利用油基岩屑制备水泥路面基层的力学性能及重金属浸出特性研究

崔长颢; 李丽; 刘美佳; 王健媛; 闫大海; 陈超

doi:10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2023.01.11

利用油基岩屑制备水泥路面基层的力学性能及重金属浸出特性研究

doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2023.01.11

崔长颢^{1, 2,},
李丽^{1, 2},
刘美佳^{1, 2},
王健媛^{1, 2},
闫大海^{1, 2, ,},
陈超^{1, 2}

1.
中国环境科学研究院固体废物污染控制技术研究所，北京　100012
2.
中国环境科学研究院，国家环境保护危险废物鉴别与风险控制重点实验室，北京　100012

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目(No.2018YFC1900100)

详细信息

作者简介:
崔长颢（1994-），男，黑龙江大庆人，工程师，硕士，主要从事固体废物利用技术研究，cch1994@vip.163.com

通讯作者:
闫大海(1979-)，男，河南新乡人，研究员，博士，主要从事固体废物协同处置研究，seavsland@163.com

中图分类号: X741
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-12-14
- 修回日期: 2023-01-09

Mechanical Properties and Heavy Metal Leaching Characteristics of Cement Pavement Base Prepared from Oil-Based Drill Cuttings

CUI Changhao^{1, 2
,},
LI Li^{1, 2},
LIU Meijia^{1, 2},
WANG Jianyuan^{1, 2},
YAN Dahai^{1, 2
, ,},
CHEN Chao^{1, 2}

1.
Research Institute of Solid Waste Management, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
2.
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China

Funds: National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2018YFC1900100)

摘要

摘要: 油基岩屑是石油开采时产生的危险废物，随着我国石油勘探开发能力的不断提升，因油基岩屑造成的环境污染和资源浪费问题已不容忽视. 资源化利用油基岩屑将对油气行业环境保护和可持续发展起到重要促进作用. 为探明利用油基岩屑制备水泥道路结构的可行性，制作11种不同配合比的水泥路面基层试件，通过无侧限抗压、劈裂抗拉以及抗压回弹试验，探寻符合相关力学性能要求且岩屑掺加量最大的试件，随即对其开展浸出试验以研究重金属浸出规律，并通过浸出动力学模型拟合重金属长期浸出量. 结果表明：①随着油基岩屑掺加量的提升，水泥路面基层试件的无侧限抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度以及抗压回弹模量同时呈下降趋势. 当岩屑掺加量为12%时，试件相关力学指标满足《公路路面基层施工技术细则》(JTG/T F20—2015)和四川省农村公路基层材料设计参数要求，此时岩屑掺加量达到最大. ②Ba、Mn、Pb、Zn为油基岩屑中的特征污染物. Ba、Mn、Pb累积浸出量的变化趋势较为一致，在第64天时基本达到浸出平衡；而Zn的累积浸出量在第64天时仍持续增长. 4种重金属在全浸出阶段的浸出行为都受到扩散控制影响. ③Ba和Pb的浸出规律符合Elovich方程，而二阶动力学方程更适用于描述试件中Mn的浸出特性. 若长期使用利用油基岩屑制备的水泥路面基层，应更加关注Mn的浸出风险. 研究显示，油基岩屑可以替代部分天然矿石制备水泥路面基层，建议进一步拓展其资源化利用场景，以期为岩屑资源化利用技术的发展提供支撑.
- 油基岩屑 /
- 水泥路面基层 /
- 累积浸出量 /
- 浸出行为 /
- 浸出模型
Abstract: Oil-based drill cuttings (OBDC) are hazardous wastes generated during petroleum exploitation. With the continuous improvement of China's petroleum exploitation capacity, environmental pollution and wasting of resources caused by OBDC has become more prominent. The utilization of OBDC will play an important role in promoting environmental protection and sustainable development of the petroleum industry. In order to investigate the feasibility of using OBDC to prepare cement pavement base, 11 kinds of cement pavement base specimens with different mixing proportions were made. Through unconfined compression strength, splitting tensile strength, and compressive modulus of resilience tests, the specimen that could meet the mechanical properties specified in Pavement Base Construction Technical Instructions (JTG/T F20-2015) and parameters of base materials for rural roads in Sichuan province were selected. Then, leaching tests were carried out to study the heavy metal leaching behavior, and the long-term heavy metal cumulative leaching amount was fitted through different leaching models. The results reveal that: (1) With the increase of OBDC mixing proportion, the unconfined compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and compressive modulus of resilience of the cement pavement base showed a downward trend at the same time. When the mixing proportion of OBDC reached to 12%, the mechanical properties of the specimen could meet the requirements. (2) Ba, Mn, Pb, and Zn were characteristic pollutants in OBDC. The cumulative leaching amount of Ba, Mn, and Pb reached to leaching equilibrium at 64 days, whereas the cumulative leaching of Zn continued to increase. Overall, the leaching behavior of these four heavy metals was affected by diffusion control. (3) The leaching behavior of Ba and Pb conformed to the Elovich equation, and the second-order kinetic equation was more suitable for describing the leaching of Mn. The long-term heavy metal cumulative leaching amount prediction indicated that more attention should be paid to Mn. The research shows that OBDC could replace certain amount of mineral materials during the preparation of cement pavement base. It is recommended to further expand the utilization scenarios of OBDC to provide a scientific basis for the development of OBDC utilization technology.
- oil-based drill cuttings /
- cement pavement base /
- cumulative leaching amount /
- leaching behavior /
- leaching model

HTML全文

图 1 水泥路面基层试件浸出试验

Figure 1. Leaching experiment of cement pavement base specimens

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 水泥路面基层试件的无侧限抗压强度变化曲线

Figure 2. Unconfined compressive strength of cement pavement base specimens

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图 3 水泥路面基层试件的劈裂抗拉强度变化曲线

Figure 3. Splitting tensile strength of cement pavement base specimens

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图 4 水泥路面基层试件的抗压回弹模量变化曲线

Figure 4. Compressive modulus of resilience of cement pavement base specimens

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图 5 Ba、Mn、Pb、Zn的64 d累积浸出量的变化趋势

Figure 5. Cumulative leaching amount of Ba, Mn, Pb and Zn under 64 days

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图 6 Ba、Mn、Pb的浸出动力学模型拟合结果

Figure 6. Leaching kinetics models of Ba, Mn and Pb

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表 1 不同水泥路面基层配合比试件中各原料的掺加比

Table 1. Mixing proportions of different cement pavement base specimens

不同水泥路面基层配合比试件	掺加比/%
不同水泥路面基层配合比试件	水泥	粗细骨料	油基岩屑
CPB-1	6	94	0
CPB-2	6	92	2
CPB-3	6	90	4
CPB-4	6	88	6
CPB-5	6	86	8
CPB-6	6	84	10
CPB-7	6	82	12
CPB-8	6	80	14
CPB-9	6	78	16
CPB-10	6	76	18
CPB-11	6	74	20

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表 2 浸出液浸出阶段与浸出时间

Table 2. Leaching stage and leaching solution replacement time during leaching experiment

浸出阶段	累积浸出时间/d	间隔浸出时间/h	浸出阶段	累积浸出时间/d	间隔浸出时间/h
阶段1	0.25	6	阶段5	9	120
阶段2	1.00	18	阶段6	16	168
阶段3	2.25	30	阶段7	36	480
阶段4	4.00	42	阶段8	64	672

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表 3 油基岩屑中常规元素和F、Cl、S元素含量

Table 3. Concentration of typical elements and F, Cl, S in oil-based drill cuttings

元素	Si	Al	Fe	Ca	K	Mg	F	Cl	S
含量/(10⁴ mg/kg)	2.3	0.1	0.4	1.1	0.3	0.1	0.2	0.6	4.3

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 油基岩屑中主要重金属污染物含量

Table 4. Heavy metal contents of oil-based drill cuttings

元素	Hg	Mn	Pb	Ni	Ba	Cu	Cd	Zn	Sb	Co
含量/(mg/kg)	2.9	419.3	224.3	43.7	6.3×10⁴	52.8	13.5	326.0	11.3	38.1

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表 5 Ba、Mn、Pb、Zn在不同阶段的浸出行为

Table 5. Leaching behavior of Ba, Mn, Pb and Zn under different leaching stage

浸出阶段	浸出行为
浸出阶段	Ba	Mn	Pb	Zn
阶段2~7	扩散控制	扩散控制	扩散控制	扩散控制
阶段5~8	耗竭作用	耗竭作用	耗竭作用	扩散控制
阶段4~7	耗竭作用	扩散控制	耗竭作用	耗竭作用
阶段3~6	扩散控制	扩散控制	扩散控制	扩散控制
阶段2~5	扩散控制	扩散控制	扩散控制	扩散控制
阶段1~4	延滞作用	延滞作用	延滞作用	扩散控制

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