北运河上游非点源污染负荷模拟与最佳管理措施评估研究
Simulation of non-point source pollution load and evaluation of best management practices in the upper Beiyun River
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摘要: 非点源污染是水污染的重要来源之一,揭示非点源污染负荷空间分布特征、筛选并布设最佳管理措施(best management practices,BMPs)对水污染的高效治理有至关重要的意义。该研究基于SWAT模型定量模拟2019年北运河上游总氮、总磷负荷空间分布特征,评估非点源污染关键源区布设不同最佳管理措施的总氮、总磷削减效果。结果表明:①2019年北运河上游流域产生的总氮、总磷负荷分别为119336.50 kg和4473.92 kg,呈东南高西北低的空间分布特征,氮、磷污染物主要来源于城镇用地、耕地和果园等地类。②北运河上游关键源区分布在东南部8条子流域,占流域总面积的5.82%,产生的总氮、总磷负荷分别占全流域的21.49%和29.61%。③1/5面积比植被缓冲带的总氮、总磷削减率最高,分别为42.03%和46.02%;2km河道植草的总氮、总磷削减率最高,分别为13.59%和30.09%;由于关键源区范围内农地面积较小(7.77%),化肥减施措施污染物削减效果较低。该研究结果可为流域非点源污染负荷定量计算和水污染治理提供科学参考。Abstract: Non-point source pollution is one of the important sources of water pollution, revealing the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of non-point source pollution load and screening and deployment of best management practices (BMPs) is vital for the efficient treatment of water pollution. In this study, the spatial distribution characteristics of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) load were quantitatively simulated using the SWAT model in the upper Beiyun River in 2019, and evaluate the effect of different BMPs on TN and TP reduction in critical source areas of non-point source pollution. The results showed that: (1) In 2019, the TN and TP loads generated in the upper Beiyun River were 119336.50 kg and 4473.92 kg respectively,showing a spatial distribution characteristics of high in the southeast and low in the northwest, and the TN and TP load mainly come from urban land, cultivated land, and orchard. (2) A total of 8 sub-watersheds were identified as critical source areas, accounting for 5.82% of the total watershed area, and the TN and TP loads generated accounted for 21.49% and 29.61% of the total watershed area respectively. (3) The reduction rates of TN and TP in 1/5 area ratio filter strip were the highest, 42.03% and 46.02% respectively; The reduction rates of TN and TP in 2km grassed waterway were the highest, which were 13.59% and 30.09% respectively; As the agricultural land area within the key source area is small (7.77%), the pollutant reduction effect of the chemical fertilizer reduction measures is low. These study results can provide scientific reference for quantitative identification of non-point source pollution load and water pollution control.
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