国六重型车实际道路上污染物和温室气体排放特性研究

葛蕴珊; 吕立群; 岳崇会; 高翠; 王军方; 尹航

doi:10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2023.07.08

国六重型车实际道路上污染物和温室气体排放特性研究

doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2023.07.08

1.
北京理工大学机械与车辆学院，北京　100081
2.
潍柴动力股份有限公司，山东潍坊　261061
3.
中国环境科学研究院，国家环境保护机动车污染控制与模拟重点实验室，北京　100012

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目(No.2022YFC3701802)；青海省科技厅重大专项(2019-GX-A6)；国家自然科学基金面上项目(No.52272342)

详细信息

作者简介:
葛蕴珊（1965-），男，吉林敦化人，教授，博士，主要从事机动车排放控制研究，geyunshan@bit.edu.cn

通讯作者:
尹航(1973-)，男，陕西西安人，研究员，博士，主要从事机动车排放控制及法规制定等研究， yinhang@vecc.org.cn

中图分类号: X511
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-05-03
- 修回日期: 2023-06-15
- 网络出版日期: 2023-07-03

Research on Characteristics of On-Road Pollutant and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from China-Ⅵ Heavy-Duty Vehicles

1.
School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
2.
Weichai Power Co., Ltd., Weifang 261061, China
3.
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100021, China

Funds: National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2022YFC3701802); Science and Technology Major Project of Qinghai Province, China (No.2019-GX-A6); National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.52272342)

摘要

摘要: 重型车实际道路温室气体(GHG)排放控制势在必行，为获取国六重型车温室气体(CO₂、N₂O、CH₄)和常规污染物(NO_x、CO、NH₃)实际道路排放特征，本研究选取了5辆典型国六重型柴油车和重型天然气(LNG)车，在实际道路上按车载排放测试要求开展了多次实际道路排放试验. 结果表明：国六重型车CO₂排放量随发动机负荷的提高呈降低趋势，柴油车和LNG车高速工况下CO₂比排放相较市区工况最高分别可降低23.55%和25.80%. LNG车CO₂比排放显著低于柴油车，市区、市郊和高速行驶工况下CO₂比排放降幅分别为15.68%、21.58%和12.17%，表明LNG车相较柴油车具有显著的CO₂减排优势. LNG车CH₄排放量显著高于柴油车，CH₄比排放为750.75~1 915.08 mg/(kW·h)；相反，柴油车N₂O排放量高于LNG车，这与柴油车采取选择性催化还原(SCR)后处理技术控制NO_x排放有关. 考虑到CH₄和N₂O较CO₂具有更强的温室气体效应，因此应当重视国六重型车N₂O和CH₄的实际道路排放. 柴油车和LNG车采取的不同技术路线均能有效控制NO_x排放，柴油车CO比排放远低于国六限值要求，而LNG车CO排放控制已近失效. 此外，柴油车可有效控制实际道路NH₃排放，但LNG车NH₃比排放为431.92~1 286.45 mg/(kW·h)，采取有效措施保证空燃比闭环精度是减少LNG车CO和NH₃排放的前提. 虽然LNG车相较柴油车具有CO₂减排优势，但二者的温室效应强度相当. 考虑到LNG车NO_x和NH₃的实际道路排放显著高于柴油车，而NO_x和NH₃是大气中臭氧和二次气溶胶的重要前体物，因此将国六重型柴油车替换为国六重型LNG车并非合理选择，也不利于大气环境的臭氧和颗粒物治理.
- 温室气体 /
- 重型柴油车 /
- 重型LNG车 /
- 实际道路排放
Abstract: Controlling on-road greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from heavy-duty vehicles is imperative. In order to study the on-road emission characteristics of GHG (CO₂, N₂O, CH₄) and regulated emissions (NO_x, CO, NH₃) from China-Ⅵ heavy-duty vehicles, five typical China-Ⅵ heavy-duty diesel and heavy-duty liquid natural gas (LNG) vehicles were selected to conduct on-road emission tests according to the on-road emission test protocol of China-Ⅵ emission regulation. The results show that the CO₂ emissions of China-Ⅵ heavy-duty vehicles decreased with the increased engine load. The CO₂-specific emissions of diesel and LNG vehicles under highway conditions were reduced by 23.55% and 25.80%, respectively, compared with the urban condition. The CO₂-specific emissions of LNG vehicles were significantly lower than those of diesel vehicles. The CO₂ emissions from LNG vehicles have decreased by 15.68%, 21.58% and 12.17% under urban, suburb, and motorway driving conditions, respectively, indicating that LNG vehicles have significant CO₂ emission reduction advantages compared to diesel vehicles. The CH₄ emissions of LNG vehicles were significantly higher than those of diesel vehicles, with CH₄-specific emissions ranging from 750.75 mg/(kW·h) to 1915.08 mg/(kW·h). On the contrary, the N₂O emissions of diesel vehicles were higher than those of LNG vehicles, which is related to the adoption of the selected catalytic reduction (SCR) system to control NO_x emissions. Considering the significant GHG effects of CH₄ and N₂O, attention should be paid to the N₂O and CH₄ emissions of China-Ⅵ heavy-duty vehicles. Different technical routes taken by diesel vehicles and LNG vehicles can effectively control NO_x emissions. The CO emissions of diesel vehicles were much lower than the NO_x limit of China-Ⅵ emission regulations, while the CO emission control of LNG vehicles nearly failed. In addition, diesel vehicles can effectively control the on-road NH₃ emissions, but the NH₃-specific emissions of LNG vehicles were 431.92-1286.45 mg/(kW·h). Taking effective measures to ensure the closed-loop accuracy of the air-fuel ratio is the prerequisite for reducing CO and NH₃ emissions from LNG vehicles. The research results show that although LNG vehicles have CO₂ emission reduction advantages compared with diesel vehicles, the greenhouse effect intensity of the two is similar. Considering that the on-road NO_x and NH₃ emissions of LNG vehicles are significantly higher than those of diesel vehicles, and NO_x and NH₃ are essential precursors of ozone and secondary aerosols in the atmosphere, it is not a reasonable to replace China-Ⅵ heavy-duty diesel vehicles with China-Ⅵ heavy-duty LNG vehicles, and it is not conducive to the control of ozone and particulate matter in the atmospheric environment.
- greenhouse gases /
- heavy-duty diesel vehicle /
- heavy-duty LNG vehicle /
- on-road emission

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图 1 PEMS安装示意

Figure 1. PEMS installation

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图 2 实际道路排放测试路线

Figure 2. Real driving emission test route

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图 3 不同行驶工况下试验车辆实际道路上的车速和NO_x排放特征

Figure 3. Real driving velocity and NO_x emission characteristics of test vehicles under different driving conditions

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图 4 不同行驶工况下试验车辆的NO_x比排放

Figure 4. NO_x specific emission of test vehicles under different driving conditions

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图 5 不同行驶工况下试验车辆的CO和NH₃比排放

Figure 5. CO and NH₃ specific emissions of test vehicles under different driving conditions

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图 6 实际道路上CO和NH₃排放特征(片段)

Figure 6. The real driving CO and NH₃ emission characteristics (fragment)

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图 7 不同行驶工况下试验车辆的CO₂比排放

Figure 7. CO₂ specific emission of test vehicles under different driving conditions

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图 8 不同行驶工况下试验车辆的CH₄和N₂O比排放

Figure 8. CH₄ and N₂O specific emission of test vehicles under different driving conditions

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图 9 不同行驶工况下试验车辆的温室效应强度

Figure 9. Greenhouse effect intensity of test vehicles under different driving conditions

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表 1 试验车辆技术参数

Table 1. Specifications of test vehicles

试验车辆		燃料	排量/L	功率/kW	扭矩/(N·m)	行驶里程/km	生产时间	后处理系统
重型柴油车	D1	柴油	10.5	311	2 200	125 744	2021年3月	DOC DPF SCR ASC
	D2	柴油	12.5	412	2 800	128 283	2021年3月
	D3	柴油	12.5	412	2 100	129 064	2021年3月
重型LNG车	L1	LNG	11.0	341	2 100	233 222	2020年4月	TWC
重型LNG车	L2	LNG	11.5	341	2 300	272 313	2020年4月	TWC

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