2019

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 2019年我国各省份加油站VOCs排放量

Figure 3. VOCs emissions of gas stations of China′s provinces in 2019

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 不同情景下2019年我国加油站VOCs排放状况

注：有控制情形-30%表示有控制情形下设置油气回收效率为30%的情景，其他类推；有控制情形-差控1表示有控制情形下不同地区差异化管控情景1，其他类推.

Figure 4. VOCs emissions of gas stations of China′s provinces in 2019 under different scenarios

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 汽油理化参数选取

Table 1. Physical and chemical parameters of gasoline fuel

油品密度/ (kg/L)	油气摩尔分子质量/[g/(g·mol)]	雷德蒸气压 (默认值)/kPa	5%馏出温度/℃	15%馏出温度/℃
0.735	65	57	47.5	58.5

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 不同来源加油站汽油VOCs排放因子

Table 2. Gasoline VOCs EFs of gas station from different sources

数据来源		排放因子/(kg/t)
GB 11085—1989¹⁾	A类地区	5.3
	B类地区	5.0
	C类地区	4.3
生态环境部		3.24²⁾
CARB		2.44
EEA		2.86
本研究		2.41
注：1) 根据GB 11085—1989，A类地区包括江西省、福建省、广东省、海南省等南方省份；B类地区包括河北省、山西省、北京市、天津市等省(市)；C类地区包括辽宁省、吉林省、黑龙江省、青海省、内蒙古自治区、新疆维吾尔自治区和西藏自治区；2)表示生态环境部《大气挥发性有机物源排放清单编制技术指南(试行)》推荐值的平均值.

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 差异化管控情景的描述

Table 3. Description of differentiated management scenarios

省份	差异化管控情景1		差异化管控情景2
省份	管控情况描述	设定油气回收效率/%	管控情况描述	设定油气回收效率/%
北京市、上海市	管控良好，油气污染治理设施运行良好	80	管控良好，油气污染治理设施长期正常运行	90
VOCs排放排名前11位的省份	加强管控，油气污染治理设施总体运行较好	70	强化管控，油气污染治理设施总体运行良好	80
VOCs排放排名后11位的省份	管控较差	30	管控一般	50
以上情况外的其他省份(云南省、江西省、贵州省、重庆市、河北省、江西省、山西省)	进行管控，油气污染治理设施运行情况参差不齐	50	强化管控，油气污染治理设施运行情况较好	70

下载: 导出CSV

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