COPD Mortality Burden and Related Health Economic Assessment Associated Related with to Ambient Ozone in 2020 in China
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摘要: 大气臭氧暴露对人群慢性阻塞性肺病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD)的影响不断加剧. 为评价大气臭氧暴露对COPD的不良影响,量化与大气臭氧暴露相关的COPD死亡负担以及相应的健康经济损失,本研究收集了2020年我国31个省(自治区、直辖市)臭氧浓度高峰季(4—9月)数据、社会经济及人口数据,基于已有研究中确立的大气臭氧暴露与COPD死亡的暴露-反应关系,以世界卫生组织2021年提出的臭氧浓度高峰季平均值(60 µg/m3)为参考,分别估算我国大气臭氧暴露的COPD归因死亡人数和经济损失. 结果表明:① 2020年我国大气臭氧暴露的COPD总死亡风险比为1.12〔95%CI (95%置信区间)为1.00~1.21〕. ② 2020年我国大气臭氧暴露的COPD归因死亡人数为10.12×104人(95%CI为0.00~17.49×104人). ③ 2020年我国大气臭氧暴露造成的COPD的健康经济损失为2 131×108元,占GDP的0.21%. 研究显示,2020年我国大气臭氧暴露造成了较大的COPD疾病负担和经济损失,在气候变化和控制碳排放政策实施背景下,为达到世界卫生组织2021年提出的臭氧浓度高峰季平均值(60 µg/m3)的目标,我国仍需因地制宜地制定相关政策降低臭氧浓度,积极应对大气臭氧暴露对人群健康的危害.
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关键词:
- 大气臭氧 /
- 慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD) /
- 疾病负担 /
- 健康经济评价
Abstract: The harmful effects of ambient ozone exposure on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) mortality are increasing. To evaluate the effects of COPD mortality burden and the corresponding economic losses associated with ambient ozone exposure, the ambient ozone concentration and mortality records of 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in China in peak season (April to September) in 2020 were collected. Based on the hazard ration between COPD deaths and ambient ozone exposure reported in a previous study, the risk of COPD deaths from ozone exposure was estimated with reference to the air quality guidelines level of peak season (60 μg/m3) proposed by the World Health Organization in 2021. Besides, socioeconomic and demographic data were collected to quantify the COPD deaths and corresponding economic losses due to ambient ozone exposure in 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in China. The results showed that the exposure-response hazard ratio between ambient ozone and COPD mortality was 1.12 (95%CI: 1.00-1.21) per 10 μg/m3, with increased COPD mortality risk for ambient ozone. It is estimated that 10.12×104 (95%CI: 0.00-17.49×104) COPD deaths are attributed to ambient ozone in 2020 in China. The corresponding economic loss is 2131×108 RMB. The proportion of the overall economic loss to the gross domestic product (GDP) was 0.21%. The study indicated that ambient ozone exposure caused substantial COPD mortality and economic loss in China. It is necessary to formulate corresponding policies to reduce ozone concentration in accordance with local conditions to achieve the target of the Air Quality Guidelines level of peak season (60 μg/m3) proposed by the World Health Organization in 2021, and actively deal with the health threats of ambient ozone exposure to human. -
表 1 2020年我国31个省(自治区、直辖市)人口、经济及大气臭氧浓度高峰季数据的基本信息
Table 1. Basic information on population,economy and data of ambient ozone concentration during peak-season in 31 provinces,autonomous regions and municipalities of China in 2020
省份 人口数/(104人) 死亡率/‰ 人均年收入/(104元) 生产总值/(1011元) 大气臭氧浓度
高峰季平均值/(µg/m3)统计生命
价值/(104元)北京市 2 189 5.19 6.94 36.10 132.45 445.96 天津市 1 387 5.92 4.39 14.08 134.20 281.67 河北省 7 464 7.22 2.71 36.21 132.64 174.29 山西省 3 490 7.02 2.52 17.65 130.26 161.95 内蒙古自治区 2 403 7.30 3.15 17.36 106.82 202.30 辽宁省 4 255 8.59 3.27 25.11 108.65 210.27 吉林省 2 399 7.81 2.58 12.31 93.99 165.40 黑龙江省 3 171 8.23 2.49 13.70 78.50 159.94 上海市 2 488 5.58 7.22 38.70 113.23 463.94 江苏省 8 477 6.49 4.34 102.72 120.31 278.69 浙江省 6 468 6.56 5.24 64.61 108.42 336.54 安徽省 6 105 7.96 2.81 38.68 114.97 180.50 福建省 4 161 6.24 3.72 43.90 91.28 238.95 江西省 4 519 6.61 2.80 25.69 98.09 179.95 山东省 10 165 7.25 3.29 73.13 132.73 211.22 河南省 9 941 7.15 2.48 55.00 129.58 159.35 湖北省 5 745 7.67 2.79 43.44 105.21 179.07 湖南省 6 645 7.92 2.94 41.78 87.70 188.70 广东省 12 624 4.70 4.10 110.76 86.42 263.52 广西壮族自治区 5 019 6.46 2.46 22.16 77.82 157.76 海南省 1 012 5.85 2.79 5.53 56.89 179.23 重庆市 3 209 7.70 3.08 25.00 92.21 197.98 四川省 8 371 8.48 2.65 48.60 91.84 170.35 贵州省 3 858 7.17 2.18 17.83 73.30 139.99 云南省 4 722 7.92 2.33 24.52 72.46 149.62 西藏自治区 366 5.37 2.17 1.90 84.01 139.66 陕西省 3 955 7.11 2.62 26.18 107.85 168.45 甘肃省 2 501 7.91 2.03 9.02 108.19 130.61 青海省 593 6.65 2.40 3.01 105.49 154.39 宁夏回族自治区 721 5.88 2.57 3.92 113.38 165.29 新疆维吾尔自治区 2 590 5.46 2.38 13.80 96.09 153.15 合计 141 212 7.07 3.22 1 015.99 102.74 206.75 表 2 2020年我国31个省(自治区、直辖市)大气臭氧暴露的COPD死亡风险比
Table 2. Hazard ratios associated with ambient ozone in 31 provinces,autonomous regions and municipalities of Chinain 2020
省份 COPD死亡风险比 数值 95%置信区间 北京市 1.19 1.00~1.19 天津市 1.20 0.99~1.29 河北省 1.20 0.99~1.29 山西省 1.19 1.00~1.19 内蒙古自治区 1.13 1.00~1.13 辽宁省 1.13 1.00~1.13 吉林省 1.09 0.99~1.99 黑龙江省 1.05 1.00~1.05 上海市 1.14 1.00~1.14 江苏省 1.16 1.00~1.16 浙江省 1.13 1.00~1.13 安徽省 1.15 1.00~1.15 福建省 1.08 0.99~1.98 江西省 1.10 0.99~1.19 山东省 1.20 0.99~1.29 河南省 1.19 1.00~1.19 湖北省 1.12 1.00~1.12 湖南省 1.08 0.99~1.98 广东省 1.07 0.99~1.97 广西壮族自治区 1.05 1.00~1.05 海南省 0.99 1.00~0.99 重庆市 1.09 0.99~1.99 四川省 1.09 0.99~1.99 贵州省 1.04 1.00~1.04 云南省 1.03 1.00~1.03 西藏自治区 1.06 1.00~1.06 陕西省 1.13 1.00~1.13 甘肃省 1.13 1.00~1.13 青海省 1.12 1.00~1.12 宁夏回族自治区 1.14 1.00~1.14 新疆维吾尔自治区 1.10 0.99~1.19 全国 1.12 1.00~1.12 表 3 2020年我国31个省(自治区、直辖市)归因于大气臭氧暴露的COPD死亡人数
Table 3. Attributable number of COPD deaths due to ambient ozone in 31 provinces,autonomous regions and municipalities of China in 2020
省份 归因于大气臭氧暴露的COPD死亡人数/(104人) 数值 95%置信区间 北京市 0.18 0~0.30 天津市 0.13 0~0.22 河北省 0.86 0~1.42 山西省 0.38 0~0.63 内蒙古自治区 0.19 0~0.33 辽宁省 0.42 0~0.71 吉林省 0.15 0~0.27 黑龙江省 0.12 0~0.23 上海市 0.17 0~0.29 江苏省 0.75 0~1.26 浙江省 0.47 0~0.81 安徽省 0.61 0~1.04 福建省 0.20 0~0.35 江西省 0.27 0~047 山东省 1.18 0~1.95 河南省 1.10 0~1.82 湖北省 0.47 0~0.80 湖南省 0.36 0~0.64 广东省 0.38 0~0.68 广西壮族自治区 0.15 0~0.27 海南省 <0.0011) <0.001 重庆市 0.19 0~0.34 四川省 0.55 0~0.97 贵州省 0.09 0~0.17 云南省 0.11 0~0.21 西藏自治区 0.01 0~0.02 陕西省 0.31 0~0.54 甘肃省 0.22 0~0.38 青海省 0.04 0~0.07 宁夏回族自治区 0.05 0~0.09 新疆维吾尔自治区 0.12 0~0.21 合计 10.12 0~17.49 注:1)海南省的总死亡小于0.001×104人,未纳入健康经济损失计算. 表 4 2020 年我国31个省(自治区、直辖市)大气臭氧暴露导致的COPD健康经济损失及其占GDP的比例
Table 4. Health economic loss and its proportion of local GDP due to ambient ozone exposure in 31 provinces,autonomous regions and municipalities of China in 2020
省份 大气臭氧暴露导致的COPD健康经济损失 数值/(108元) 占GDP比重/% 北京市 80.32(0.00~132.54) 0.22 天津市 37.51(0.00~61.72) 0.27 河北省 150.63(0.00~248.19) 0.42 山西省 61.43(0.00~101.67) 0.35 内蒙古自治区 38.92(0.00~66.83) 0.22 辽宁省 87.47(0.00~149.67) 0.35 吉林省 25.38(0.00~44.60) 0.21 黑龙江省 19.84(0.00~35.92) 0.14 上海市 78.53(0.00~133.49) 0.20 江苏省 208.20(0.00~349.90) 0.20 浙江省 159.57(0.00~273.52) 0.25 安徽省 110.47(0.00~187.15) 0.29 福建省 46.67(0.00~82.50) 0.11 江西省 48.72(0.00~84.99) 0.19 山东省 249.63(0.00~411.33) 0.34 河南省 175.36(0.00~290.23) 0.32 湖北省 83.26(0.00~143.46) 0.19 湖南省 67.99(0.00~120.87) 0.16 广东省 99.90(0.00~178.29) 0.09 广西壮族自治区 23.09(0.00~41.89) 0.10 海南省 — — 重庆市 37.89(0.00~66.85) 0.15 四川省 93.67(0.00~165.25) 0.19 贵州省 12.79(0.00~23.45) 0.07 云南省 17.10(0.00~31.43) 0.07 西藏自治区 1.63(0.00~2.92) 0.09 陕西省 52.93(0.00~90.73) 0.20 甘肃省 28.87(0.00~49.49) 0.32 青海省 6.42(0.00~11.07) 0.21 宁夏回族自治区 8.54(0.00~14.52) 0.22 新疆维吾尔自治区 18.69(0.00~32.72) 0.14 合计 2 131.43(0.00~7 243.08) 0.21 注:括号中数值为COPD健康经济损失的95%置信区间. 海南省未纳入健康经济损失计算. -
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