我国建设用地土壤环境标准体系发展历程与现状及完善建议
Soil Environmental Standard System of Construction Land of China: Development, Analysis, and Suggestion
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摘要: 土壤污染是危害人类身体健康以及环境安全的重大问题,是实现美丽中国目标的关键制约因素。围绕国内外土壤环境和污染管控标准制定现状,系统梳理了我国建设用地土壤环境标准的发展历程,构建了基于建设用地土壤污染风险管控的标准体系框架,解析了不同类型标准文件的内容特征,提出了我国土壤环境标准的完善方案和发展方向。结果表明,借鉴发达国家的研究积累和成熟经验,中国已基本建立基于本国特色的建设用地土壤环境管理体系,先后经历污染控制标准、环境质量标准、环境风险管控标准等发展阶段。基于200余项国家、行业和地方标准文件内容分析发现,土壤污染物的检验方法占标准文件类型比例近70%,不同污染场地管理指导文件数量较为均衡,主要的污染物测试种类和检测方法分别为农药类和分光光度法。未来发展任务可从开发参数精细化和本土化的风险评估模型、制定满足不同用途需求的区域性建设用地土壤污染修复标准、完善风险调查检测评估与防治相关技术规范等方面进行,进一步健全建设用地土壤环境标准体系,切实为我国土壤环境保护标准体系的优化完善提供重要的方法基础,为深入打好净土保卫战提供坚实的技术支撑。Abstract: Soil contamination seriously poses risk to human health and ecology environment, and is a key constraint to achieving the goal of Beautiful China. Focusing on the current research of soil environmental management laws and standards at home and abroad, the paper systematically combed the development process of soil environmental protection standards for construction land in China. By constructing a standard syst[1]em framework based on soil pollution risk management and control in construction land, the classification characteristics of different typed standard documents are analyzed, and the improvement plan and development direction of standards are suggested. The results exhibit that, China has basically established a self-characteristic soil environmental management system of construction land, with the experienced support and investigated foundation of developed countries, and the environmental management standards are successively developed periods such as soil contamination control, soil quality, and soil risk management. Based on the analysis of 200%2B national, trade, and local standards, the standard document accounts for 70% of inspection methods. The number of management guidance documents for different contaminated sites is relatively balanced. Pesticides and spectrophotometry are the main pollutant testing types and detection methods, respectively. Future development tasks can be carried out from developing a risk assessment model with refined parameters and localization, formulating regional construction land soil pollution remediation standards that meet the needs of different uses, and improving risk investigation, detection and analysis, and prevention and control related technical specifications, etc. The follow-up work will continue to promote the construction of the soil environmental management system, effectively optimize and improve the in-depth soil ecological-environmental standard system, and provide powerful technical support for the ultimate success of soil contamination prevention and control.
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Key words:
- soil environment /
- standard /
- construction land /
- contaminated site /
- risk control /
- environmental management
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