基于陆海统筹的河口区污染防治管理对策研究
Countermeasures of Integrated Land-Sea Pollution Management for Estuarine Region
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摘要: 陆地与海洋间进行着广泛的物质迁移和能量交换,具有密切的经济社会联系。河口区地处陆海交汇区域,是破解陆海统筹管理难题的关键区域,其生态环境演变特征与机制对沿海地区社会经济可持续发展意义重大。目前,河口区环境监督管理存在管理边界不明确、生态环境监测覆盖面不足、缺乏生态环境评价标准等问题。新形势下,亟需进一步优化完善河口区陆海统筹污染防治管理体系,破除陆海空间界限和行政管理壁垒,优化陆海衔接、海陆协同的污染防治体系,建立陆海一体、区域联动的生态环境管理体系。因此,本文提出河口区陆海统筹生态环境质量监管对策,包括划分河口水体管理单元、建立河口区生态环境评价体系、构建河口水环境基准体系、开展流域-河口-近岸海域污染协同治理、建立信息共享和智慧监管平台等,强化河口区生态系统完整性评估,为推进河口区域联动机制的建立及陆海统筹管理提供借鉴。Abstract: There is extensive material migration and energy exchange between land and sea. Land–sea integration management is an important principle for the economic development, resource utilization, spatial layout, environmental protection and ecological security of the land and sea system, which requires to establish an integrated ecological protection system, and maintain the healthy ecosystem and sustainable economic development. The estuary plays an important role for land–sea integration. The characteristics of estuary, such as hydrodynamic force, aquatic ecology and geographical position, determine the importance of its ecological environment to human activities. However, the existing problems were considered in estuarine, including ambiguous of estuarine administrative boundary, insufficient monitoring, and unapplicable water quality criteria. Under the background of accelerating national land and space coordination, in order to achieve the land–sea ecological protection, it is necessary to break the region boundaries and policy management barriers, form an integrated management for healthy ecosystem structure and function. Therefore, policy recommendations for estuarine management under the land–sea integration were put forward, such as demarcating the estuary boundary, putting forward estuarine ecological environment assessment system, implementing watershed–estuary–offshore collaborative pollution control, and establishing intelligent supervision platform, which will strengthen the estuarine ecological protection.
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Key words:
- land–sea integration /
- estuary /
- pollution prevention and control /
- management /
- countermeasures
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