Abstract: Perchlorate is a toxic pollutant with high diffusion and persistence. It enters the human body mainly through food and drinking water-based exposure pathways, interferes with the absorption of iodine by thyroid and poses a threat to human health. It is urgent to control perchlorate pollution due to relatively high detection frequency and concentration of perchlorate in water environment in China. The United States is one of the first countries in the world to discover perchlorate water pollution and conduct research on risk control, and has formed a systematic control strategy and mature management experience. It presents important reference meaning for China. This paper introduces the risk control strategy of toxic pollutants in the United States from two aspects of drinking water security and wastewater pollutant emission control. The targeted control measures of perchlorate are focused. In addition, the current situation of perchlorate-related pollution control in China is summarized and analyzed. At present, targeted control has not been carried out. The fundamental reason is the lack of a complete environmental risk control system for toxic pollutants. It results in the failure to pay attention to the health risks of toxic pollutants such as perchlorate in time. Thus environmental risk control of toxic pollutants is insufficient. Finally, based on the management experience of the United States and the needs of environmental management in China, the enlightenment and suggestions of relevant work are put forward. It is necessary to improve the system and mechanism of toxic substances control and strengthen the technical support ability of the whole process risk control of toxic pollutants, so as to improve the systematic, accurate and scientific risk management of toxic pollutants. It is necessary to systematically carry out the traceability analysis of domestic perchlorate and the research on control policy measures to fill the blank in the control of perchlorate pollutants.