短链氯化石蜡对浮游生物的毒性效应及基准研究
Plankton toxicity and water quality criteria study of short-chain chlorinated paraffins
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摘要: 短链氯化石蜡(short-chain chlorinated paraffins, SCCPs) 是近年增列的持久性有机污染物(POPs),其毒性效应研究有限,难以有效评估其生态风险。本研究通过浮游生物毒性试验、数据筛选和统计分析,探究SCCPs对典型浮游动植物的毒性效应,开展了SCCPs对4种藻、大型溞以及萼花臂尾轮虫的急慢性试验并评估了各物种敏感性,梳理试验数据和搜集筛选的文献数据,利用物种敏感性分布曲线(SSD)法推导了SCCPs的水生生物长期基准(LWQC),对我国SCCPs的生态风险评估与管控具有重要意义。毒性试验结果主要为:①4种藻的生长抑制试验结果显示蛋白核小球藻对SCCPs最敏感,四尾栅藻最不敏感。②SCCPs 对大型溞的24和48 hEC50分别为37和9.5 μg/L。慢性毒性试验结果显示SCCPs对大型溞的生长和繁殖都有明显的抑制,最低观察效应浓度( LOEC) 为6 μg/L,无观测察效应浓度( NOEC)为4 μg/L。③ 轮虫慢性毒性试验中,最高浓度组(80 μg/L)的SCCPs对轮虫的生殖产生严重的影响, NOEC为10 μg/L。④综合试验和文献数据,比较各类物种敏感性,对SCCPs最敏感的是大型溞,其次是轮虫,鱼类和摇蚊居中,藻类相对不敏感。通过SSD曲线外推获得SCCPs的LWQC为1.92μg/L。Abstract: Short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that have been added in recent years, and their toxic effects have been limited and it is difficult to effectively assess their ecological risk. In this study, the toxic effects of SCCPs on typical zooplankton and phytoplankton were explored through plankton [1]toxicity tests, data collections and statistical analysis. The acute and chronic toxicity tests of SCCPs on 4 species of algae, Daphnia magna and Brachionus calyciflorus were carried out and the sensitivity of each species was assessed. The test data were sorted out and the literature data were collected and screened, and the long-term water quality criteria for aquatic organisms (LWQC) of SCCPs was derived by using the species sensitivity distribution curve (SSD) method, which is of great significance for ecological risk assessment and control of SCCPs in China. The toxicity test results were mainly as follows: ①The growth inhibition test results of 4 algae showed that Chlorella pyrenoidosa was the most sensitive to SCCPs, and the Scenedesmus quadricauda was the least sensitive. ② The EC50 of SCCPs to Daphnia magna at 24 and 48 h were 37 and 9.5 μg/L, respectively. The results of chronic toxicity test showed that SCCPs inhibited the growth and reproduction of Daphnia magna obviously, the lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) was 6 μg/L, and the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) was 4 μg/L. ③In the chronic toxicity test of Brachionus calyciflorus, SCCPs of the highest concentration group (80 μg/L) had a serious effect on the reproduction of Brachionus calyciflorus, and the NOEC of SCCPS to Brachionus calyciflorus was 10 μg/L. ④ Combining test and literature data, comparing the sensitivity of various species, the most sensitive to SCCPs is Daphnia magna, followed by rotifers, fish and Chironomus tentans, and algae are relatively insensitive. The LWQC of SCCPs obtained by SSD curve extrapolation is 1.92 μg/L.
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