基于车速-流量模型的动态化道路扬尘清单编制方法与应用

贺靖贻; 宋立来; 李虎; 舒秦; 毕晓辉; 冯银厂

doi:10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2022.12.15

基于车速-流量模型的动态化道路扬尘清单编制方法与应用

doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2022.12.15

南开大学环境科学与工程学院，国家环境保护城市空气颗粒物污染防治重点实验室，天津　300350

基金项目: 大气重污染成因与治理攻关项目(No.DQGG202102)；国家自然科学基金项目(No.42275190)

详细信息

作者简介:
贺靖贻（1997-），女，河南南阳人，1023674921@qq.com

通讯作者:
毕晓辉(1980-)，男，山东商河人，教授，博士，博导，主要从事大气污染成因与来源解析研究，bixh@nankai.edu.cn

中图分类号: X513
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-10-14
- 修回日期: 2022-12-09

Construction and Application of Dynamic Fugitive Road Dust Emission Inventory Approach Based on Traffic Speed-Flow Model

State Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Particulate Air Pollution Prevention, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China

Funds: National Research Program for Key Issues in Air Pollution Control, China (No.DQGG202102); National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.42275190)

摘要

摘要: 目前国内外关于道路扬尘排放的计算多采用美国环境保护局推荐的AP-42排放因子法，直接计算道路扬尘的年均排放总量，但其动态化程度不足，难以满足日益增长的精细化管理需求. 本研究采用车速-流量模型构建高时间分辨率的道路车流量获取方法. 以天津市为例，采用自下而上的方法，结合本地化的排放因子以及天津市采取的道路扬尘控制措施，借助GIS平台编制高时空分辨率的道路扬尘排放清单，精细反映天津市道路扬尘排放的时空分布特征. 结果表明：①时间尺度上，受早晚高峰的影响，城市道路在08：00—09：00与18：00—19：00扬尘排放强度较大，13：00—14：00是白天扬尘排放强度的低值时段. ②空间尺度上，夜间(03：00—04：00)道路扬尘排放强度的高值区域集中在高速路段，白天扬尘排放强度的低值时段(13：00—14：00)集中在城市道路中支路密集的地区，道路扬尘排放强度高峰时期(18：00—19：00)集中在各类型的城市道路. 全年道路扬尘排放高值区域集中在城市支路和郊区道路. ③天津市内六区全年道路扬尘PM_2.5、PM₁₀、TSP排放量分别为603、2 492和12 986 t，相较以往研究有所下降. 从区域看，道路扬尘排放总量呈偏远郊区>环城四区>市内六区的规律. 城市道路采取的洒水措施明显降低了道路扬尘排放总量. 研究显示，受交通扰动影响，道路扬尘排放呈现明显的时空分布差异.
- 道路扬尘 /
- 车速-流量模型 /
- 动态化 /
- 排放清单
Abstract: The calculation of fugitive road dust emissions mostly adopts the AP-42 emission factor method recommended by the US Environmental Protection Administration. It directly calculates the average annual total emission of fugitive road dust, which is difficult to meet the growing demand for refined management for the degree of dynamics is not enough. This study develops a new approach to obtain high-time-resolution traffic volume information by using traffic speed-flow model. Taking Tianjin City as an example, this study adopts the bottom-up method and combines Tianjin′s localized emission factors, road dust control measures of and GIS platform to compile a high temporal and spatial resolution fugitive road dust emission inventory, which can better reflect the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of fugitive road dust emissions in Tianjin City. The results show that: (1) On the time scale, due to influence of traffic peaks in the morning and evening, the emissions of urban fugitive road dust are higher during 08:00-09:00 and 18:00-19:00, and 13:00-14:00 is the relatively low period of the daytime dust emission. (2) On the spatial scale, the high dust emission areas are concentrated in the highway at night (03:00-04:00), in areas with dense urban branch roads at noon (13:00-14:00) and in various urban roads at peak time (18:00-19:00). Annually, the high emission areas are concentrated in roads out of the city and dense urban branch roads. (3) The annual PM_2.5, PM₁₀ and TSP emissions of the six city districts are 603, 2,492 and 12,986 t, respectively, which are lower than previous studies. The total fugitive road dust emissions are as follows: remote suburbs > four districts around the city > six city districts. Sprinkling urban roads can significantly reduce the total fugitive road dust emissions. This study shows there are significant differences in the temporal and spatial distribution of road dust emissions due to the dynamic changes in traffic volume.
- fugitive road dust /
- traffic speed-flow model /
- dynamic /
- emission inventory

HTML全文

图 1 不同类型道路的车型比例与积尘负荷

Figure 1. Vehicle type proportion and the silt loading of different road types

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 基于车速-流量模型模拟的不同道路类型的交通流量

Figure 2. Traffic volume of different road types based on traffic speed-flow model

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 道路交通车流量实测值与模拟值的对比

Figure 3. Comparison of actual traffic flow with monitored traffic flow

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 不同类型道路扬尘PM_2.5排放强度

Figure 4. Hourly PM_2.5 emission intensity of different road types

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 天津市不同时段及全年道路扬尘PM_2.5排放量的空间分布情况

Figure 5. Spatial distribution of PM_2.5 emission at different times of the day and the whole year in Tianjin City

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 天津市不同地区不同类型道路扬尘PM_2.5年排放量

Figure 6. Yearly PM_2.5 emission for different districts and road types of Tianjin City

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 天津市不同类型道路长度

Table 1. Lengths of different road types in Tianjin City

一级类别	二级类别	道路长度/km
城市道路	主干路(核心主干路)	1 493
	次干路	1 338
	支路	2 056
郊区道路	偏远主干路	2 058
	偏远次干路	3 017
	偏远支路	5 388
	高速	1 713

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 不同类型道路的平均车质量

Table 2. Average vehicle weight of different road types

道路类型	主干路	次干路	支路	偏远主干路	偏远次干路	偏远支路	高速
平均车质量/t	1.86	1.83	1.72	2.77	2.58	2.39	2.92

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 天津市对不同类型道路采取的清洁控制措施

Table 3. Road cleaning measures of different road types in Tianjin City

控制措施	道路类型	控制效率/%
控制措施	道路类型	PM_2.5	PM₁₀	TSP
吸尘清扫	主干路	9	11	13
	次干路	9	11	13
	支路	6	7	8
洒水(2次/d)	主干路	46	55	66
洒水(2次/d)	次干路	46	55	66

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 本研究道路扬尘PM_2.5排放因子、道路长度、道路车流量和道路扬尘PM_2.5、PM₁₀、TSP年排放量与天津市已有研究的对比

Table 4. Comparison of PM_2.5 emission factors,road length,traffic volume and PM_2.5,PM₁₀,TSP total annual emission in this research with other researches

道路类型	PM_2.5排放因子/[g/(辆·km)]	道路长度/km	道路车流量/(辆/d)	年排放量/t			数据来源
道路类型	PM_2.5排放因子/[g/(辆·km)]	道路长度/km	道路车流量/(辆/d)	PM_2.5	PM₁₀	TSP	数据来源
主干路	0.11	63.85	63 288	162	670	3 488	文献[22]
次干路	0.17	106	34 440	227	938	4 888
支路	0.49	567.9	7 200	731	3021	15 741
环线	0.09	70.84	87 696	204	843	4 393
主干路	0.07	82	53 416	99	409	2 133	本研究
核心主干路	0.07	85	92 264	177	733	3 819
次干路	0.12	164	29 193	186	767	3 996
支路	0.33	68	19 461	141	583	3 038

下载: 导出CSV

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