我国大气污染和气候变化协同治理的健康效益研究进展

郭昌胜; 高雅; 樊境朴; 袁欣; 吴荣山; 徐建

doi:10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2023.09.09

我国大气污染和气候变化协同治理的健康效益研究进展

doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2023.09.09

郭昌胜^{1, 2,},
高雅^{1, 2},
樊境朴^{1, 2},
袁欣^{1, 2},
吴荣山^{1, 2, ,},
徐建^{1, 2}

1.
中国环境科学研究院，国家环境保护化学品生态效应与风险评估重点实验室，北京　100012
2.
中国环境科学研究院，环境健康风险评估与研究中心，北京　100012

基金项目: 国家环境保护化学品生态效应与风险评估重点实验室开放基金项目(No.2022KFZD02)

详细信息

作者简介:
郭昌胜（1981-），男，河南开封人，研究员，博士，主要从事污染物风险评价与决策支持研究，guocs@craes.org.cn

通讯作者:
吴荣山(1992-)，男，福建莆田人，助理研究员，博士，主要从事环境与健康研究，wu.rongshan@craes.org.cn

中图分类号: X513
计量
- 文章访问数: 133
- HTML全文浏览量: 39
- PDF下载量: 36
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-05-20
- 修回日期: 2023-08-04
- 网络出版日期: 2023-09-20

Research Progress on Health Benefits of Collaborative Management of Air Pollution and Climate Change in China

GUO Changsheng^{1, 2
,},
GAO Ya^{1, 2},
FAN Jingpu^{1, 2},
YUAN Xin^{1, 2},
WU Rongshan^{1, 2
, ,},
XU Jian^{1, 2}

1.
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
2.
Center for Environmental Health Risk Assessment and Research, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China

Funds: Open Fund of State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, China (No.2022KFZD02)

摘要

摘要: 大气污染和气候变化是全球普遍存在的环境健康问题，也是我国面临的重大公共卫生挑战. 近年来，我国关于大气污染与气候变化的流行病学研究逐渐增加，揭示了大气污染的短期或长期暴露均会对人体产生不良的健康效应. 现阶段，随着我国碳达峰、碳中和的重大决策部署与落实，未来将会对改善空气质量和减缓气候变化产生积极作用，并且对人群健康产生深远影响. 在此背景下，本文回顾了我国大气污染和气候变化的治理进程及其对人群健康效益研究. 结果表明：近年来，我国在大气污染防治和气候变化应对方面均取得了显著成效；虽然流行病学研究一致表明，大气污染和气候变化严重威胁着我国人群的健康安全，但是通过改善空气质量和缓解气候变化也将带来健康收益，尤其是二者的协同治理具有显著的健康效益. 研究显示，随着“双碳”目标的提出，对我国空气质量持续改善与气候变化协同应对提出了更高的要求，未来应积极考虑深入推进大气污染和气候变化协同治理来有效地保护人群健康.
- 大气污染 /
- 气候变化 /
- 人群健康 /
- 协同效益
Abstract: Air pollution and climate change are the two main environmental health issues in the world and are also major public health challenges in China. In recent years, the epidemiological research on air pollution and climate change has gradually increased in China, revealing the health effects of short-term and long-term exposure to air pollution. The deployment and implementation of major strategic decisions to achieve carbon peak and carbon neutrality will have a positive effect on improving air quality and mitigating the negative effects of climate change, and will also have a profound impact on human health in the future. In this context, the paper reviewed the governance process of air pollution and climate change in China and its epidemiological health effect and benefits on human health. In summary, the results show that China has achieved remarkable results in air pollution prevention and climate change in recent years. Although epidemiological studies have consistently shown that air pollution and climate change seriously threaten health, improving air quality and mitigating climate change will also bring health benefits, especially the collaborative governance of the two has significant health benefits. However, the achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals also puts forward more stringent requirements for improvement of air quality with coordinated response to climate change in China. We should actively consider how to promote coordinated management of air pollution and climate change to effectively protect human health in the future.
- air pollution /
- climate change /
- human health /
- co-benefit

HTML全文

图 1 2013—2022年我国常规污染物年均浓度和优良天数比例变化趋势

Figure 1. Trend of annual average concentration of air pollutants and the percentage of days with good air quality in China from 2013 to 2022

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 2013—2022年全国及重点城市和区域PM_2.5浓度和O₃日最大8 h平均值第90百分位数浓度的变化趋势

注：全国数据中未包括港澳台地区数据.

Figure 2. Trend of annual average concentration of PM_2.5 and the 90^th percentile of the daily 8-hour maximum concentration of O₃ in China and the key cities and regions from 2013 to 2022

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 2015—2022年我国CO₂排放强度(估算)和GDP变化情况

注：数据来源于《中国应对气候变化的政策与行动》^[9].

Figure 3. Carbondioxide emission intensity (estimated) and GDP in China during 2015-2022

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 我国气候变化应对的政策与行动概述

Table 1. Overview of policies and actions to cope with climate change in China

项目	年份	政策名称或行动方案
国家应对政策	2007	《中国应对气候变化国家方案》
	2013	《国家适应气候变化战略》
	2014	《国家应对气候变化规划(2014—2020年)》
	2016	《城市适应气候变化行动计划》
	2021	《碳排放权交易管理办法(试行)》
	2021	《2030年前碳达峰行动方案》
	2022	《国家适应气候变化战略2035》
国家应对行动	2007	《气候变化国家评估报告》
	2008	《中国应对气候变化的政策与行动》
	2009	将单位国内生产总值二氧化碳排放(碳排放强度)下降幅度作为约束性指标纳入国民经济和社会发展规划纲要
	2015	签署《巴黎协定》
	2017	筛选适应气候变化的28个试点城市
	2020	提出力争2030年前实现碳达峰，2060年前实现碳中和
	2021	加快构建碳达峰碳中和“1+N”政策体系
	2021	将“2025年单位国内生产总值(GDP)CO₂排放较2020年降低18%”作为“十四五”规划和2035年远景目标纲要约束性指标
	2021	《中国应对气候变化的政策与行动》

下载: 导出CSV

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