天山北坡典型工业城市冬季大气铵盐污染特征及其赋存形式

何凯杰; 李刚; 程苗苗; 李维军; 杨小阳; 李斌; 何友江

doi:10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2023.03.02

天山北坡典型工业城市冬季大气铵盐污染特征及其赋存形式

doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2023.03.02

何凯杰^{1, 2,},
李刚²,
程苗苗²,
李维军³,
杨小阳²,
李斌^1, ,,
何友江^2, ,

1.
中北大学，山西太原　030051
2.
中国环境科学研究院，环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室，北京　100012
3.
石河子市生态环境监测站，新疆石河子　832099

基金项目: 大气重污染成因与治理攻关项目(No.DQGG202152)

详细信息

作者简介:
何凯杰（1998-），男，河南焦作人，2160955895@qq.com

通讯作者:
①李斌(1972-)，男，山西太原人，副教授，博士，主要从事大气污染控制技术和环境应急与风险评估研究，libin4y@163.com

②何友江(1979-)，男，湖北随州人，副研究员，博士，主要从事大气数值模式及模拟研究，heyj@craes.org.cn

中图分类号: X513
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-10-31
- 修回日期: 2023-02-24

Pollution Characteristics and Existence Forms of Ammonium Salt in Winter in Typical Industrial City on North Slope of Tianshan Mountains

HE Kaijie^{1, 2
,},
LI Gang²,
CHENG Miaomiao²,
LI Weijun³,
YANG Xiaoyang²,
LI Bin^{1
, ,},
HE Youjiang^{2
, ,}

1.
North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
3.
Shihezi Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Station, Eighth Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi 832099, China

Funds: National Research Program for Key Issues in Air Pollution Control, China (No.DQGG202152)

摘要

摘要: 天山北坡是重污染天气消除攻坚战的重点区域，为了解该区域冬季大气重污染期间NH₄⁺污染特征及其对PM_2.5浓度的贡献，2020年12月—2021年1月在该区域典型工业城市石河子市城区对气态NH₃和PM_2.5中水溶性离子的浓度进行了连续监测，分析了不同空气质量等级下PM_2.5中NH₄⁺浓度和NH₃-NH₄⁺气固转化率的变化以及NH₄⁺的赋存形式. 结果表明：①监测期间，石河子市大气PM_2.5、NH₄⁺和其他阳离子的平均浓度分别为164、25.3和3.60 μg/m³，NH₄⁺浓度是其他阳离子总浓度的7.0倍；NH₄⁺浓度在PM_2.5浓度中的占比为15.4%，仅次于SO₄²⁻和NO₃⁻. NH₄⁺和其他阳离子浓度均随污染加重逐渐升高，但NH₄⁺浓度的增幅远大于其他阳离子. ②随着污染加重，NH₃-NH₄⁺气固转化率逐渐升高，其在优良天、轻度和中度污染天、重度及以上污染天分别为0.23、0.51、0.69. 整体上，NH₃-NH₄⁺气固转化率与PM_2.5和NH₄⁺浓度均呈显著正相关，与气态NH₃浓度和大气温度均呈负相关. ③石河子市冬季大气NH₄⁺充足，主要以(NH₄)₂SO₄的形式赋存，剩余NH₄⁺以NH₄NO₃和NH₄Cl的形式赋存. 研究显示，天山北坡区域冬季大气重污染期间NH₃-NH₄⁺气固转化率和NH₄⁺浓度均显著升高，大气污染防治工作在关注SO₂和NO_x污染控制的同时，也需要加强对NH₃的污染治理.
- 石河子市 /
- PM_2.5 /
- NH₄⁺ /
- 污染特征 /
- NH₃-NH₄⁺气固转化率 /
- 赋存形式
Abstract: The north slope of Tianshan Mountains is one of the important areas in the national wide battle to eliminate heavy pollution weather. To investigate the pollution characteristics of atmospheric ammonium ion (NH₄⁺) and its contribution to PM_2.5 concentration during the period of heavy air pollution in winter, the concentrations of gaseous ammonia (NH₃) and water-soluble ions in PM_2.5 were monitored in December 2020 and January 2021 in Shihezi City, a typical industrial city on the north slope of the Tianshan Mountains. The variations of atmospheric NH₄⁺ concentration, NH₃-NH₄⁺ gas-solid conversion rate, and the existence forms of NH₄⁺ under different air quality levels were studied. The results showed that: (1) During the monitoring period, the concentrations of PM_2.5, NH₄⁺, and other cations (except NH₄⁺) were 164, 25.3, and 3.60 μg/m³, respectively. NH₄⁺ concentration was 6.0 times higher than other cations, accounting for 15.4% of PM_2.5 concentration, only lower than SO₄²⁻ and NO₃⁻. The concentrations of NH₄⁺ and other cations increased with the escalated pollution, but the increase of NH₄⁺ was greater than that of other cations. (2) With the aggravation of air pollution, NH₃-NH₄⁺ gas-solid conversion rate increased gradually. The average conversion rates on clean days, light and moderate pollution days, and heavy and serious pollution days were 0.23, 0.51 and 0.69, respectively. The conversion rate was positively correlated with PM_2.5 and NH₄⁺ concentration, and was negatively correlated with gaseous NH₃ concentration and temperature. (3) The atmospheric NH₄⁺ was high in Shihezi in winter, and was mainly in the form of (NH₄)₂SO₄, and the remaining NH₄⁺ existed in the form of NH₄NO₃ and NH₄Cl. The study showed that the NH₃-NH₄⁺ gas-solid conversion rate and NH₄⁺ concentration increased significantly during the heavy air pollution period in winter on the north slope of Tianshan Mountains, and it is necessary to pay attention to NH₃ pollution prevention while focusing on the control of SO₂ and NO_x pollution.
- Shihezi City /
- PM_2.5 /
- NH₄⁺ /
- pollution characteristics /
- NH₃-NH₄⁺ gas-solid conversion rate /
- existence form

HTML全文

图 1 监测期间石河子市PM_2.5和NH₄⁺浓度、PM_2.5中NH₄⁺的浓度占比以及NH₃-NH₄⁺气固转化率的变化情况

Figure 1. The variations of PM_2.5 and NH₄⁺ concentrations, and the proportion of NH₄⁺ in PM_2.5, and NH₃-NH₄⁺ gas-solid conversion rate during the measurement period in Shihezi City

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 石河子市不同空气质量等级下PM_2.5、NH₄⁺和其他阳离子的浓度

Figure 2. Concentrations of PM_2.5, NH₄⁺ and other cations under the different air quality levels in Shihezi City

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 石河子市不同空气质量等级下各阳离子浓度占比

Figure 3. The proportion of each ion in total cations under the different air quality levels in Shihezi City

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 不同空气质量等级下NH₃-NH₄⁺气固转化率与气态NH₃浓度和NH₄⁺浓度的关系

Figure 4. The relationship between NH₃-NH₄⁺ gas-solid conversion rate and NH₃ and NH₄⁺ concentration under the different air quality levels

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图 5 NH₃-NH₄⁺气固转化率与温度和相对湿度的关系

Figure 5. The relationship between NH₃-NH₄⁺ gas-solid conversion rate and temperature and relative humidity

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 NH₄⁺的实测浓度与计算浓度的关系

Figure 6. Correlations between the observed and the calculated NH₄⁺ concentrations

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图 7 [NH₄⁺]_Excess与[NO₃⁻]和[NO₃⁻]+[Cl⁻]的关系

Figure 7. Correlations between [NH₄⁺]_Excess and [NO₃⁻] and [NO₃⁻]+ [Cl⁻]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

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